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检索条件"任意字段=Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000"

共 1718 条记录，以下是1681-1690 订阅

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Detection of moving subpixel targets in infrared clutter with space-time filtering

Detection of moving subpixel targets in infrared clutter wit...

引用

signal and data processing of small targets 1991

作者： Braunreiter, Dennis C. Banh, Nam D. Hughes Aircraft Co. Canoga Park CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819405906

This paper describes a robust approach to acquisition of unresolved infrared (IR) targets in clutter. This approach is based on an optimized combination of post-detection and predetection processes. The algorithm utilizes a priori knowledge of target size and velocity relative to the background to suppress background clutter and enhance target signature. The predetection algorithm is based on a maximum likelihood ratio detection model where no statistical assumptions are made on the background. Background clutter is suppressed by background estimation and removal. The target signature is enhanced by applying a space-time filter matched to the target size and velocity after the background has been estimated and removed. The post-detection process further enhances Pd and suppresses Pfa by using an M out of N detection criteria. A performance figure, signal-to-noise ratio improvement factor (SIF) is defined. Sensitivities to SIF from the background estimation and removal process are derived and shown for an image edge primitive. Image edge magnitudes are measured in a MWIR image sequence and used to predict SIF, and the predicted SIF is compared to theoretical results.

关键词： Radar, Optical

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Passive-sensor data fusion

Passive-sensor data fusion

引用

signal and data processing of small targets 1991

作者： Kolitz, Stephan E. Charles Stark Draper Lab. Inc. Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819405906

Problems in multi-sensor data fusion are addressed for passive (angle-only) sensors;the example used is a constellation of IR sensors on satellites in low-earth orbit, viewing up to several hundred ballistic missile targets. The sensor data used in the methodology of the report is 'post-detection,' with targets resolved on single pixels (it is possible for several targets to be resolved on the same pixel). A 'scan' by a sensor is modeled by the formation of a rectangular focal plane image of lit pixels (bits with value 1), representing the presence of at least one target, and unlit pixels (bits with value 0), representing the absence of a target, at a particular time. Approaches and algorithmic solutions are developed which address the following passive sensor data fusion problems: scan-to-scan target association, and association classification. The ultimate objective is to estimate target states, for use in a larger battle management system. Results indicate that successful scan-to-scan target association is feasible at scan rates ≥2 Hz, independent of resolution. Sensor-to-sensor target association is difficult at low resolution;even with high-resolution sensors the performance of a standard two-sensor single scan approach is variable and unpredictable, since it is a function of the relative geometry of sensors and targets. A single-scan approach using the Varad algorithm and three sensors is not as sensitive to this relative geometry, but is usable only for high-resolution sensors. Innovative multi-scan and multi-sensor modifications of the three- sensor Varad algorithm are developed which provide excellent performance for a wide range of sensor resolutions. The multi-sensor multi-scan methodology also provides accurate information on the classification of target associations as correct or incorrect. For the scenarios examined with resolution cell sizes ranging from 300 m to 2 km, association errors are less than 5% and essentially no classification errors are ma

关键词： Radar, Optical

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Enhancement and modelling of signals from natural piezoelectric targets

Enhancement and modelling of signals from natural piezoelect...

