A remote local and global sensing and control of aerospace structures using advanced polymeric smartmaterials, MEMS, and built-in antennas is presented. The sensors are fabricated with interdigital transducers printe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417971
A remote local and global sensing and control of aerospace structures using advanced polymeric smartmaterials, MEMS, and built-in antennas is presented. The sensors are fabricated with interdigital transducers printed on a piezoelectric polymer. They in turn are mounted onto an ultrathin Penn State novel RF antenna (patent filed). The sensors are designed to measure both pressure and shear of the fluid flow on aerospace structures. The wave form measurements may be monitored at a remote location either at the cockpit or elsewhere via the antennas in the sensors and an outside antenna. The integrated MEMS actuators, which are comprised of cantilever-, diaphragm-, and microbridge-based MEMS with suitable smart electronics etched onto the structure, are controlled by the built-in antennas through feedback and feedforward control architecture. The integration of such materials and smart electronics into the skin of airfoil is ideal for sensing and controlling drag. The basic idea of this concept involves detection of the point of transition from laminar to turbulent flow and transmitting acoustical energy into the boundary layer so that the low-energy fluid particles accelerate in the transverse direction and mix with the high energy flow outside of the boundary layer. The use of the present smartmaterials and electronics for active noise control and EMI suppression in aircraft and helicopters is also outlines.
The proceedings contains 80 papers. Following topics are discussed: rotorcraft applications;aircraft applications;space and robotic applications;civil applications;damage detection sensors;structural health monitoring...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
The proceedings contains 80 papers. Following topics are discussed: rotorcraft applications;aircraft applications;space and robotic applications;civil applications;damage detection sensors;structural health monitoring;composite smartstructures;modeling of smartstructures;system identification;vibration control (nonpiezo);active vibration control with piezo actuators;active acoustics;control design for smartstructures;and mini actuators and piezo motors.
Transverse piezoelectric mode ceramic-polymer composites provide several advantages over conventional longitudinal mode composites. It has been shown, from both analytical and experimental results, the hydrostatic per...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
Transverse piezoelectric mode ceramic-polymer composites provide several advantages over conventional longitudinal mode composites. It has been shown, from both analytical and experimental results, the hydrostatic performance of 1 - 3 tubular and 2 - 2 plate piezocomposites can be significantly improved by utilizing the transverse piezoelectric effect. By varying the geometry of the piezoelectric ceramics and the configuration of constituent phases, the undesirable components of piezoelectric response of the composites can be eliminated. Moreover, the effective uniaxial and hydrostatic responses can be greatly enhanced by optimizing the physical properties of the constituent phases and the structures of the composites.
An electrorheological (ER) fluid damper suitable for vibration and seismic protection of civil structures has been designed, constructed and is under testing. The damper consist of an outer cylinder and a piston rod t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
An electrorheological (ER) fluid damper suitable for vibration and seismic protection of civil structures has been designed, constructed and is under testing. The damper consist of an outer cylinder and a piston rod that pushes the ER-fluid through a stationary annular duct. The design of the damper was based on approximate calculations based on the Hagen-Poiseille flow theory. It is found that the Hagen-Poiseille theory predicts satisfactorily the damper response at moderate values of the flow rate. Experimental results on the damper response with and without the presence of electric field are presented. The average fluid velocity in the ER-duct has to be kept relatively small so that viscous stresses do not dominate over `yield' stresses.
Representation of on-orbit microgravity environment in a 1-g environment is a continuing problem in space engineering analysis, procedures development and crew training. A way of adequately depicting weightlessness in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417955
Representation of on-orbit microgravity environment in a 1-g environment is a continuing problem in space engineering analysis, procedures development and crew training. A way of adequately depicting weightlessness in the performance of on-orbit tasks is by a realistic (or real-time) computer based representation that provides the look, touch, and feel of on-orbit operation. This paper describes how a facility, the Systems Engineering Simulator at the Johnson Space Center, is utilizing recent advances in computer processing power and multi- processing capability to intelligently represent all systems, sub-systems and environmental elements associated with space flight operations. It first describes the computer hardware and interconnection between processors; the computer software responsible for task scheduling, health monitoring, sub-system and environment representation; control room and crew station. It then describes, the mathematical models that represent the dynamics of contact between the Mir and the Space Shuttle during the upcoming US and Russian Shuttle/Mir space mission. Results are presented comparing the response of the smart, active pilot-in-the-loop system to non-time critical CRAY model. A final example of how these systems are utilized is given in the development that supported the highly successful Hubble Space Telescope repair mission.
