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检索条件"任意字段=Smart Structures and Materials 1994: Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures"

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Analog and digital feedback for magnetostrictive transducer linearization

Analog and digital feedback for magnetostrictive transducer ...

引用

smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Zrostlik, Rick L. Hall, David L. Flatau, Alison B. Iowa State Univ. Ames IA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

Terfenol-D is a `giant' magnetostrictive material offering mechanical strains on the order of 1000 × 10-6 m/m. Dynamic transducers constructed using Terfenol-D as the motion source offer displacements based on approximately ± 500 μ strain. These transducers are known to be nonlinear;however, in some applications they can be treated as linear systems and their behavior approximated by the classic pair of linear transduction equations. This approximation is made in this study to facilitate analysis. Several simple analog and digital controllers are used with acceleration feedback to improve transducer linearity. A nonlinearity of particular importance when using Terfenol-D transducers is wave form distortion. The distortion is a result of nonlinear strains vs. magnetization relationships and the magnetic hysteresis occurring within the Terfenol-D. The net result is the presence of integer harmonics in the transducer voltage, current, and output velocity. Assuming the harmonics to be disturbances, an expression is developed for predicting the change in harmonic amplitudes of acceleration as a function of frequency and parameters for the controller, load, and transducer. Experimental measurements comparing controlled and uncontrolled output accelerations are presented to validate the approach. A significant extension of the linear range of transducer behavior, due to feedback control, is also demonstrated.

关键词： control theory

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Design considerations for active constrained layer damping treatments

Design considerations for active constrained layer damping t...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Austin, Eric M. Inman, Daniel J. Huang, S.C. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

Active constrained layer damping consists of either replacing or augmenting the constraining layer for a viscoelastic material with piezoceramic actuators in an attempt to improve vibration suppression properties by synergism between passive and active damping techniques. An important question in such configurations is whether the reduction in actuation ability of the piezoceramic on the beam due to a relatively soft viscoelastic layer is compensated for by enhanced passive damping due to increased shear in the viscoelastic material. Some tradeoffs between pure passive, pure active control, and active constrained layer damping are discussed here. Velocity feedback and LQR are investigated. Several authors have researched and developed formulations for active constrained layer damping techniques. The approach presented here differs from most in that it employs an energy principle for the equations of a beam with partial active/passive constrained layer damping transients. An offshoot of this is the thickness of the viscoelastic layer can be arbitrarily small (even zero), thus opening up the possibility of simulating the realistic design problem where the optimal sizing, length, and thickness of a treatment is subject to a total thickness restriction. The results show that the active constrained layer damping treatment provides better vibration suppression than passive damping treatments, and it even out performs pure active control for low-gain applications.

关键词： Vibration control

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Performance characteristics of active constrained layer damping versus passive constrained layer damping with active control

Performance characteristics of active constrained layer damp...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Chen, T. Baz, Amr M. Catholic Univ. of America Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

The shear strains in the visco-elastic cores of beams controlled by Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatments are determined and compared with those of beams controlled by Active control (AC) and conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD) treatments. Such comparison is essential in quantifying the individual contribution of the active and passive damping components, to the overall damping characteristics, when each operates separately and when both are combined to interact in unison as in the ACLD treatments. The comparisons are based on distributed-parameter and finite element models which describe the behavior of beams controlled by ACLD as well as beams treated by AC and PCLD treatments. The distributed-parameter models give closed-form expressions for the energy dissipation characteristics of the ACLD treatments in comparison with those of the AC/PCLD treatments. Also, the finite element models are validated experimentally using visco-elastic cores which are photo-elastic in order to study the distribution of the shear strains inside these cores. The results obtained indicate that the ACLD treatments are capable of developing shear deformations, in the visco-elastic cores, higher than those generated by the AC/PCLD treatments when the ratio of the longitudinal rigidity of the constraining layer to that of the base beam is less than 1. With such enhanced shear deformation capabilities, the ACLD treatments can develop high damping and effective attenuation of the vibration of critical systems as the blades of rotorcrafts.

关键词： Vibration control

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Induced strain actuation of bending-extension coupled composite split cylinders

Induced strain actuation of bending-extension coupled compos...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Tang, Po-Yun Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Cent. San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A beam-type model has been developed for antisymmetric cross-ply laminated split cylindrical shells bonded to their concave sides with actuators, such as relatively thick lead zirconium titanate drivers. The model properly accounts for the bending-extension (b-e) coupling properties of the antisymmetric cross-ply laminates and the effects of stiffness and density of the actuators. Using this model, solutions have been obtained for simply-supported actuator- shells under direct-voltage actuation, free vibration, and sinusoidal-voltage actuation. From the solutions, analytical formulas have been derived to evaluate the bending deformation increase and fundamental frequency reduction of such actuator-shells due to the b-e coupling properties. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of low-frequency wall- driven acoustic projectors, including split cylindrical transducers with the actuator-radiator configurations under the study. As is well known, the basic acoustic radiation mechanism of all these projectors is the conversion of the extensional deformation of the actuator into the bending motion of the radiator. Hence, it seems beneficial to use a radiator material with inherent b-e coupling properties. Indeed, application of the above-mentioned formulas to the existing laminates demonstrates that substantial bending deformation increase and fundamental frequency reduction of the split cylinders can be achieved.

