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检索条件"任意字段=Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000"

共 1718 条记录，以下是1641-1650 订阅

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IMPROVING SPATIAL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS PRECISION BY LEAST-SQUARE FITTING METHOD

IMPROVING SPATIAL SPECTRUM ANALYSIS PRECISION BY LEAST-SQUAR...

引用

4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： KONG, TS LIANG, DN Changsha Institute of Technology (China)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

This paper addresses the problem of direction-upon-arrival (DOA) estimation. It is well known that the mean-squared errors (MSE) of the DOA are proportional to reciprocal of the squared distance d between array elements, and asymptotically approach to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRD) as d increases. However, this may cause spatial frequency alinning. In this paper, using non-uniform array, we regard this problem as data least square fitting one, and estimate DOA by a proper direction vector fitting. Two theorems are proved to ensure the method not to cause ambiguity. The advantages of proposed method are discussed.

关键词： Chemical elements data processing signal processing Picosecond phenomena Plutonium Sensors Silicon Spatial frequencies Spectrum analysis Osmium

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IMM ALGORITHM FOR TRACKING targets THAT MANEUVER THROUGH COORDINATED TURNS

IMM ALGORITHM FOR TRACKING TARGETS THAT MANEUVER THROUGH COO...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： WATSON, GA BLAIR, WD Naval Surface Warfare Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm uses multiple models that interact through state mixing to track a target maneuvering through an arbitrary trajectory. However, when a target maneuvers through a coordinated turn, the acceleration vector of the target changes magnitude and direction, and the maneuvering target models commonly used in the IMM (e.g., constant acceleration) can exhibit considerable model error. To address this problem an IMM algorithm that includes a constant velocity model, a constant speed model with the kinematic constraint for constant speed targets, and the exponentially increasing acceleration (EIA) model for maneuver response is proposed. The constant speed model utilizes a turning rate in the state transition matrix to achieve constant speed prediction. The turning rate is calculated from the velocity and acceleration estimates of the constant speed model. The kinematic constraint for constant speed targets is utilized as a pseudomeasurement in the filtering process with the constant speed model. Simulation results that demonstrate the benefits of the EIA model and the kinematic constraint to the IMM algorithm are given. The tracking performance of the proposed IMM algorithm is compared with that of an IMM algorithm utilizing constant velocity and constant turn rate models.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Lithium Kinematics data modeling signal processing data processing Switching Error analysis Motion models Coastal modeling

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THE MSX ON-BOARD signal AND data PROCESSOR (OSDP)

THE MSX ON-BOARD SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSOR (OSDP)

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： MASSON, BL PFEIFFER, CG Hughes Aircraft Company El Segundo CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite, to be launched in 1993, will carry as one of its experiments the Onboard signal and data Processor (OSDP). OSDP will demonstrate real time tracking of targets in space, processing the long wave infrared data from MSX's Spirit III sensor. Hughes Aircraft has built and delivered the OSDP flight unit;verification and acceptance tests have been completed, with all technical requirements satisfied. Built upon the experience gained on the previous generation signal processor currently operating on the Airborne Surveillance Testbed (AST, also known as AOA), OSDP implements improved and simplified algorithms that promise to reduce the computational load while substantially enhancing functional capability. This paper describes the OSDP concept and these functional enhancements. The key OSDP functions are described in detail but on a qualitative basis, to promote an understanding of the functional enhancements and their significance. The characteristics and capabilities of OSDP are compared with those of its predecessor on AST, and future additional enhancements that may be implemented in a next generation to follow OSDP are discussed. © 1992 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acceptance tests

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FAST NEURAL ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTING MOVING targets IN HIGHLY NOISY ENVIRONMENTS

FAST NEURAL ALGORITHMS FOR DETECTING MOVING TARGETS IN HIGHL...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： BARHEN, J TOOMARIAN, N ZAK, M California Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The detection of targets moving in an environment dominated by "noise" is addressed from the perspective of nonlinear dynamics. Sensor data are used to drive a Korteweg-deVries (soliton) equation, inducing a resonance-type phenomenon which indicates the presence of hidden target signals. The algorithm is implemented in terms of a novel neural architecture, which we have named "spectral network", which can easily be implemented in optoelectronic hardware.

