Vibrations are detrimental to the performance and durability of flexible structural components used in engineering systems. Structural vibrations can cause pressure perturbations in air, especially when the structural...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417904
Vibrations are detrimental to the performance and durability of flexible structural components used in engineering systems. Structural vibrations can cause pressure perturbations in air, especially when the structural modes are well coupled with the sound field, leading to undesirable radiated noise. Methods for vibration and acoustic radiation minimization in flexible plate structures using piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators are addressed in this paper. Development of effective compensation techniques to enable the active structure to maintain its structural reliability, requires understanding the vibrational and acoustic response characteristics of the active structure. Based on such response characteristics, a dual active control scheme is developed for vibration and acoustic radiation reduction. The dual scheme is based on a modified form of the filtered-x LMS algorithm. A fuzzy inference adaptation method is used to regulate the learning rate and control output of the LMS adaptive algorithm, depending on the levels of vibrations or noise present. Experimental results obtained from the real-time implementation of a vibration control scheme, and the dual active scheme on a typical active plate structure is presented.
Presented below is a summary of the results obtained to date on the verification of a novel state space model identification technique called PLID (pseudo linear identification), given in Hopkins et al. This technique...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
Presented below is a summary of the results obtained to date on the verification of a novel state space model identification technique called PLID (pseudo linear identification), given in Hopkins et al. This technique has several unique features that include: (1) optimal joint parameter and state estimation (that gives rise to its nonlinearities);(2) provisions for sensor, actuator, and state noise;(3) and it converges almost surely to the true plant parameters provided that the plant is linear, completely controllable/observable, strictly proper, time invariant, and all noise sources are zero mean white Gaussian (ZMWG). Experiments carried out on a flexible, modally dense 3-D truss structure standing 4 feet tall have shown PLID to be a robust technique capable of managing significant deviations from the assumptions made to prove strict optimality. Using the 3 actuators and 3 sensors attached to the structure, models varying in size from 24 to 64 states have been used to approximate this infinite dimensional testbed in the frequency range between 50 to 500 Hz. Sensor signals with rms levels of approximately 2 volts have been predicted by PLID to within 0.01 volts rms.
The buckling of compressively-loaded members is one of the most important factors limiting the overall strength and stability of many structures. This paper presents experimental results showing that active control ca...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417963
The buckling of compressively-loaded members is one of the most important factors limiting the overall strength and stability of many structures. This paper presents experimental results showing that active control can be used to stabilize compressive members against buckling, allowing them to be loaded well in excess of their critical buckling load. Experiments conducted using a composite steel/piezo-ceramic column achieved a factor of 5.6 increase in load-bearing capability through active stabilization of the first two uniaxial buckling modes. In addition, a small-scale railroad-style truss bridge was constructed to demonstrate the multiple actively stabilized compressive members may be incorporated into a compound structure. This paper presents an overview of the experimental results, suggests design criteria for actively stabilized members, and discusses potential industrial applications.
This paper discusses the use of genetic algorithms (GA) as a global search technique to solve a loading bridge regulator control problem. The theory, design and implementation of the algorithm is discussed in detail. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
This paper discusses the use of genetic algorithms (GA) as a global search technique to solve a loading bridge regulator control problem. The theory, design and implementation of the algorithm is discussed in detail. An improved selection scheme and two advanced genetic operators are introduced. Three different GA-based feedback controllers are designed: Simple GA (SGA), Improved GA (IGA), and Advanced GA (AGA). Their results performance results are compared. Among the three GA approaches considered, AGA is the most robust one for the design of feedback controllers.
It has been shown that the volume velocity of a surface is responsible for the majority of sound power radiation at low frequencies. It has therefore been suggested that the cancellation of volume velocity is an appro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
It has been shown that the volume velocity of a surface is responsible for the majority of sound power radiation at low frequencies. It has therefore been suggested that the cancellation of volume velocity is an appropriate strategy for reducing the sound power radiation from vibrating surfaces. In order to actively cancel the volume velocity of a surface an accurate measure of the volume velocity is required. Designs for volume velocity sensors have been suggested using piezoelectric material etched or cut into specific shapes. In the experiments described in this paper such a sensor is tested and used to control the sound power radiation from a rectangular aluminum panel.
The paper addresses the problem of satellite solar panel vibration. A multi-layer vibration control scheme is investigated using a flight test article. Key issues in the active control portion are presented in the pap...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
The paper addresses the problem of satellite solar panel vibration. A multi-layer vibration control scheme is investigated using a flight test article. Key issues in the active control portion are presented in the paper. The paper discusses the primary control design drivers, which are the time variations in modal frequencies due to configuration and thermal changes. A local control design approach is investigated, but found to be unworkable due to sensor/actuator non-collocation. An alternate design process uses linear robust control techniques, by describing the modal shifts as uncertainties. Multiple modal design, alpha-shifted multiple model, and a feedthrough compensation scheme are examined. Ground and simulation tests demonstrate that the resulting controllers provide significant vibration reduction in the presence of expected system variations.
