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检索条件"任意字段=Smart Structures and Materials 1994: Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures"

共 544 条记录，以下是81-90 订阅

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Genetic algorithms for optimal design and control of adaptive structures

Genetic algorithms for optimal design and control of adaptiv...

引用

smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Ribeiro, Rui Da Mota Silva, Suzana Rodrigues, Jose D. Vaz, Mario CERN - European Lab for Particle Physics Geneva Switzerland

Future High Energy Physics experiments require the use of light and stable structures to support their most precise radiation detection elements. These large structures must be light, highly stable, stiff and radiation tolerant in an environment where external vibrations, high radiation levels, material aging, temperature and humidity gradients are not negligible. Unforeseen factors and the unknown result of the coupling of environmental conditions, together with external vibrations, may affect the position stability of the detectors and their support structures compromising their physics performance. Careful optimization of static and dynamic behavior must be an essential part of the engineering design. Genetic Algorithms (GA) belong to the group of probabilistic algorithms, combining elements of direct and stochastic search. They are more robust than existing directed search methods with the advantage of maintaining a population of potential solutions. There is a class of optimization problems for which Genetic Algorithms can be effectively applied. Among them are the ones related to shape control and optimal placement of sensors/actuators for active control of vibrations. In this paper these two problems are addressed and numerically investigated. The finite element method is used for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics. For the case of the optimal placement of sensors/actuators a performance index, proportional to the damping of the system in closed-loop, is used. Genetic algorithms prove their efficiency in this kind of optimization problems.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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controlled continuous tuning of an adaptively tunable vibration absorber incorporating shape memory alloys

Controlled continuous tuning of an adaptively tunable vibrat...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Williams, Keith A. Chiu, George T.-C. Bernhard, Robert J. Purdue Univ West Lafayette IN United States

controlled continuous tuning of the stiffness of shape memory alloy (SMA) spring elements of an adaptively tunable vibration absorber (ATVA) is a novel concept for adaptive-passive vibration control. Minimization of the vibration of a primary system is achieved indirectly via stiffness control of the SMA structural elements supporting a secondary mass. Stiffness control is further achieved via the heating of the SMA elements. In this paper a control law to achieve phase-tracking by controlling the heating of the SMA elements is developed and implemented. Successful analytical and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of continuous control of the SMA ATVA. Performance of the SMA ATVA is compared to the performance of comparable passive tuned vibration absorbers (TVA). The comparison shows that substantial improvements in vibration attenuation can be achieved through the implementation of the SMA ATVA.

关键词： Vibration control

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control of a directly-excited structural dynamic model of an F-15 tail section using positive position feedback

Control of a directly-excited structural dynamic model of an...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： El-Badawy, Ayman A. Nayfeh, Ali H. Virginia Polytechnic Inst of State Univ Blacksburg VA United States

We investigated the use of positive position feedback (PPF) to suppress high-amplitude vibrations of a structural dynamic model of a twin-tail assembly of the F-15 fighter when subjected to primary resonance excitations. We developed the nonlinear differential equations of motion and obtained an approximate solution using the method of multiple scales. Then, we conducted bifurcation analyses for the open- and closed-loop response of the system and investigated theoretically the performance of the control strategy. The theoretical findings indicate that the control law leads to an effective vibration suppression and bifurcation control. We conducted experiments to verify the theoretical analysis. We built a digital control system that consists of the SIMULINK modeling software and a dSPACE controller installed in a personal computer, and we used actuators made of piezoelectric ceramic material. The experimental results show that PPF is effective in suppressing the steady-state vibrations.

关键词： Vibration control

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Position tracking control of an optical pick-up device using piezoceramic actuator

Position tracking control of an optical pick-up device using...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Choi, Seung-Bok Kim, Hyoung-Kyu Lim, Soo-Cheol Kim, Jae-Hwan Inha Univ Inchon Korea Republic of

This paper presents a new type of an optical pick-up for CD-RIM drive feeding system. The optical pick-up is activated by a pair of bimorph piezoceramic actuators in order to achieve fine motion control of the objective lens. Following the derivation of the governing equation of motion, a control model, which take into account the hysteresis behavior of the actuator and also parameter variation such as frequency changes, is established in a state space form. A robust controller is then formulated and experimentally realized. Various position trajectories to be followed by the optical pick-up are adopted and tracking control responses are presented in time domain. In addition, control durability is demonstrated in order to provide a practical feasibility.

关键词： Optical devices

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Evaluation of gantry control strategies for X-ray steppers

Evaluation of gantry control strategies for X-ray steppers

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Sullivan, Gerald A. Suiter, Kari Huston, Dryver Univ of Vermont Burlington VT United States

Results of an experimental study on the performance of a high speed, precision gantry system for application to X-ray stepper systems are presented. In particular a cross coupled control system design was compared to a master-master controller design on a gantry test bed powered by two linear motors. Tests were performed for the case where only inertial loads were present, as well as for the case where static loads were added to simulate gravity loading. The experiments demonstrated that high speed positioning to an accuracy of +/- 3micron or less could be obtained with both the cross-coupled and the master-master control strategies. Finally, it was observed that the changes in the dynamics of the closed loop gantry system appear to take place during continuous operation, leading to significant variations in the closed loop performance. It was concluded that robust controller design methods or adaptive control methods would be necessary to meet all performance goals for gantry based X-ray steppers.

