作者:
Gray, JEMcCabe, DHUSN
Ctr Surface Warfare Dahlgren Div Syst Res & Technol Dept Dahlgren VA 22448 USA
Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous (i.e., perform the, same operation at the identical time), take measurem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819441872
Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous (i.e., perform the, same operation at the identical time), take measurements at the same time and have no communication delays between sensor platforms and the central processing center. Such assumptions are not valid in practice. This paper removes these assumptions when dealing with multisensor target tracking. In particular, it assumes that the sensors used can have different data rates and communication delays between local and central platforms. A new tracking algorithm using asynchronous sensors is proposed and derived in this paper.
Loral Canada completed (May 1995) a Department of National Defense (DND) Chief of Research and Development (CRAD) contract, to study the feasibility of implementing a multi- sensor data fusion (MSDF) system onboard th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819419206
Loral Canada completed (May 1995) a Department of National Defense (DND) Chief of Research and Development (CRAD) contract, to study the feasibility of implementing a multi- sensor data fusion (MSDF) system onboard the CP-140 Aurora aircraft. This system is expected to fuse data from: (a) attributed measurement oriented sensors (ESM, IFF, etc.); (b) imaging sensors (FLIR, SAR, etc.); (c) tracking sensors (radar, acoustics, etc.); (d) data from remote platforms (data links); and (e) non-sensor data (intelligence reports, environmental data, visual sightings, encyclopedic data, etc.). Based on purely theoretical considerations a central-level fusion architecture will lead to a higher performance fusion system. However, there are a number of systems and fusion architecture issues involving fusion of such dissimilar data: (1) the currently existing sensors are not designed to provide the type of data required by a fusion system; (2) the different types (attribute, imaging, tracking, etc.) of data may require different degree of processing, before they can be used within a fusion system efficiently; (3) the data quality from different sensors, and more importantly from remote platforms via the data links must be taken into account before fusing; and (4) the non-sensor data may impose specific requirements on the fusion architecture (e.g. variable weight/priority for the data from different sensors). This paper presents the analyses performed for the selection of the fusion architecture for the enhanced sensor suite planned for the CP-140 aircraft in the context of the mission requirements and environmental conditions.
A framework of multiresolutional target tracking is established in this paper. The wavelet transform is employed in constructing multiresolutional data and model structures. Multiresolutional tracking is performed ove...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
A framework of multiresolutional target tracking is established in this paper. The wavelet transform is employed in constructing multiresolutional data and model structures. Multiresolutional tracking is performed over the multiresolutional data and model structures in a top-down fashion. The main advantages of multiresolutional target tracking include: computational efficiency, performance robustness and algorithm flexibility.
smalltargets defined in the paper are low-RCS targets or weak infrared emitting targets which are very difficult to track by a single sensor (a radar or an IRST) because the measurements gained by the sensor are usua...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425850
smalltargets defined in the paper are low-RCS targets or weak infrared emitting targets which are very difficult to track by a single sensor (a radar or an IRST) because the measurements gained by the sensor are usually unsuccessive. Although a single sensor can only observe the target in unsuccessive way, the sensor mt may sometimes track the target continuously by data fusion of the fractional trajectories or hits of the target from all sensors of the netted system. Typically, data fusion method of a distributed sensor net is track-to-track fusion that requires continuous track-level data(space vector estimates and their covariance matrices) from sensors in the net. For the case of smalltargets this condition can not be satisfied. In the paper, we derive a method to fuse the data of the small target from the system. The method includes data association and tracking. Special attention is pay to track initiation with Hough Transform for the association algorithm. Test and results are also given in the paper.
The ultimate goal of this paper is to track two closely spaced and unresolved targets using monopulse radar measurements, the quality of such tracking being a determinant of successful detection of target spawn. It ex...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819459186
The ultimate goal of this paper is to track two closely spaced and unresolved targets using monopulse radar measurements, the quality of such tracking being a determinant of successful detection of target spawn. It explores statistical estimation techniques based on the maximum likelihood criterion and Gibbs sampling, and addresses concerns about the accuracy of the measurements delivered thereby. In particular, the Gibbs approach can deliver joint measurements (and the associated covariances) from both targets, and it is therefore natural to consider a joint filter. The ideas are compared, and amongst the various strategies discussed, a particle filter that operates directly on the monopulse measurements is especially promising.
Closely spaced targets can result in merged measurements, which complicate data association. Such merged measurements violate any assumption that each measurement relates to a single target. As a result, it is not pos...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450774
Closely spaced targets can result in merged measurements, which complicate data association. Such merged measurements violate any assumption that each measurement relates to a single target. As a result, it is not possible to use the auction algorithm in its simplest form (or other two-dimensional assignment algorithms) to solve the two-dimensional target-to-measurement assignment problem. We propose an approach that uses the auction algorithm together with Lagrangian relaxation to incorporate the additional constraints resulting-from the presence of merged measurements. We conclude with some simulated results displaying the concepts introduced, and discuss the application of this research within a particle filter context.
The technique of detecting and tracking of a moving point target is space-based background with low SNR is analyzed in this paper. An efficient method for detecting low speed targets is presented. The method simply us...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
The technique of detecting and tracking of a moving point target is space-based background with low SNR is analyzed in this paper. An efficient method for detecting low speed targets is presented. The method simply uses multi-frame accumulating as the main operation in improving the output SNR. And it introduces candidate target records for target matching and recognition. The method is easy for hardware implementation that meets the demands of real time processing and low power consumption.
This paper describes a highly adaptive video motion detection and tracking algorithm that has been developed as part of Sandia's Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES) program. The AES detection and tracking algorithm pro...
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This paper describes a highly adaptive video motion detection and tracking algorithm that has been developed as part of Sandia's Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES) program. The AES detection and tracking algorithm provides good performance under stressing data and environmental conditions. Features of the algorithm include the following: reliable detection with negligible false alarm rate of variable velocity targets having low signal-to-clutter ratios;reliable tracking of targets that show motion that is non-inertial;automatic adaptation to both infrared and visible imagery with variable quality;and suppression of false alarms caused by sensor flaws or cutouts, or both.
We present a computationally efficient track-before-detect algorithm that achieves more than 50% true detection at 10-6 false alarm rate for pixel sized unknown number of multiple targets when the signal-to-noise rati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819481627
We present a computationally efficient track-before-detect algorithm that achieves more than 50% true detection at 10-6 false alarm rate for pixel sized unknown number of multiple targets when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 7dB. Without making any assumptions on the distribution functions, we select a small number of cells, so called as needles, and generate motion hypotheses using the target state transition model. We accumulate cell likelihoods along each hypothesis in the temporal window and append the accumulated values to the corresponding queues of the cell positions in the most recent image. We assign a target in case the queue maximum is greater than a threshold that produces the specified false alarm rate.
Analytic expressions are derived based on tracker characteristics that determine the maximum scan frame time required to track a maneuvering target. The tracker characteristics chosen are: filter gain, measurement cor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
Analytic expressions are derived based on tracker characteristics that determine the maximum scan frame time required to track a maneuvering target. The tracker characteristics chosen are: filter gain, measurement correlation gate size, target acceleration and measurement error variance.
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