We are researching a new paradigm for CAD which aims to support the early stages of mechanical design well enough that designers are motivated to actually use the workstation as a conceptual design tool. At the heart ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
We are researching a new paradigm for CAD which aims to support the early stages of mechanical design well enough that designers are motivated to actually use the workstation as a conceptual design tool. At the heart of our approach is shape synthesis, the computer generation of part designs. The need for such automation arises from the fact that any mechanical part is defined by two kinds of geometry: features that are critical to its function (application features), and the material that merely fleshes out the rest of the part (bulk shape). Application features are most often associated with contact surfaces of the part, for example, a bore for a bearing or a mounting surface for a motor. They are the high-level entities in terms of which the designer reasons about the design. Bulk shape must obey certain constraints, such as noninterference with other parts, minimum allowable thickness of the part, etc., but is somewhat arbitrary. We are developing a system wherein the designer inputs the application features, along with topological constraints, degrees of freedom, and boundary volumes, then the bulk shapes of the parts are synthesized automatically. Overall economy is enhanced by reducing the amount of input necessary from the designer, by providing for more complete exploration of the design space, and by enhancing manufacturability and assemblability of the component parts. This paper presents the functional requirements of such a system, and discusses preliminary results.
An adaptive control algorithm with on-line system identification capability has been developed. One of the great advantages of this scheme is that an additional system identification mechanism such as an additional un...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417912
An adaptive control algorithm with on-line system identification capability has been developed. One of the great advantages of this scheme is that an additional system identification mechanism such as an additional uncorrelated random signal generator as the source of system identification [Eriksson and Allie, Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 797 - 802 (1989)] is not required. A time varying plate-cavity system is used to demonstrate the control performance of this algorithm. The time varying plate-cavity system is used to demonstrate the control performance of this algorithm. The time varying system consists of a stainless steel plate which is simply supported on a rigid cavity where the cavity temperature can depend on time. For a given externally located harmonic sound excitation, the system identification and the control are simultaneously executed to minimize the transmitted sound in the cavity. The control performance of the algorithm is examined for two cases. Keeping the cavity temperature constant for the first case, the external disturbance frequency is swept with 2 Hz/second from below to above a resonance frequency of the plate-cavity system. The simulation shows an excellent frequency tracking capability with cavity internal sound suppression of 40 dB. For the second case, the cavity temperature is lowered to a half of its original value in 60 seconds while the external sound excitation is fixed with a frequency. Hence, the cavity resonant frequency decreased and passes the external sound excitation frequency. The algorithm shows 40 dB transmitted noise suppression without compromising the system identification tracking capability.
Electrostrictors are often avoided in structural control applications due to the non-linearity and temperature sensitivity of the electro-mechanical coupling. This paper describes control techniques so that constant p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
Electrostrictors are often avoided in structural control applications due to the non-linearity and temperature sensitivity of the electro-mechanical coupling. This paper describes control techniques so that constant performance is obtained from an electrostrictor in a feedback control system at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 57°C and at field levels ranging from 90 V/mm to 950 V/mm. The control techniques are experimentally implemented on a cantilevered beam with a 0.9 MN - 0.1 PT electrostrictor. With output linearization and temperature-gain scheduling, the electrostrictive system reduces the RMS strain vibration by 61%. An identical system with a G-1195 piezoceramic controller is used for comparison. The piezoceramic system reduced the strain vibrations by 55% which was robust to temperature variation but not robust to variations in the bias field. Extensive unconstrained wafer characterization as a function of temperature is also presented in the context of relevant constitutive equations.
In this paper a new method of distributed adaptive control of vibration in flexible structures is presented. It is based on finite element approximation from which the auto-regressive parametric representation of the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819417920
In this paper a new method of distributed adaptive control of vibration in flexible structures is presented. It is based on finite element approximation from which the auto-regressive parametric representation of the structure is obtained. This representation is used to estimate the structural parameters, viz., mass, stiffness and damping coefficient, using recursive least squares method. The finite dimensional model is then used to design a state-space controller based on the linear quadratic regulator principle. The on-line structural parameter estimation and the controller are then combined using certainty equivalence principle to obtain linear quadratic self-tuning controller for vibration suppression in flexible structures. The performance of the controller (without the self-tuning pat of the algorithm) in suppressing vibrations in an aluminum cantilever beam with surface mounted piezo-electric sensor and actuators is demonstrated experimentally. The spatial recursive algorithm to estimate transverse and angular displacement/velocity from the measured set of strain/strain-rate data, developed in the companion paper, is used as a state estimation algorithm for the state feedback controller.
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