A problem of local field for 2D regular and weakly non- regular arrays of bi-anisotropic particles is considered. Such arrays are excited by an incident plane electromagnetic wave. The local field is formed by inciden...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
A problem of local field for 2D regular and weakly non- regular arrays of bi-anisotropic particles is considered. Such arrays are excited by an incident plane electromagnetic wave. The local field is formed by incident wave and by all the particles besides an arbitrary chosen particle under consideration which can be named as zero-particle. For infinite or very large arrays we can express the local fields with only tow vector complex values which are to be defined in frames of the separate problem of an exciting and scattering by such grids. But the equations relating electric and magnetic dipole moments of zero-particle with an incident wave field are that we find in this paper. Since these moments can be easily related with the surface density of electric and magnetic moments averaged on the grid surface the equations under consideration are analogues with the known local field formulae in theories of 3D media. Our relations are given by several dyadics which are named below as key dyadics.
Nonlinear modeling and control methods can be used to increase the usable range of operation of Terfenol-D. Presently, in dynamic applications the usable range of Terfenol-D is often limited to approximately 850ppm. T...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Nonlinear modeling and control methods can be used to increase the usable range of operation of Terfenol-D. Presently, in dynamic applications the usable range of Terfenol-D is often limited to approximately 850ppm. This limitation is imposed by harmonic distortion, spurious vibration, and/or tracking error considerations. These nonlinear effects are due to large variations in the magnetoelastic parameters and hysteresis. The preliminary results of this program indicate that a large performance advantage may be gained through proper control of the nonlinearities. As an example, a recently designed reaction mass actuator that weighs 1.125lbm can produce peak forces as high as 125lbf. However, to limit the open-loop total harmonic distortion to less than 2 percent requires that peak forces be limited to roughly 65lbf. To determine the magnetoelastic parameters, quasi-static experiments were performed with a specially designed apparatus. The research included modeling and simulation based on the static nonlinear magnetoelastic equations. Under assumptions of quasi-static magnetoelastic behavior, a fourth-order linear model was extended with the static nonlinearities. The model is compared with preliminary experiments. These types of models will allow nonlinear control strategies to be developed for Terfenol-D based actuators, thus extending the harmonic-free operating range.
Disturbances attenuation, typically up to 200 Hz, onboard satellites is a key issue for advanced optical space systems with stringent spatial and temporal resolution requirements. Under ESA contract, Matra Marconi Spa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Disturbances attenuation, typically up to 200 Hz, onboard satellites is a key issue for advanced optical space systems with stringent spatial and temporal resolution requirements. Under ESA contract, Matra Marconi Space has conducted an ambitious proof-of-concept programme aiming at designing and demonstrating through prototypes and test innovative active vibration damping systems. In particular, a centralized anti-phase control (APC) system operating on distributed sensors and actuators to compensate stationary harmonic disturbances has been breadboarded and tested. The APC algorithm involves three major functions: (i) extraction of the harmonics signal by synchronous demodulation, (ii) identification of the complex gains between sensors and actuators using a recursive least squares algorithm, and (iii) anti-phase computation. The control algorithm has been implemented on a real-time test bench based on a fast DSP computer. The experiment has been performed on an engineering model of a representative space platform, namely MARCOTS. The measured performances, i.e. harmonic rejection at the controlled frequencies, range from 20 to 40 dB and are consistent with predictions from numerical simulations. Finally, a major advantage of the APC algorithm is intrinsic robustness to actuator failures, without performance impact for a single failure and 10 dB degradation for a double failure.
Sound radiation from a plate into an acoustic cavity is controlled using patches of active piezoelectric-damping composites (APDC). The APDC, under consideration, consists of piezoelectric fibers embedded across the t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Sound radiation from a plate into an acoustic cavity is controlled using patches of active piezoelectric-damping composites (APDC). The APDC, under consideration, consists of piezoelectric fibers embedded across the thickness of a visco-elastic matrix in order to control the compressional damping characteristics of the composite. The effectiveness of the APDC treatments in attenuating the sound radiation from thin plates into cavities is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. A finite element model (FEM) is developed to describe the dynamic interaction between the plate, the APDC patches and the acoustic cavity. The FEM is used to predict the dynamics of the plate/acoustic cavity and the sound pressure distribution for different control strategies. The predictions of the FEM are validated experimentally using a square aluminum plate whose sides are 29.8 cm and thickness of 0.04 cm. The plate is mounted on a 29.8 cm × 29.8 cm × 75 cm cavity. The test plate is treated with a single APDC patch placed at the plate center. The patch is 5 cm × 5 cm × 0.03125 cm which is made of 15-25 percent lead zirconate titanate fibers embedded in soft and hard polymeric resin matrices and provided with silver-epoxy electrodes. Vibration and sound pressure level attenuations of about 70 percent are obtained a the plate/cavity first mode of vibration, with a maximum control voltage of 330 volts using a derivative feedback controller. Such attenuations are attributed to the effectiveness of the APDC treatment in increasing the modal damping ratios by about a factor of four over those of conventional passive constrained layer damping treatments. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions of the FEM with the experimental results indicate close agreement between theory and experiments. The obtained results suggest the potential of the APDC treatments in controlling the sound radiation from plates into acoustic cavities. Such potential can be exploited in many critical applicati
The proceedings contains 60 papers. Following topics are discussed: control of smartstructures;shape memory alloys;mathematics of control;ferroelectric materials;control theory;finite element modeling;active/passive ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
The proceedings contains 60 papers. Following topics are discussed: control of smartstructures;shape memory alloys;mathematics of control;ferroelectric materials;control theory;finite element modeling;active/passive hybrid adaptive structures;and vibrations and modeling.