关键词： TARGET DETECTION DRIVEN SOLITONS SPECTRAL NEURAL NETWORKS OPTOELECTRONIC IMPLEMENTATION

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DEMONSTRATION OF CLUTTER REDUCTION AND AIRCRAFT DETECTION IN MULTISPECTRAL data

DEMONSTRATION OF CLUTTER REDUCTION AND AIRCRAFT DETECTION IN...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： HOFF, LE WINTER, EM Naval Ocean Systems Ctr. (United States) Technical Research Associates Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The DARPA multi-spectral infrared camera (MUSIC) was used for a series of experiments in Australia and Maui, Hawaii in 1991. The Maui experiments, conducted from a high mountain, concentrated on the detection of aircraft. The detection of air vehicles without the use of temporal motion (such as the case of a head-on approaching air vehicle) is a challenging problem when background clutter is present. The technique investigated was not dependent upon either the angular motion or the spectral signature of the aircraft. This approach exploits the differential transmission of the atmosphere in neighboring long wave infrared bands. This differential transmission between the target and background `colors' the background relative to the target and allows its removal. This technique was demonstrated on many examples of MUSIC data collected in Maui, Hawaii. targets approaching the sensor head-on were successfully detected against clouds and other backgrounds using spectral along with spatial techniques. Several different algorithms were investigated and results are compared.

关键词： Sensors Clouds Target detection Detection and tracking algorithms Calibration Infrared radiation signal processing Long wavelength infrared signal to noise ratio Optical filters

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ADVANCED SURVEILLANCE TESTBED AND BACKGROUND MODELING

ADVANCED SURVEILLANCE TESTBED AND BACKGROUND MODELING

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： SINGKOFER, KA MCCARTHY, JE ROBBINS, HM General Research Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The advanced surveillance testbed was developed to provide high-fidelity simulation of space- based electro-optical sensors, their associated signal processing, and multi-target tracking algorithms as well as the testing/evaluation of the algorithms. It has a modular design for ease of expansion and maintenance. The testbed begins with scenario definition which includes the definition of satellite constellations, specification of targets, the modeling of atmospheres, and the selection or generation of background scenes. Existing sensor modules include an advanced staring sensor, two linear scanners of advanced design, and a simplified generic sensor for quick simulations having lower fidelity. Modules for two-dimensional (monocular) tracking include a highly specialized tracker for use with the staring sensor and several two- dimensional trackers that can use angle-intensity data from any source. Results of two or more monocular simulations can be combined as inputs to algorithms for data fusion and three- dimensional tracking. `Optimal' two- and three-dimensional tracking algorithms are also provided. Additional modules provide overall control, graphics, and track analysis. This presentation discusses the testbed and its capabilities describing the models with emphasis placed on the background modeling and the implications of background and the lessons learned.

关键词： Clouds Sensors Electro optical modeling Detection and tracking algorithms Scattering signal processing databases Atmospheric modeling data modeling Surveillance

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data ASSOCIATION FOR TRACK INITIATION AND EXTENSION USING MULTISCAN WINDOWS

DATA ASSOCIATION FOR TRACK INITIATION AND EXTENSION USING MU...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： POORE, AB RIJAVEC, N BARKER, TN Colorado State Univ. (United States) IBM Corp./FSD (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

The central problem in multitarget-multisensor tracking is the data association problem of partitioning the observations into tracks and false alarms so that an accurate estimate of the true tracks can be recovered. Many previous and current methodologies are based on single scan processing, which is real-time, but often leads to a large number of partial and incorrect assignments, and thus incorrect track identification. The fundamental difficulty with this approach is that there is simply not enough information in single scan processing to properly partition the observations into tracks and false alarms. In this work we formulate the problem of data association for track initiation and extension using multiscan windows in order to obtain superior track identification. A model problem is investigated to show the effect of window size, probability of detection, probability of false alarms, and measurement error on solution quality and timings.

