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16th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Ng, LN Ronda, V Lim, ET Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

A Vertical-Strip Least Mean Squared (VSLMS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the detection of small moving targets in IR image sequences. This algorithm is an improvement over the Two-Dimensional LMS (TDLMS), which is designed to detect small targets within highly correlated background of static images. This paper focuses on processing IR image sequences with different background features with layers of sky, sea and land clutter. The VSLMS uses multiple LMS modules and a different scanning method to process individual lines in the IR image sequences. Simulation results show successful enhancement of very small targets in an IR mage sequence.

关键词： VSLMS IR image sequences TDLMS

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NEW METHOD OF DETECTING MOVING DIM POINT targets IN IMAGE SEQUENCES

NEW METHOD OF DETECTING MOVING DIM POINT TARGETS IN IMAGE SE...

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5TH CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets

作者： LIU, B SHEN, ZK LI, ZY SUN, ZK Changsha Institute of Technology (China)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411906

In this paper, we present a new method for detecting moving dim point targets in image sequences. The algorithm calculates autocorrelation function of projected images including segments of moving target track. The correlation can enhance target intensity and reduce noises. Then, we use Hough transform to determine straight line tracks of targets and to remove false alarm points. The signal-to-noise ratio of images in our experiences is less than 3. Simulation results show that our method can detect the moving targets effectively and is feasible.

关键词： Target detection Image segmentation signal to noise ratio Detection and tracking algorithms Hough transforms Image processing Image processing algorithms and systems Image transmission Infrared imaging Infrared radiation

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MULTIPLE-TARGET TRACKING WITH MULTIPLE FRAME, PROBABILISTIC data ASSOCIATION

MULTIPLE-TARGET TRACKING WITH MULTIPLE FRAME, PROBABILISTIC ...

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5TH CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets

作者： DRUMMOND, OE Hughes Missile Systems Co. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411906

Probabilistic data association approaches are described for tracking multiple targets. These approaches employ multiple frames of data in the data association processing. These approaches offer improved performance over Joint Probabilistic data Association tracking. This improved performance is obtained, however, at the expense of increased processing load. In the algorithms are design parameters that can be selected to adjust to suit a specific application. The concept of retrodicted hypothesis probability is introduced. Retrodicted hypothesis probabilities are used in an effort to better approximate optimal tracking. Some of these algorithms are retrospective in that, as each new frame of sensor data becomes available, earlier tracks are modified and these changes impact subsequent tracks.

关键词： Composites Detection and tracking algorithms Target recognition Sensors Logic Matrices data processing Algorithm development Filtering (signal processing) Error analysis

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AMBIGUITIES IN EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE TARGET TRACKING ALGORITHMS

AMBIGUITIES IN EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE TARGET TRA...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： DRUMMOND, OE FRIDLING, BE General Dynamics Corp. (United States) Institute for Defense Analyses (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

Evaluating performance of tracking algorithms is straightforward for a simulation with a single target and one computed track. Performance evaluation with multiple targets, on the other hand, is complex due to ambiguities that create confusion about which target goes with a track. The ambiguities are caused by misassociations or unresolved closely spaced objects. Various considerations in choosing a methodology for performance evaluation to handle these ambiguities are discussed. An approach to assigning tracks to targets is described that takes these considerations into account.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms signal processing Sensors Computer simulations Monte Carlo methods data processing Distance measurement Error analysis Electromagnetic simulation Environmental sensing

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Motion compensation for adaptive horizontal line array processing

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JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003年第1期113卷 245-260页

作者： Yang, TC USN Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA

Large aperture horizonial line arrays have small resolution cells and can be used to separate a target signal from an interference signal by array beamforming. High-resolution adaptive array processing can be used to place a null at the interference signal so that the array gain can be much higher than that of conventional beamforming. But these nice features are significantly degraded by the source motion, which reduces the time period under which the environment, can be considered stationary from the array processing point of view. For adaptive array, processing, a large number of data samples are generally required to minimize the variance of the cross-spectral density, or the covariance matrix, between the array elements. For a moving source and interference, the penalty of integrating over a large number of samples is the spread of signal and interference energy to more than one or two eigenvalues. The signal and interference are no longer clearly identified by the eigenvectors and, consequently, the ability to suppress the interference suffers. We show in this paper that the effect of source motion can be compensated for the (signal) beam covariance matrix., thus allowing integration over a large number of data samples without loss in the signal beam power. We employ an equivalent of a rotating coordinate frame to track the signal bearing change and use the waveguide invariant theory to compensate the signal range change by frequency shifting. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America.

关键词： resolution cell Array processing cross spectral density Motion compensation data sampling adaptive antenna arrays Array Element Horizon signals FREQUENCY SHIFT interfering signal variance covariance matrix

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Tracking of two closely spaced objects using monopulse measurements

Tracking of two closely spaced objects using monopulse measu...