引用

作者： Butler, Karl Edward The University of British Columbia

学位级别：硕士

Electromagnetic signals from piezoelectric targets in the earth can be generated using seismic sources and measured with electric or magnetic field receivers. The signals are typically small compared to the ambient electromagnetic noise and are difficult to identify in unprocessed records. Three data processing algorithms involving stacking, low-pass filtering, and sinusoid subtraction have been developed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of piezoelectric data acquired during field experiments. In addition, an analytic modelling technique has been developed to investigate the relationship between seismic and piezoelectric signals. The stacking technique, designed for use with repetitive seismic sources, employs a robust triggering algorithm that enables it to be used effectively even when the trigger signal is poor. High frequency noise is attenuated using a zero phase frequency domain low-pass filter with variable cut-off frequency and slope. The sinusoid subtraction technique is used to remove powerline noise which occurs at frequencies of 60 Hz and its harmonics. The amplitude and phase of each harmonic are estimated by calculating the Fourier series coefficients for that frequency. A sinusoid having the estimated amplitude and phase is then subtracted from the data to remove the harmonic. Remarkable improvements in the signal- to-noise ratio have been achieved by sinusoid subtraction as powerline noise levels typically exceed piezoelectric signal amplitudes by factors ranging from five to a few hundred times. For purposes of analytic modelling, a piezoelectric target is represented by a number of spheres each of which become independently polarized during the passage of a spherical elastic wave. The electric potential at a point in a uniform conductive medium surrounding the target is estimated by summing the potentials due to each of the polarized spheres. It is shown that the form of the electric potential time series generated by a uniformly polarized targ

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Local and remote track-file registration using minimum description length

Local and remote track-file registration using minimum descr...

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signal and data processing of small targets 1991

作者： Kenefic, Richard J. Magnavox Electronic Systems Co. Ft. Wayne IN USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819405906

A blue force platform (own-ship) contains a sensor suite from which a local track file is developed. In addition, using side information from other blue sensors, own-ship develops a remote track file that represents blue forces tracked by red. The origin of the remote track file in the local reference frame (grid reference) is not known by own-ship. To determine if own-ship has been targeted by red forces, own-ship requires the probability that it is in the remote track file. In addition, an estimate of the grid reference is required. The tracks are assumed to consist of a sequence of independent measurements with Gaussian errors. The likelihood function for the local and remote tracks conditioned on the actual object trajectories, grid reference, number of objects and the association between objects and tracks is derived. Unfortunately, the likelihood function is independent of the number of objects, which leads to a situation where the likelihood is maximized when all tracks correspond to distinct objects. This situation is avoided by using the minimum description length (MDL) principle, which includes a term that penalizes an overparameterization of the model. Using MDL, an algorithm is presented for estimating the grid reference and for computing the probability that own-ship is tracked by blue forces. A Monte Carlo performance analysis of the algorithm is presented.

关键词： signal Detection

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Classification of radar signals using the bispectrum

Classification of radar signals using the bispectrum

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： I. Jouny R.L. Moses F.D. Garber Department of Electrical Engineering Lafayette College Easton PA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA Department of Electrical Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH USA

Features extracted from the bispectrum of radar signals are used for classification of unknown radar targets. The classification performance compared with the performance of other classifiers that are not based on higher-order spectral processing of the measured radar data. The radar signals used are experimental measurements that correspond to scattering from real radar targets. The data is corrupted with different types of disturbances that are likely to occur in a typical radar system. Although the number of data samples is relatively small and may be insufficient to produce very accurate bispectral estimates, it is concluded that the bispectrum classifier may outperform other known classifiers under conditions of colored noise and non-Gaussian noise.< >

关键词： Radar scattering Light scattering Radar detection Radar measurements Radar signal processing Additive noise Frequency Time factors Educational institutions Feature extraction

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Matched-filter algorithm for subpixel spectral detection in hyperspectral image data

Matched-filter algorithm for subpixel spectral detection in ...

引用

Infrared Sensors: Detectors, Electronics, and signal processing

作者： Borough, Howard C. Boeing Defense and Space Group Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819406694

