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signal and data processing of small targets 1995 conference

作者： NISHIGUCHI, K KOBAYASHI, M ICHIKAWA, A MITSUBISHI ELECTR CORP AMAGASAKIHYOGOJAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819419206

This paper presents a new method for detection of small moving targets from noisy image sequences using a recursive filter, which contains a local maximum filter in the feedback loop. Since all the procedures contained in this method can be implemented by fully parallel algorithm, this method can be realized by a neural network and real-time processing is possible for image sequences at high frame rates. First we investigate the performance of the method on the assumption that the targets move randomly in an image plane and the background noise is white both in time and space. The results show that the proposed method has the ability to suppress the background noise and enhances small moving targets, and that the targets are detected only by thresholding after the processing of the recursive filter. There can be other backgrounds such as clutters and stationary objects. It is also shown that the above method is applicable after preprocessing of conventional time difference method, and is able to suppress these backgrounds. Next we analyze the performance of the method using the property of order statistics. The performance measure is the output signal-to-noise ratio and is represented analytically as a function of input SNR and the parameters included in the method. Finally, the recursive filter is optimized using the result of the analysis.

关键词： Digital filtering Target detection signal to noise ratio Image filtering Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Statistical analysis Computer simulations Feedback loops Evolutionary algorithms

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Multisensor tracking of ballistic targets

Multisensor tracking of ballistic targets

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signal and data processing of small targets 1995 conference

作者： FRENKEL, G INST DEF ANAL ALEXANDRIAVA 22311

ISBN: (纸本)0819419206

This paper addresses the multisensor tracking of targets but considers only the special case of targets on a ballistic trajectory. The scenario consists of two radars tracking the same target. One of these radars periodically sends a track to the other radar for fusion with the track generated by the recipient. A track fusion algorithm for tracking ballistic targets is derived. This algorithm is exercised and illustrated by the Sensor Fusion Architecture Model (SFAM) computer program. Since the repeated track fusion of ballistic trajectories results in correlation that must be removed to preserve the optimality in the resultant estimate, an algorithm that requires the preservation of the last update and the error covariance matrix from another Kalman Filter (KF) also is presented. These data then are used to decorrelate the two track inputs originating at the same-source KF.

关键词： BALLISTIC MISSILE KALMAN FILTER (KF) RADAR SENSOR FUSION TRACKING

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Detection and Localization of Multiple Unresolved Extended targets via Monopulse Radar signal processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2009年第2期45卷 455-472页

作者： Zhang, Xin Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov United Technol Res Ctr E Hartford CT 06108 USA Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

When the size of targets is comparable to the range resolution of monopulse radars, these targets should be considered as extended rather than point targets. If several closely-spaced targets fall within the same radar beam and between adjacent matched filter samples in range, the full monopulse information from all of these samples can and should be used to resolve these targets, i.e., estimate the number of targets and their respective angles-of-arrival and ranges. To detect and localize multiple unresolved extended targets, we establish a model for monopulse radar returns from extended objects, and present a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to localize the targets. Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) criterion will be used to decide the number of existing extended objects. We also derive the upper limit on the number of targets and their scattering centers that can be resolved, and we provide necessary conditions for these targets to be uniquely identified. We compare the new extended target monopulse processing scheme with previously developed point-target monopulse techniques in the simulations.

关键词： RADAR ELECTRONIC pulse techniques ELECTRONIC systems signal processing -- Digital techniques MACHINE theory

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Evaluation of data association techniques in a real multi-target radar tracking environment

Evaluation of data association techniques in a real multi-ta...

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signal and data processing of small targets 1995 conference

作者： HU, ZJ LEUNG, H BLANCHETTE, M ATLANTIS SCI SYST GRP INC OTTAWAON K2C 0P9CANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819419206

This paper assesses tracking performance of a number of commonly-used data association techniques, including the nearest-neighbor (NN) data association with optimal and sub-optimal assignments, the weighted-average and nearest-neighbor version of the probabilistic data association (PDA), joint probabilistic data association (JPDA), cheap JPDA, and sub-optimal JPDA. The real radar tracking data used for the performance evaluation in this paper contain multiple maneuvering and non-maneuvering air targets in various clutter conditions. The study shows that all the data association methods perform well when the targets are well separated with near straight-line trajectories. In the case of closely spaced and maneuvering targets, the NN and NN version of JPDA methods are more effective than the weighted-average PDA and JPDA methods.