Neural network based predictive control for random vibration suppression has been demonstrated on a cantilevered beam with bonded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. This real time system is run on a 60 MHz Pentium p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
Neural network based predictive control for random vibration suppression has been demonstrated on a cantilevered beam with bonded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. This real time system is run on a 60 MHz Pentium processor and is considered a stepping stone to both adaptive flutter suppression and buffet load alleviation in advanced aerospace vehicle. An extended neural control system using Intel/Nestor's ETANN analog neural network chip is discussed. Generalized neural predictive control uses a neural network based model of a system to make predictions about the effect of future control signals on the response of the system. These predictions can be used with a tailored performance index to determine the optimal control signal for the modeled system. A comparison of this approach with both PID and pole placement control methods shows ease of implementation comparable to that of the PID controller with the approximate performance of the pole placement method. The advantages of neural control over conventional control techniques include a simpler and more cost effective design methodology as well as the capability to learn on-line the time varying nature of a system due to wear, loss of actuators, or other causes.
smartstructures lend themselves naturally to a decentralized control design framework, especially with adaptation mechanisms. The main reason being that it is highly undesirable to connect all the sensors and actuato...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
smartstructures lend themselves naturally to a decentralized control design framework, especially with adaptation mechanisms. The main reason being that it is highly undesirable to connect all the sensors and actuators in a large structure to a central processor. It is rather desirable to have local decision-making at each smart patch. Furthermore, this local controllers should be easily `expandable' to `contractible.' This corresponds to the fact that addition/deletion of several smart patches should not require a total redesign of the control system. The decentralized control strategies advocated in this paper are of expandable/contractible type. On another front, we are considering utilization of micro-strip antennas for power transfer to and from smartstructures. We have made preliminary contributions in this direction and further developments are underway. These approaches are being pursued for active vibration damping and noise cancellation via piezoelectric ceramics although the methodology is general enough to be applicable to other type of active structures.
An active vibration control of a smart flexible structure featuring a piezofilm actuator is presented in this study. A governing equation of motion for the smart beam structure is derived and a state space model is ob...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
An active vibration control of a smart flexible structure featuring a piezofilm actuator is presented in this study. A governing equation of motion for the smart beam structure is derived and a state space model is obtained in order to formulate a controller. A new discrete- time sliding mode controller is proposed for a single-input linear system with mismatched uncertainties. The main difference between the discrete-time sliding mode control and the continuous-time sliding mode control is the determination of the existence condition of the sliding mode. In the discrete-time case, both the sliding condition and the convergence condition must be satisfied. In the design of the discontinuous controller, a time-varying gain that is a function of the relation between predetermined sliding surface and representative points in the state space is adopted to minimize a sliding region. In addition, for faster reaching to the sliding surface, an equivalent controller separation method is employed. The proposed controller is applied to the smart structure, and control responses of transient and forced vibrations are evaluated by undertaking both simulation and experiment.
This paper considers an optimal control problem constrained by coupled hyperbolic and parabolic-like dynamics arising in an acoustic structure interaction. A numerical algorithm, based on the FEM, is formulated for co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
This paper considers an optimal control problem constrained by coupled hyperbolic and parabolic-like dynamics arising in an acoustic structure interaction. A numerical algorithm, based on the FEM, is formulated for computations of solutions to associated Matrix Algebraic Riccati Equations. Results of a numerical simulation of the algorithm are presented.
In this paper a set of controllability and observability conditions are proposed for vibration control systems with viscoelastic damping. Both conditions are stated in terms of the eigenstructures (eigenvalues and eig...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
In this paper a set of controllability and observability conditions are proposed for vibration control systems with viscoelastic damping. Both conditions are stated in terms of the eigenstructures (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) of the control systems under consideration. They are similar to the well known eigenvector tests, except that to determine controllability, the knowledge of the stress-strain relations of the viscoelastic damping material is needed in addition to the modal information.
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