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检索条件"任意字段=Smart Structures and Materials 1995: Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures"

共 525 条记录，以下是321-330 订阅

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Induced strain actuation of bending-extension coupled composite split cylinders

Induced strain actuation of bending-extension coupled compos...

引用

smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Tang, Po-Yun Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Cent. San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A beam-type model has been developed for antisymmetric cross-ply laminated split cylindrical shells bonded to their concave sides with actuators, such as relatively thick lead zirconium titanate drivers. The model properly accounts for the bending-extension (b-e) coupling properties of the antisymmetric cross-ply laminates and the effects of stiffness and density of the actuators. Using this model, solutions have been obtained for simply-supported actuator- shells under direct-voltage actuation, free vibration, and sinusoidal-voltage actuation. From the solutions, analytical formulas have been derived to evaluate the bending deformation increase and fundamental frequency reduction of such actuator-shells due to the b-e coupling properties. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of low-frequency wall- driven acoustic projectors, including split cylindrical transducers with the actuator-radiator configurations under the study. As is well known, the basic acoustic radiation mechanism of all these projectors is the conversion of the extensional deformation of the actuator into the bending motion of the radiator. Hence, it seems beneficial to use a radiator material with inherent b-e coupling properties. Indeed, application of the above-mentioned formulas to the existing laminates demonstrates that substantial bending deformation increase and fundamental frequency reduction of the split cylinders can be achieved.

关键词： Cylinders (shapes)

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control of sound radiation from a NITINOL-reinforced plate into an acoustic cavity

Control of sound radiation from a NITINOL-reinforced plate i...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Ro, J. Baz, Amr M. Catholic Univ. of America Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

The sound radiation from vibrating NITINOL-reinforced plates coupled with acoustic cavities are controlled by heating sets of shape memory alloy (NITINOL) fibers embedded along the neutral planes of these plates. Thermal, dynamic and acoustic finite element models are developed to study the fundamental phenomena governing the coupling between the dynamics of the NITINOL plates and the acoustic cavities. The models are used to compute the frequencies, mode shapes and sound radiation for different initial tensions and activation strategies of the NITINOL fibers. The predictions of the models are validated experimentally using a square glassfiber/polyester resin plate, whose sides are 19 cm and thickness is 0.254 cm, mounted on a 19 cm × 19 cm × 38 cm cavity. The plate is reinforced with 58 NITINOL fibers that are 0.55 mm in diameter which are embedded inside vulcanized rubber sleeves placed at the plate mid-plane. The results obtained indicate close agreement between the theory and experiments. Also, it is shown that activating all the NITINOL fibers results in increasing the first mode of vibration from 240 Hz to 277.5 Hz and increasing the corresponding loss factor from 0.014 to 0.039. Such significant shift of the modal characteristics of the plates results in suppressing the amplitude of vibration of the plate by 76% and attenuating the sound pressure level radiated inside the cavity by 62%. Therefore, the experimentally validated theoretical models presented in this paper provide invaluable means for predicting sound radiation from NITINOL-reinforced plates in coupled acoustic cavity.

关键词： Vibration control

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Development of a control system for a nonlinear Terfenol-D actuator

Development of a control system for a nonlinear Terfenol-D a...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： D'Annunzio, Camille M. Reimers, Ann Chassaing, Charles E. Radix Systems Inc. Rockville MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A promising use of Terfenol-D is as the actuating element in mechanical actuators. Actuators made from Terfenol-D take advantage of the material's large displacement capabilities, high energy and relatively wide bandwidth. Terfenol-D actuators would be more useful if their distortion levels were lower. When operation of these actuators is restricted to strains where the material's behavior is linear, their performance is only comparable to standard actuators. Our objective was to design a control system to reduce distortion of a Terfenol-D actuator. A Terfenol-D actuator was tested to obtain operational data. Nonlinear system identification was performed with a fourth order Volterra expansion. The left inverse was estimated using piecewise linear functions. Feedforward compensation for a feedback controller was designed by representing the inverse/actuator model pair as a linear transfer function and using standard linear control design techniques. Because the inverse was found for operation at a single frequency, the out-of-band frequency response of the linear representation of the inverse/actuator was very severe. This made it impractical to close a feedback loop around the actuator. Instead, the inverse was used as a predistortion filter in open-loop control, which resulted in an 18 dB reduction in total harmonic distortion at the frequency of interest.

关键词： Actuators

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High-performance passive viscous isolator element for active/passive (hybrid) isolation

High-performance passive viscous isolator element for active...

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smart structures and materials 1996: Passive Damping and Isolation

作者： Davis, Torey Davis, L.Porter Sullivan, Jeanne M. Hoffman, Terry Das, Alok Honeywell Inc. Glendale AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420956

A high performance passive isolator has been developed for a multiaxis isolation system for vibration isolation of an optical payload. This passive isolator will be used along with an active element to provide improved vibration isolation performance over previous isolators. The isolator has been designed using ideas developed previously for 'tuned' three parameter passive isolators. The isolator has also been developed offering the lowest system passive break frequencies structurally feasible for the lightweight optical payload. The implementations of these passive isolator design considerations complement the active portion of the system, and also provide the best passive isolation at the higher frequencies long after the active system has 'rolled off.' The mathematics used to design the isolator as well as the isolator's physical attributes are discussed. The unique design challenges of incorporating the passive element with the active, forming one 'hybrid' D-strut, also are discussed. Finally, actual test data from isolator testing are compared to predicted performance, verifying the isolator's exceptional performance and predictability.