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17th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Isaac, A Zhang, X Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819459186

The ultimate goal of this paper is to track two closely spaced and unresolved targets using monopulse radar measurements, the quality of such tracking being a determinant of successful detection of target spawn. It explores statistical estimation techniques based on the maximum likelihood criterion and Gibbs sampling, and addresses concerns about the accuracy of the measurements delivered thereby. In particular, the Gibbs approach can deliver joint measurements (and the associated covariances) from both targets, and it is therefore natural to consider a joint filter. The ideas are compared, and amongst the various strategies discussed, a particle filter that operates directly on the monopulse measurements is especially promising.

关键词： Radar Filtering (signal processing) Detection and tracking algorithms Particle filters Target detection Particles signal processing Monte Carlo methods signal to noise ratio Statistical analysis

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Wavelet analysis based detection algorithm for infrared image small target in background of sea and sky 3

Wavelet analysis based detection algorithm for infrared imag...

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3rd International Symposium on Image and signal processing and Analysis (ISPA)

作者： Wei, Y Shi, ZL Yu, HB Chinese Acad Sci Shenyang Inst Automat Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)953184061X

An automatic target detection algorithm is developed for infrared image small target in complicate background of sea and sky. Wavelet multiresolution edge detection algorithm is adopted to detect the sea-level line from coarse to fine. A strip can be decided accordingly as the potential area where the naval vessel targets in infrared images usually appear. We realized target detection by defining an energy called Mutual Wavelet Energy Combination (MWEC). The detection is completed by marking the position where the energy is assumed the maximum and calculating size of the target by comparing the dissimilarity between a couple of windows. Experiment results indicate that the method can detect and locate small targets precisely in an infrared image with high detection probability.

关键词： image recognition automatic target detection wavelet multiresolution analysis edge detection sea-level line

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RANGE, VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE ESTIMATION OF targets TRACKED THROUGH ATMOSPHERIC CHANNEL

RANGE, VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE ESTIMATION OF TARGETS TRACKE...

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4TH CONF ON THE signal AND data processing OF small targets 1992

作者： COOKE, R NOWAKOWSKI, J Riverside Research Institute (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408638

A multispectral passive sensor may be used to measure the range to an object, provided that the light emitted is described by a black (gray) body distribution, and atmospheric attenuation coefficients between receiver and target are known. With additional time evolution passive measurements, it may be possible to estimate target range and radial velocity with more limited amount of information on atmospheric channel properties. In this paper we establish limits on the accuracy of range and velocity estimation using selected statistical models and LOWTRAN VII generated atmospheric scenarios. The results presented and the methodology developed are important in determination of the limits of infrared sensing and for a critical evaluation of possible advantage of hybrid passive-active or passive only sensors in various scenarios.

关键词： Sensors signal attenuation Atmospheric modeling Atmospheric optics Atmospheric sensing Error analysis signal processing data processing signal detection Mass attenuation coefficient

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APPLICATIONS OF signal AND data-processing TECHNOLOGY TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MONITORING

APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL AND DATA-PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY TO VEH...

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5TH CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets

作者： BLACKMAN, SS BUSCH, MT CANTRELL, SW MUSIAL, CJ Hughes Aircraft Co. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411906

This paper describes how optical sensor signal processing and data association methods that have been developed for Aerospace applications can be applied to the traffic monitoring function of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). It first discusses techniques that have been developed for background estimation and detection of vehicles on a roadway. Then, the transformation to tracking coordinates and the multiple target tracking (MTT) algorithm that produces traffic flow observation data are outlined. An extended Kalman filter that takes observed flow data from multiple sensor sites and produces flow estimates for an entire roadway is described and its application to incident detection discussed. Preliminary results using simulated and actual freeway data are presented. Finally, techniques for presenting this data to the user and the manner in which these signal and data processing techniques relate to an overall ATMS design are outlined.

关键词： Sensors Video data processing Cameras Filtering (signal processing) Roads Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms signal processing Video surveillance

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TARGET TRACKING BY A HUMAN OPERATOR

TARGET TRACKING BY A HUMAN OPERATOR

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CONF ON signal AND data processing OF small targets 1990

作者： TOUMODGE, SS The Aerospace Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403563

In this paper target tracking as an hierarchical information extraction process is defined and spatio-temporal factors in vision affecting motion detection are briefly discussed. The relativistic aspects of motion perception which quantify perceived extent, time, and velocity of moving objects are introduced. A systems approach to the operator-display interaction is also investigated and the role of the human operator as an optimal position and velocity estimator and controller is presented.

关键词： data processing signal processing Eye Visualization Target detection Optical tracking Retina Visual system signal detection Head

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