关键词： Algorithms

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Vibration distribution reconstruction and control of a thin plate by using distributed PVDF sensors affixed to the plate

Vibration distribution reconstruction and control of a thin ...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Nagayasu, Katsuyoshi Uchida, Norio Hayashi, Takuro Takahashi, Hiroshi Toshiba Corp Kanagawa Japan

In this study, vibration distribution of a thin plate is detected using outputs from a number of long-span piezoelectric films that serve as distributed vibration sensors affixed on the plate. Using long-span piezoelectric films, only the integrated strains along the direction of the sensor span could be obtained. However, in the case that plural sensors were affixed and a kind of transformation was used, the vibration distribution could be obtained. We are considering applying the method for vibration control of space structures, namely antennas and/or solar battery paddles. In this study, basic technology for realizing the applications is presented. The strain distributions and the sensor outputs are predicted and calculated using NASTRAN (Finite Element Method). The strain distributions of a vibrating rectangular thin plate to which a number of long-span PVDF films were affixed are detected by experiment. These PVDF films are cut into several kinds of sinusoidal shapes and the outputs of the films are composed to the vibration distribution. This method is based on the theory that waves of any kind are composed by the sum of trigonometric function series. The usefulness of this approach is confirmed by comparing the calculational and experimental results.

关键词： Sensors

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Wing shaping for optimum roll performance using independent modal-space control technique

Wing shaping for optimum roll performance using independent ...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Khot, N.S. Oz, H. Wright-Paterson AFB OH United States

A technique for deforming a flexible wing to achieve a specified roll rate within a specified time at different Mach Numbers is examined. Rather than using an aileron system for roll, antisymmetric elastic twist and camber is determined to achieve the required rolling moment for a specified roll rate. The elastic twist and camber is achieved by providing a system of actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of the wing to provide control forces. The modal approach is used to develop the dynamic equilibrium equations which culminates in the steady roll maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and the actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces to achieve the specified steady flexible roll rate within a specified time was determined by using Independent Modal-Space control (IMSC) design approach. Here, a full-scale realistic wing is considered for the assessment of the strain energy required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the specified roll performance.

关键词： Wings

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Broadband active structural-acoustic control of a fuselage test-bed using collocated piezoelectric sensors and actuators

Broadband active structural-acoustic control of a fuselage t...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Savran, Cagri A. Atalla, Mauro J. Hall, Steven R. Massachusetts Inst of Technology Cambridge MA United States

We describe structural-acoustic control experiments on a model fuselage test-bed, using collocated pairs of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The test-bed is a hybrid-scaled model fuselage designed to be representative of complex aircraft structures with rib and stringer construction, which results in a structure with high modal density and complex behavior. The sensor/actuator pairs consist of PVDF film and PZT ceramic sheets bonded to the surface of the model fuselage. Closed-loop control of the fuselage skin was carried out with 30 collocated sensor/actuator pairs, covering approximately 10% of the surface area of the test-bed. The disturbance source is a PZT patch bonded to an adjacent panel. Rate feedback was applied to each collocated pair simultaneously (independent loop closure). Accelerometers attached to the panels and microphones located inside the test-bed were used as performance sensors. The experimental results show a reduction of as much as 20 dB in structural acceleration and up to 10 dB of attenuation in the interior acoustic pressure levels at resonant peaks, over the frequency range of 100-2000 Hz.

关键词： Acoustic variables control

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Natural frequencies of a smart plate with segmented piezoelectric patches

Natural frequencies of a smart plate with segmented piezoele...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Gopinathan, Senthil V. Varadan, Vasundara V. Varadan, Vijay K. Pennsylvania State Univ University Park PA United States

Classical Plate Theory (CPT) has been applied successfully in the past to the plates with distributed piezoelectric patch bonded to the surface or embedded within the layers [1-7]. In all earlier models the mass and stiffness' contributions from sensor and actuator patches were neglected for estimating the natural frequencies of the smart plate. Also the thickness direction electric fields and strain fields inside the patches are assumed to be constant over the entire area of the patch. The validity of these assumptions depends on the size and relative stiffnesses of the patches and is not investigated before. In this paper the CPT is used to estimate the natural frequencies of a plate structure with surface bonded piezoelectric patches without the above-mentioned assumptions. A detailed modeling of the patches is developed by expressing the electric potential inside the patch as a quadratic function of thickness coordinate. The equations of motion are derived for a generally isotropic plate with surface bonded segmented patches. Solution to the dynamic equation of motion are obtained using Fourier series method for a plate with collocated piezoelectric actuator/sensor patches. The effect of the passive and active stiffness' of the surface bonded actuator and sensor patches on the dynamic characteristics of host plate structure is investigated.

关键词： Plates (structural components)

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Active structural acoustic control of a thick-walled cylindrical shell

Active structural acoustic control of a thick-walled cylindr...

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smart structures and materials 2000 - mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Song, Kyungyeol Atalla, Mauro J. Hall, Steven R. Massachusetts Inst of Technology Cambridge MA United States

We consider the problem of reducing the noise radiation from a thick-walled cylindrical shell by actively controlling the motion of the shell's outer surface. Because the shell is very stiff, it is difficult to directly control the shell deflections. Instead, the proposed approach is to cover the shell's outer surface with curved active composite panels. Each panel contains several embedded accelerometers mounted to its outer and inner surfaces, which can sense both the motion of the panel base (i.e., the outer motion of the shell) and the outer surface of the panel (i.e., the radiating surface). The accelerometers are used in both feedback and feedforward architectures, in which the accelerometer signals are used to command the panel displacement, in order to reduce the motion of the panel outer surface, reducing the radiated noise. Experimental results show that, in the best case, 10-30 dB of surface vibration reduction can be achieved in the frequency range of interest, which is 250-2000 Hz.

关键词： Acoustic variables control

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