关键词： Vibration control

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Broadband sensor and actuator selection for active control of smart structures

Broadband sensor and actuator selection for active control o...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Heck, Larry P. SRI Int. Menlo Park CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

This paper advances the state of the art in the selection of minimal configurations of sensors and actuators for active vibration control with smart structures. The method extends previous transducer selection work by (1) presenting a unified treatment of the selection and placement of large numbers of sensors and actuators in a smart structure, (2) developing computationally efficient techniques to select the best sensor- actuator pairs for multiple unknown force disturbances exciting the structure, (3) selecting the best sensors and actuators over multiple frequencies, and (4) providing bounds on the performance of the transducer selection algorithms. The approach is based on a novel, multidimensional householder QR factorization algorithm applied to the frequency response matrices that define the vibration control problem. This paper presents the theoretical development of the method, as well as experimental results from active vibration control demonstrations for the ARPA SPICES (synthesis and processing of intelligent cost-effective structures) project.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart structures

Synthesized passive feedback control of sensor-rich smart st...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Akella, Padma Wen, John T. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. Troy NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

The so-called smart structures frequently have more sensors than actuators, due to the lower cost and simpler instrumentation. The passivity based controller, which is frequently used in structural control due to its inherent robustness properties, requires sensor/actuator collocation;therefore, it can at best utilize only a subset of the sensors. This paper considers the design of a `squaring down' matrix which would render a system passive subject to some additional performance considerations. This problem is cast as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be efficiently solved due to the recent advance in interior point methods in convex programming. We applied this procedure with the assumption that the sensors provide displacement as well as velocity information which is generally not true. We show that the proposed scheme can be implemented without the use of such velocity information. Simulation results involving a single flexible beam with torque input and hub position and strain gauge output are presented.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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Design and optimal control in smart structures

Design and optimal control in smart structures

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Bolonkin, Alexander A. Veley, Duane E. Khot, Narendra S. Air Force Wright Lab. Dayton OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

This paper describes an approach for designing a structure- control system based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) which suppresses vibrations in structures. Bounds are placed on the control forces to simulate real actuators. The control system is optimized with an objective function of the time to reduce the energy of the vibrations to 5% of its initial value. The design variables are the bounds on each control force with a constraint on the sum of the bounds. As an example to illustrate the application of an approach, a wing box idealized by rod elements is used. control systems are designed for this structure using four and eight actuators for several locations.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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control of smart structures using analog neural network hardware

Control of smart structures using analog neural network hard...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Damle, Rajendra R. Rao, Vittal S. Glover, Steve Kern, Frank J. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

In this paper a robust controller has been implemented on a smart structure test article using the Intel's Electronically Trainable Analog Neural Network (ETANN) chip i80170NX. The smart structure test article used in this study was a cantilever plate with a pair of PZTs as actuators and PVDF film sensors. A two step connectionist approach was used to design and implement the neural network based controller. To meet the desired closed loop performance requirements, a simple linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed. The spatially distributed sensors allow the direct measurement and feedback of the states of the system. A copy of this controller is transferred into the ETANN chip and the trained chip is used to control the test system. A custom board and electronic circuits were developed for interfacing the neural network chip and the smart structure test article. The steps involved in training and implementing robust controllers on a smart structure have been outlined. Some of the practical considerations of implementing a robust controller using the ETANN chip have been pointed out and dealt with. Experimental verification of the closed loop performance of the conventional LQR controller as well as the neural network controller are also shown.

关键词： structures (built objects)

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Identification and control of two-dimensional smart structures using distributed sensors

Identification and control of two-dimensional smart structur...

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smart structures and materials 1995: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Butler, Robert K. Rao, Vittal S. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417912

In recent years, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film has been extensively used in the development of distributed sensors. However, very few results are available for shaping distributed sensors for control of two dimensional structures. In this study, we have utilized simple geometric shapes for the implementation of feedback controllers on a cantilevered plate system. Multiple distributed sensors along with their time derivatives are used for system identification and the implementation of complex controllers. The resulting direct implementation minimizes the electronic hardware requirements of the controller. A system identification technique for deriving a state variable representation of the structural system using distributed sensors is studied. The state variables of the model are defined as the quantities being measured by the distributed sensors. This technique was originally developed for one-dimensional structures and is extended to the two-dimensional plate system in this paper. The availability of the states of the system simplifies the state space control system design and the implementation of full-state feedback controllers. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and H∞ controllers can be implemented with simple analog hardware. A full state feedback LQR controller is implemented on the experimental system which incorporates all of the necessary signal conditioning electronics. The results of simulation and experimental results are presented.

关键词： Plates (structural components)

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control of sound transmission into a closed cavity using smart structures

Control of sound transmission into a closed cavity using sma...

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smart structures and materials 1995: smart Sensing, Processing, and Instrumentation

作者： Hill, Michael L. Chrissos, Phil Koval, Leslie R. Rao, Vittal S. Kern, Frank J. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819417939

This paper describes several alternative solutions to the problem of controlling sound transmission through rectangular plates radiating into an enclosed cavity. The specific problem examined is how adaptive filtering compares with feedback control techniques for reducing the level of sinusoidal disturbances transmitted by the plate. In a smart structure with embedded sensors and actuators, it will be likely that feedback control is the preferred option. The feedback controllers examined are LQG/LTR, H∞, internal disturbance model pole placement, and internal disturbance model LQG. These controllers are compared to the filtered-x LMS technique, which is the standard method of dealing with sinusoidal disturbances for this type of problem. All the controllers are examined using simulation and then implemented on a test structure.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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