A methodology is proposed for designing a structure and robust control for optimum performance. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mathematical optimization problem with structural weight as the objective functi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
A methodology is proposed for designing a structure and robust control for optimum performance. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mathematical optimization problem with structural weight as the objective function and constraints within the realm of structural and control design requirements. The control approach selected for this investigation is based on multi-input multi-output H2 - H∞ theory which can tolerate structured and unstructured uncertainties. The constraints were imposed on the structural frequencies and gain separation between open-loop and closed-loop systems. The application of the design methodology is illustrated on a wing box idealized with bar elements and composite box-beam.
Computer simulations and experiments have show that active and semi-active (adaptive- passive) vibration compensators could be devised modifying the currently available fluidic vibration absorbers. These devices, desp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
Computer simulations and experiments have show that active and semi-active (adaptive- passive) vibration compensators could be devised modifying the currently available fluidic vibration absorbers. These devices, despite their small size and weight, are currently used to isolate the low frequency high amplitude vibration of relatively massive devices such as engines. They consist of two chambers filled with an inexpensive fluid mixture such as water and anti-freeze which communicate through one or more orifices and an inertia track. The communication through the track is based on the concept of Helmholtz resonance. The lower chamber is separated from the upper chamber by a diaphragm called decoupler. Both semi- active (adaptive-passive) and active control mechanisms, for real-time adjustment of the Helmholtz resonance are discussed in this paper. Real-time manipulation of the inertia track inertance and the position of the decoupler result in semi-active and active control vibration, respectively. We call these novel controllable vibration compensators Intelligent Helmholtz Resonators, IHRs.
Actuators and/or sensors embedded into a host material will disrupt the physical properties of the host. Finite element analysis was used to determine and to minimize the stress concentrations which arise in a `smart&...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
Actuators and/or sensors embedded into a host material will disrupt the physical properties of the host. Finite element analysis was used to determine and to minimize the stress concentrations which arise in a `smart' material system due to the embedded optical fiber sensor. A parametric study was undertaken to determine the theoretical mechanical properties of the interface coating that minimizes the disruption of the host material properties due to the optical fiber inclusion. The effects of transverse tensile and thermal loading were studied, and also the residual thermal stress concentrations due to the manufacturing process were taken into consideration. The stress concentrations in the composite host are affected by the dimensions and mechanical properties of the interface coating. The results show that with careful selection of the interface coating properties the stress concentrations in the host material caused by the optical fiber inclusion can be reduced and be similar to those of the pure host material.
A new class of materials called smart tagged composites has great potential for use in structural health monitoring. This paper introduces concepts and interrogation schemes for piezoelectric tagged composite material...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
A new class of materials called smart tagged composites has great potential for use in structural health monitoring. This paper introduces concepts and interrogation schemes for piezoelectric tagged composite materials. Experiments were undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of piezoelectric tagging by incorporating PZT-5A particles into a polyester matrix. Several types of diametral compression specimens were fabricated and tested to failure while monitoring the induced charge across electrodes placed on the front and back faces of the specimens. The effect of volume fraction of piezo particles and glass reinforcement was investigated along with connectivity of the piezo phase. Small amounts of graphite were added to some specimens to aid in the poling process, however this proved to be of little benefit. The greatest sensitivity and highest induced fields were obtained for a pseudo 1 - 3 piezocomposite system with 6% volume fraction loading of the piezo phase.
The sensor response of a piezoelectric transducer embedded in a fluid loaded structure is modeled using a hybrid numerical approach. The structure is excited by an obliquely incident acoustic wave. Finite element mode...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
The sensor response of a piezoelectric transducer embedded in a fluid loaded structure is modeled using a hybrid numerical approach. The structure is excited by an obliquely incident acoustic wave. Finite element modeling in the structure and fluid surrounding the transducer region is used and a plane wave representation is exploited to match the displacement field at the mathematical boundary. On this boundary, continuity of field derivatives is enforced by using a penalty factor. Numerical results are presented for the sensor response in different host materials piezoelectric sensor materials. It is found that the sensor at that location is not only non-intrusive but also sensitive to the characteristic of the structure.
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