关键词： MULTIPLE TARGET TRACKING data ASSOCIATION NEAREST-NEIGHBOR data ASSOCIATION PROBABILISTIC data ASSOCIATION JOINT PROBABILISTIC data ASSOCIATION

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signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets

Signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for high...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Sinha, A Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a novel signal processor combined with a tracker/radar resource allocator based on the Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic data Association (IMMPDA) estimator is presented for tracking highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets. An advanced monopulse processing technique, which uses the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach and yields separate angle measurements for two targets in the same radar beam and same range cell, i.e., they are unresolved, is developed. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of tracking performance, over techniques using the monopulse ratio for the same problem. The standard monopulse ratio technique of extracting angles yields a single merged measurement when the targets are unresolved, resulting in track coalescence. The signal processor and tracker were coupled with a radar resource allocator to minimize the radar resources required to track the target while maintaining a low track loss and ensuring high estimation accuracies.

关键词： Radar signal processing Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection signal to noise ratio Monte Carlo methods Antennas Computer simulations Radar signal processing data modeling

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Developing a CFAR filter for detecting point targets using a dynamic programming algorithm

Developing a CFAR filter for detecting point targets using a...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Madar, H Avishai, T Succary, R Rotman, SR Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Elect & Comp Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0819450774

A method to detect and track point targets in infrared imagery is briefly described. The final output of the algorithm is a single image containing scores related to the probability of a target being located at any particular pixel. This image will be analyzed to deterrrtine the presence and location of suspected targets, based on CFAR requirements.

关键词： Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms Algorithm development Filtering (signal processing) Image processing signal to noise ratio Computer programming Image filtering Image analysis signal processing

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Range information extraction from tracking data using object kinematic parameters

Range information extraction from tracking data using object...

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signal and data processing of small targets 1995 conference

作者： SHEN, MZ CHINESE ACAD SCI INST OPT & ELECTRCHENGDU 610209PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)0819419206

This paper will propose a way to extract target position/range information from the angle-only tracking data with the priori knowledge of the target movement. The target trajectory can be expressed as a function of time, called target function, with n parameters. If m parameters (e.g. target original position, target speed, target acceleration, etc.) are known, or can be estimated to some extent of accuracy, then there remain n-m unknown parameters in the target function. In order to determine these unknown parameters, we should take at least n-m set of tracking data at different times, and construct a system of n-m simultaneous equations. Once all parameters become known by solving this system of equations, the target position and target range can be obtained by substituting the specific time value into the target function. Some typical cases are investigate and the application conditions discussed. Computer simulations are also presented.

关键词： OPTICAL TRACKING data PROCESS PASSIVE RANGING

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New Doppler processing for the Detection of small and Slowly-Moving targets in Highly Ambiguous Radar Context 26

New Doppler Processing for the Detection of Small and Slowly...

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European signal processing conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Aouchiche, Linda Ferro-Famil, Laurent Adnet, Claude Univ Rennes 1 Rennes France Thales Air Syst Limours France

ISBN: (纸本)9789082797015

This paper presents a novel Doppler processing scheme for pulse Doppler radars operating in at intermediate Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and suffering from range and Doppler ambiguities. One of the main drawbacks of the classical Doppler processing approach concerns the suppression of small and slowly-moving targets when rejecting ground clutter returns. In order to address this problem a two-step Doppler method is proposed in this paper. The first step uses a new iterative algorithm that resolves ambiguities and detects fast (exo-clutter) targets. The detection of slow (endo-clutter) targets is then performed by an adaptive detection scheme that uses a new covariance matrix estimation technique. Pulse trains with different characteristics are then associated for enhanced detection performance.

关键词： Doppler effect Clutter Covariance matrices Training data signal resolution Estimation Doppler radar

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NNJPDA for tracking closely-spaced Rayleigh targets with possibly merged measurements

NNJPDA for tracking closely-spaced Rayleigh targets with pos...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

The measurements of the two closely-spaced targets will be merged when the target echoes are not resolved in angle, range, or radial velocity (i.e., Doppler processing). The modified Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) is given for monopulse direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for two unresolved Rayleigh targets and used to give insight into the antenna boresight pointing. A monopulse processing technique is given for DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets. The Nearest Neighbor Joint Probabilistic data Association Algorithm (NNJPDA) algorithm is extended to include the possibility of merged monopulse measurements of Rayleigh targets. The monopulse signals are incorporated into the data association as a feature to discriminate between merged and resolved measurements.

关键词： unresolved objects target tracking data association radar signal processing

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Detection of small IR objects using wavelets, matched subspace detectors, and registration

Detection of small IR objects using wavelets, matched subspa...

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Hewer, G Kuo, W Kenney, C Hanson, G Bobinchak, J USN Air Warfare Ctr China Lake CA 93555 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

Infrared sensors and advanced signal processing are used to detect small (or "point") targets in highly cluttered and noisy environments. In this paper, a wavelet detection algorithm and tracking of small targets in clutter will be discussed. A new registration algorithm based on optical flow estimates with matched subspace detectors against small maneuverable targets is also discussed. Both detectors incorporate adaptive constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection statistics. Simulation of the detection and tracking algorithms using an unclassified database with a helicopter target and platform for the video cameras is summarized.

关键词： wavelets matched subspace detector registration

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