关键词： data processing signal processing Sensors Detection and tracking algorithms System identification Gadolinium Target detection Algorithm development Dynamical systems Optimization (mathematics)

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ADAPTIVE WHITENING FILTERS FOR small TARGET DETECTION

ADAPTIVE WHITENING FILTERS FOR SMALL TARGET DETECTION

引用

4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： SONI, T ZEIDLER, JR KU, WH Univ. of California/San Diego (United States) Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

This paper studies the performance of the two dimensional least mean square adaptive filter as a prewhitening filter for detection systems. In two dimensional infrared sensor data, the clutter is correlated and much wider in spatial extent than the signal of interest. The two dimensional adaptive filter can be trained to adapt and predict the clutter, thereby enabling the error channel output to contain the signal of interest in white noise. Performance of the adaptive prewhitener, in terms of local signal to clutter ratio's(LSCR) and the gain obtained is described. The gain in LSCR due to this augmenting filter, is shown to depend on the statistics of the background clutter, in particular on the local mean. It is shown that, as the amount of color in the background clutter increases, the performance of the conventional matched filter performance degrades much more than the performance of a detector based on the augmenting prewhitener.

关键词： Digital filtering Electronic filtering Image filtering signal processing Target detection Statistical analysis data processing Infrared radiation Interference (communication) Optical filters

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NEW FAN FILTERS FOR MULTIPLE FRAME, TRACK-BEFORE-DETECT APPLICATIONS

NEW FAN FILTERS FOR MULTIPLE FRAME, TRACK-BEFORE-DETECT APPL...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： MARZETTA, TL Nichols Research Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

Clutter and noise can preclude single-frame detection of moving targets in image sequences, necessitating the application of multiple frame (3-D) filters. Two new types of 3-D fan filter show considerable promise in this application. The first type of fan filter suppresses all clutter and other objects whose velocity is contained in a user-specified velocity set. The ability to reject clutter over a continuous range of velocity is a great advantage of this class of filter with respect to velocity-notch filters such as the frame-to-frame subtracter. The second type of fan filter passes without attenuation all objects whose velocity is contained in a user-specified velocity set while providing the maximum possible suppression of broad-band noise. For detecting a target of unknown velocity in broad-band noise a bank of this type of fan filter can replace a band of 3-D matched filters, with the advantage of avoiding the velocity mismatch losses of the 3-D matched filter.

关键词： Fluctuations and noise Filtering (signal processing) Image filtering Electronic filtering signal to noise ratio Target detection 3D acquisition signal attenuation signal processing Sensors

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SINGLE LOOK TRACKING NOISE FOR INTENSITY AND BINARY CENTROIDING ALGORITHMS FOR RESOLVED targets AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN SHARED AND SEPARATE APERTURE ACTIVE TRACKING

SINGLE LOOK TRACKING NOISE FOR INTENSITY AND BINARY CENTROID...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： BANDERMANN, L KWONG, R Lockheed Missles & Space Co. Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

Expressions are derived for the single look tracking noise (SLTN) for an unthresholded intensity centroid algorithm and a binary centroid with a lower threshold. The SLTN is defined as the rss value of the rms errors due to (1) photoelectron statistics, (2) background in the tracking gate, and (3) non-coincidence of the object boundaries and the focal plane array (FPA) detector pixels. The expressions, eqs. (27) and (28) below, are applied to typical directed energy weapon scenarios where the objects are pulse-illuminated distant, Lambertian targets. We find for both algorithms that the SLTN decreases with increasing illuminator energy to a terminal value set by the boundary mismatch error (3) above, but for a fixed illumination and pixel footprint on the target this error is smaller for the intensity algorithm. For each algorithm, the footprint can be optimized to obtain a minimal SLTN, and in the cases studied the binary SLTN was consistently lower than the intensity SLTN. Furthermore, the dependence on illuminator pulse energy E is approximately 1/(root)E for the intensity, approximately 1/E^2/3 for the binary centroid. Finally, the SLTN is approximately proportional to 1/D(root)(eta) , where D is the collecting aperture and (eta) is the tracker photon efficiency (transmission X quantum). Thus the advantage of a `shared' DEW tracker compared to `separate' is typically a factor 5 or less.

关键词： Binary data Detection and tracking algorithms Error analysis Directed energy weapons data processing signal processing Fiber optic illuminators Staring arrays Quantum efficiency Sensors

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