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Detection and Localization of Multiple Unresolved Extended targets via Monopulse Radar signal processing

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2009年第2期45卷 455-472页

作者： Zhang, Xin Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov United Technol Res Ctr E Hartford CT 06108 USA Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

When the size of targets is comparable to the range resolution of monopulse radars, these targets should be considered as extended rather than point targets. If several closely-spaced targets fall within the same radar beam and between adjacent matched filter samples in range, the full monopulse information from all of these samples can and should be used to resolve these targets, i.e., estimate the number of targets and their respective angles-of-arrival and ranges. To detect and localize multiple unresolved extended targets, we establish a model for monopulse radar returns from extended objects, and present a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to localize the targets. Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) criterion will be used to decide the number of existing extended objects. We also derive the upper limit on the number of targets and their scattering centers that can be resolved, and we provide necessary conditions for these targets to be uniquely identified. We compare the new extended target monopulse processing scheme with previously developed point-target monopulse techniques in the simulations.

关键词： RADAR ELECTRONIC pulse techniques ELECTRONIC systems signal processing -- Digital techniques MACHINE theory

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Time-space transform:A novel signal processing approach for an acoustic vector-sensor

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第4期56卷 135-145页

作者： LIANG GuoLong MA Wei WANG YiLin Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology Harbin Engineering University

A new signal processing method using a single vector hydrophone is proposed for solving the problem of azimuth angle estimation for multiple targets based on a small aperture underwater *** method extends the aperture from a single vector hydrophone into a half wavelength distance uniform linear array by decomposing the time-domain sample data from different channels of the *** extended array has a narrower space beam pattern than a single vector *** azimuths of spatial multiple targets are estimated by using the appended array snapshots under the condition of broadband or narrow band *** new method is robust because there is no need to correct the array *** analysis and computer simulations show that,the new algorithm has the ability to distinguish two incoherent targets with either narrow band or broadband signals in an isotropic noise *** algorithm provides a non-biased estimate with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

关键词： time space transform beam forming DOA MUSIC single vector hydrophone

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data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Poisson multiple target tracking

Data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Po...

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16th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Mori, S Chong, CY ALPHATECH Inc Mountain View CA 94040 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

This paper discusses the evaluation of data association hypotheses for a general class of multiple target tracking problems. We assume that the number of targets is unknown, and that given the number of targets, the joint target state distributions form a system of independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) probability distributions. We are particularly interested in the case where the prior probability distribution of the number of targets is not necessarily Poisson. We will show that the Poisson assumption is not only sufficient but also necessary for the commonly used standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula. Consequently, we claim that the use of the standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula implies, either explicitly or implicitly, the Poisson assumption. We will also examine the Poisson assumption on the number of false alarms in each measurement set.

关键词： multiple target tracking data association hypothesis evaluation IID cluster non-Poisson point process

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A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile enhancement for use in automatic target recognition

A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile ...

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16th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Morris, HC DePass, MM San Jose State Univ Dept Math San Jose CA 95192 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Cetin(1-2) has applied non-quadratic optimization methods to produce feature-enhanced high-range resolution (ERR) radar profiles. This work concerned ground-based targets and was carried-out in the temporal domain. In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based-half-quadratic technique(3) for ground-to-air target identification. The method is tested on simulated data generated by standard techniques(4). This analysis shows the ability of the proposed method to recover high-resolution features such as the locations and amplitudes of the dominant scatterers in the HRR profile. This suggests that the technique potentially may help improve the performance of HRR target recognition systems.

关键词： high range-resolution radar wavelets signal reconstruction non-quadratic optimization superresolution

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Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

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16th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sworder, DD Boyd, JE Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Hybrid models have proven useful for tracking targets with multiple motion modes. Most emphasis in the literature has been devoted to aircraft which transition from constant velocity motion to constant (or nearly constant) turns and back. Ground targets motions have received less attention despite similarities with aircraft. This paper presents a study of the ground-tracking problem using the Gaussian wavelet estimator as the basic algorithm. The sensor suite contains a matrix of range-bearing sensors of quality that is strongly range dependent. There also may be an acoustic sensor which provides an auxiliary speed measurement. It is shown that the high degree of partitioning of the kinematic state space provided by the algorithm is useful in this application.

关键词： nonlinear filters target tracking data fusion

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Improvement of small target detection based on tensorial filtering

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REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2015年第10期6卷 765-774页

作者： Bourennane, S. Fossati, C. Aix Marseille Univ Ecole Cent Marseille Inst Fresnel CNRS Marseille France

Target detection is a key issue in processing hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, current spectral-identification-based algorithms are sensitive to noise during acquisition of the data. In most cases, the denoising algorithms cannot preserve small targets. In this paper, to overcome this problem, we propose a new algorithm which reduces noise to improve the target detection efficiency of HSI with small targets. First, a three-dimensional wavelet packet transform (3D-WPT) is used to decompose the HSI into several coefficient sets and models each coefficient set as a tensor. Then we exploit a powerful multilinear algebra model named parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to filter each tensor. The experiments conducted in both simulated and real-world hyperspectral images demonstrated the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems FILTERING theory (signal processing) COMPUTER algorithms signal denoising data acquisition systems FACTOR analysis TENSOR algebra