Hyperspectral imagery, spatial imagery with associated wavelength data for every pixel, offers a significant potential for improved detection and identification of certain classes of targets. The ability to make spectral identifications of objects which only partially fill a single pixel (due to range or small size) is of considerable interest. Multiband imagery such as Landsat's 5 and 7 band imagery has demonstrated significant utility in the past. Hyperspectral imaging systems with hundreds of spectral bands offer improved performance. To explore the application of different sub pixel spectral detection algorithms a synthesized set of hyperspectral image data (hypercubes) was generated utilizing NASA earth resources and other spectral data. The data was modified using LOWTRAN 7 to model the illumination, atmospheric contributions, attenuations and viewing geometry to represent a nadir view from 10,000 ft. altitude. The base hypercube (HC) represented 16 by 21 spatial pixels with 101 wavelength samples from 0.5 to 2.5 micrometers for each pixel. Insertions were made into the base data to provide random location, random pixel percentage, and random material. Fifteen different hypercubes were generated for blind testing of candidate algorithms. An algorithm utilizing a matched filter in the spectral dimension proved surprisingly good yielding 100% detections for pixels filled greater than 40% with a standard camouflage paint, and a 50% probability of detection for pixels filled 20% with the paint, with no false alarms. The false alarm rate as a function of the number of spectral bands in the range from 101 to 12 bands was measured and found to increase from zero to 50% illustrating the value of a large number of spectral bands. This test was on imagery without system noise;the next step is to incorporate typical system noise sources.

关键词： Infrared Imaging

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CLUTTER REJECTION USING MULTISPECTRAL processing

CLUTTER REJECTION USING MULTISPECTRAL PROCESSING

引用

CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets 1990

作者： STOTTS, LB WINTER, EM HOFF, LE REED, IS Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403563

The DARPA MUSIC program is presently collecting data to support multi-spectral infrared target detection in clutter. The plan of the MUSIC program is discussed first, followed by the theoretical basis of multi-spectral and recursive moving target indicator (RMTI) processing. An example using data from the MUSIC sensor is presented. In this example spectral-spatial processing of two bands is compared to registration and temporal processing of a single band.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Target detection signal processing data processing Infrared radiation Radar Image registration Long wavelength infrared signal to noise ratio

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TARGET TRACKING BY A HUMAN OPERATOR

TARGET TRACKING BY A HUMAN OPERATOR

引用

CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets 1990

作者： TOUMODGE, SS The Aerospace Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403563

In this paper target tracking as an hierarchical information extraction process is defined and spatio-temporal factors in vision affecting motion detection are briefly discussed. The relativistic aspects of motion perception which quantify perceived extent, time, and velocity of moving objects are introduced. A systems approach to the operator-display interaction is also investigated and the role of the human operator as an optimal position and velocity estimator and controller is presented.

关键词： data processing signal processing Eye Visualization Target detection Optical tracking Retina Visual system signal detection Head

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ON THE DOPPLER DOMAIN LOCALIZED GENERALIZED-LIKELIHOOD-RATIO DETECTOR

ON THE DOPPLER DOMAIN LOCALIZED GENERALIZED-LIKELIHOOD-RATIO...

引用

CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets 1990

作者： WANG, H CAI, L Syracuse Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403563

Studied in this paper is the problem of achieving the optimum MTI detection performance in strong clutterof unknown spectrum, when the set of data available to the estimation of clutter statistics is small due to a severely nonhomogeneous environment. A new adaptive implementation, called the Doppler Domain Localized Generalized Likelihood Ratio processor (DDL—GLR), is ProPosed and its detection performance-derived. It is shown that the DDL-GLR is a data-efficient implementation of the high-order optimum detector, together with several advantages of practical importance over other adaptive processors.

关键词： Doppler effect signal processing Sensors data processing signal detection Target detection Statistical analysis Fourier transforms Information operations Environmental sensing

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MEASUREMENT-BASED NEURAL NET MULTITARGET TRACKER

MEASUREMENT-BASED NEURAL NET MULTITARGET TRACKER

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CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets 1990

作者： YEE, M CASASENT, D Carnegie Mellon Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403563

A neural network solution to the data association problem in multitarget tracking is presented. This requires position and velocity measurements of the targets over two consecutive time frames. A quadratic neural energy function results that is suitable for an optical processing implementation. Realistic target trajectories are simulated, yielding several different scenarios with spurious measurements (clutter) and measurement noise, which are used to test the tracking ability of the neural network. Simulation results are presented, and an overall tracking system using the neural net, Kalman filters, and a Hough transform subsystem is discussed.

关键词： Neurons Neural networks data processing Distance measurement Velocity measurements signal processing Time metrology Error analysis Missiles Optical tracking

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