关键词： Cylinders (shapes)

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control of sound radiation from a NITINOL-reinforced plate into an acoustic cavity

Control of sound radiation from a NITINOL-reinforced plate i...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Ro, J. Baz, Amr M. Catholic Univ. of America Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

The sound radiation from vibrating NITINOL-reinforced plates coupled with acoustic cavities are controlled by heating sets of shape memory alloy (NITINOL) fibers embedded along the neutral planes of these plates. Thermal, dynamic and acoustic finite element models are developed to study the fundamental phenomena governing the coupling between the dynamics of the NITINOL plates and the acoustic cavities. The models are used to compute the frequencies, mode shapes and sound radiation for different initial tensions and activation strategies of the NITINOL fibers. The predictions of the models are validated experimentally using a square glassfiber/polyester resin plate, whose sides are 19 cm and thickness is 0.254 cm, mounted on a 19 cm × 19 cm × 38 cm cavity. The plate is reinforced with 58 NITINOL fibers that are 0.55 mm in diameter which are embedded inside vulcanized rubber sleeves placed at the plate mid-plane. The results obtained indicate close agreement between the theory and experiments. Also, it is shown that activating all the NITINOL fibers results in increasing the first mode of vibration from 240 Hz to 277.5 Hz and increasing the corresponding loss factor from 0.014 to 0.039. Such significant shift of the modal characteristics of the plates results in suppressing the amplitude of vibration of the plate by 76% and attenuating the sound pressure level radiated inside the cavity by 62%. Therefore, the experimentally validated theoretical models presented in this paper provide invaluable means for predicting sound radiation from NITINOL-reinforced plates in coupled acoustic cavity.

关键词： Vibration control

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Development of a control system for a nonlinear Terfenol-D actuator

Development of a control system for a nonlinear Terfenol-D a...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： D'Annunzio, Camille M. Reimers, Ann Chassaing, Charles E. Radix Systems Inc. Rockville MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A promising use of Terfenol-D is as the actuating element in mechanical actuators. Actuators made from Terfenol-D take advantage of the material's large displacement capabilities, high energy and relatively wide bandwidth. Terfenol-D actuators would be more useful if their distortion levels were lower. When operation of these actuators is restricted to strains where the material's behavior is linear, their performance is only comparable to standard actuators. Our objective was to design a control system to reduce distortion of a Terfenol-D actuator. A Terfenol-D actuator was tested to obtain operational data. Nonlinear system identification was performed with a fourth order Volterra expansion. The left inverse was estimated using piecewise linear functions. Feedforward compensation for a feedback controller was designed by representing the inverse/actuator model pair as a linear transfer function and using standard linear control design techniques. Because the inverse was found for operation at a single frequency, the out-of-band frequency response of the linear representation of the inverse/actuator was very severe. This made it impractical to close a feedback loop around the actuator. Instead, the inverse was used as a predistortion filter in open-loop control, which resulted in an 18 dB reduction in total harmonic distortion at the frequency of interest.

关键词： Actuators

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High-performance passive viscous isolator element for active/passive (hybrid) isolation

High-performance passive viscous isolator element for active...

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smart structures and materials 1996: Passive Damping and Isolation

作者： Davis, Torey Davis, L.Porter Sullivan, Jeanne M. Hoffman, Terry Das, Alok Honeywell Inc. Glendale AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420956

A high performance passive isolator has been developed for a multiaxis isolation system for vibration isolation of an optical payload. This passive isolator will be used along with an active element to provide improved vibration isolation performance over previous isolators. The isolator has been designed using ideas developed previously for 'tuned' three parameter passive isolators. The isolator has also been developed offering the lowest system passive break frequencies structurally feasible for the lightweight optical payload. The implementations of these passive isolator design considerations complement the active portion of the system, and also provide the best passive isolation at the higher frequencies long after the active system has 'rolled off.' The mathematics used to design the isolator as well as the isolator's physical attributes are discussed. The unique design challenges of incorporating the passive element with the active, forming one 'hybrid' D-strut, also are discussed. Finally, actual test data from isolator testing are compared to predicted performance, verifying the isolator's exceptional performance and predictability.

关键词： Vibration control

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

Smart Structures and Materials 1995: Mathematics and Control...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

This conference proceedings contains 51 papers on mathematics and control in smart structures. The main topics are: physical modeling of material behavior;control methods for active systems;optimization methods;microm... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

关键词： structures (built objects)

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Broadband sensor and actuator selection for active control of smart structures

Broadband sensor and actuator selection for active control o...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Heck, Larry P. SRI Int. Menlo Park CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

This paper advances the state of the art in the selection of minimal configurations of sensors and actuators for active vibration control with smart structures. The method extends previous transducer selection work by (1) presenting a unified treatment of the selection and placement of large numbers of sensors and actuators in a smart structure, (2) developing computationally efficient techniques to select the best sensor- actuator pairs for multiple unknown force disturbances exciting the structure, (3) selecting the best sensors and actuators over multiple frequencies, and (4) providing bounds on the performance of the transducer selection algorithms. The approach is based on a novel, multidimensional householder QR factorization algorithm applied to the frequency response matrices that define the vibration control problem. This paper presents the theoretical development of the method, as well as experimental results from active vibration control demonstrations for the ARPA SPICES (synthesis and processing of intelligent cost-effective structures) project.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart structures

Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart st...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Akella, Padma Wen, John T. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. Troy NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

The so-called smart structures frequently have more sensors than actuators, due to the lower cost and simpler instrumentation. The passivity based controller, which is frequently used in structural control due to its inherent robustness properties, requires sensor/actuator collocation;therefore, it can at best utilize only a subset of the sensors. This paper considers the design of a `squaring down' matrix which would render a system passive subject to some additional performance considerations. This problem is cast as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be efficiently solved due to the recent advance in interior point methods in convex programming. We applied this procedure with the assumption that the sensors provide displacement as well as velocity information which is generally not true. We show that the proposed scheme can be implemented without the use of such velocity information. Simulation results involving a single flexible beam with torque input and hub position and strain gauge output are presented.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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