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24 GHz FMCW MIMO Radar for Marine Target Localization: A Feasibility Study

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 68240-68256页

作者： Gennarelli, Gianluca Noviello, Carlo Ludeno, Giovanni Esposito, Giuseppe Soldovieri, Francesco Catapano, Ilaria Natl Res Council Italy Inst Electromagnet Sensing Environm I-80124 Naples Italy

Radar detection and tracking of targets in the marine environment are common tasks performed to ensure the safe navigation of ships or monitor traffic in harbor areas. More recently, radar technology has been proposed to support the collision avoidance system of autonomous surface vehicles, which are characterized by severe constraints in terms of payload and space. The paper investigates the performance of a small and lightweight 24 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar, originally developed for automotive applications, to localize marine targets at short range. A complete signal processing strategy is presented combining MIMO radar imaging, detection, and tracking algorithms. The validation of the proposed signal processing chain is firstly performed thanks to numerical tests based on synthetic data. After, results of experimental trials carried out in the marine environment are reported. These results demonstrate that the considered radar together with the adopted signal processing strategy allows the localization of static targets and the tracking of moving targets with satisfactory performance, thus encouraging its use in marine environments.

关键词： Radar Radar tracking Target tracking Radar detection Radar antennas MIMO radar signal processing Detection FMCW marine environment MIMO radar signal processing tracking

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Multiresolution Hierarchical Target Detection in High-Resolution Maritime Surveillance Radars

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2024年第5期60卷 5937-5956页

作者： Zhang, Xiao-Jun Chang, Si-Yuan Xue, Yu-Fan Shui, Peng-Lang Xidian Univ Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China

High-resolution maritime surveillance radars need to detect small targets and moderate/large targets such as ships in short/medium-distance regions. At a single-range resolution, radar echoes of moderate/large targets severely affect the detection of small targets around them. In this article, a simple digital filtering method is given to realize range resolution conversion by which multiresolution radar echoes data are generated from high-range resolution data. As one of the main contributions, the compound-Gaussian model with inverse Gaussian textures (CGIG) is extended to characterize multiresolution sea clutter. Moreover, an across-resolution parameter estimation method is proposed to estimate the parameters of the multiresolution CGIG model based on across-resolution moment relationship. The other contribution is a hierarchical target detection scheme in the multiresolution CGIG clutter model. Simple nonadaptive noncoherent integration detectors are used at lower resolution channels to detect moderate/large targets and adaptive near-optimum coherent detectors in the CGIG-distributed sea clutter are adopted at higher resolution channels to detect small targets using the detections from the lower resolution channels as the prior information on environment. Finally, the multiresolution CGIG model and hierarchical target detection scheme are examined by an X-band island-based measured data using an unmanned aerial vehicle as a test target.

关键词： Clutter signal resolution Spatial resolution Radar cross-sections Filtering Radar detection Object detection

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A dynamic approach to efficiently clustering and predicting groups for moving targets

A dynamic approach to efficiently clustering and predicting ...

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16th Conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Ma, DY Zhang, AD SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Effective and efficient approaches to monitor and manage maneuvering objects are of great importance in various applications, such as wide battlefields, traffics, and wireless communications. Modern airborne radar sensors can provide wide-area surveillance coverage of ground activities. The huge volume of radar data renders it impractical and inefficient to examine all the activities of individual moving object. Clustering moving objects and predicting motion tendencies of large groups are becoming a crucial issue for optimizing resource distribution and formulating sound decisions. However, most traditional clustering techniques are static-object-oriented and not effective at clustering maneuvering objects. In addition, the radar data intermittence and noise data, which are caused by extraneous objects and stationary clutter background, are major difficulties in clustering and predicting groups. In this paper, we present a dynamic-object-oriented clustering approach to detecting and predicting large group activities over time. We propose a "core member" concept to support dynamic-object-oriented clustering and to mitigate the effects of data intermittence and noise data. In general, some special targets always tend to remain in a constant group and stay near the center of that group. To a large extent, the movement of these targets represents the activity of the entire group. To exploit this characteristic, we consider these special targets to be core members of their own cluster. The movements of the core members can help us detect clusters and predict their future movements. The performance and results of the application of our approach to CASTFOREM data sets are also presented.

关键词： Radar Detection and tracking algorithms Filtering (signal processing) Target detection Electronic filtering Sensors data modeling Surveillance Wireless communications signal detection

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signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets

Signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for high...

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Conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Sinha, A Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a novel signal processor combined with a tracker/radar resource allocator based on the Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic data Association (IMMPDA) estimator is presented for tracking highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets. An advanced monopulse processing technique, which uses the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach and yields separate angle measurements for two targets in the same radar beam and same range cell, i.e., they are unresolved, is developed. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of tracking performance, over techniques using the monopulse ratio for the same problem. The standard monopulse ratio technique of extracting angles yields a single merged measurement when the targets are unresolved, resulting in track coalescence. The signal processor and tracker were coupled with a radar resource allocator to minimize the radar resources required to track the target while maintaining a low track loss and ensuring high estimation accuracies.

关键词： Radar signal processing Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection signal to noise ratio Monte Carlo methods Antennas Computer simulations Radar signal processing data modeling

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