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检索条件"任意字段=Smart Structures and Materials 1995: Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures"

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Distributed parameter system models for damage detection and location in smart material structures

Distributed parameter system models for damage detection and...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Banks, H.T. Wang, Yun Center for Research in Scientific Computation North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695-8205 United States

Nondestructive damage detection is an important issue in aging civil engineering, aerospace structures, and several other areas. This study presents an attempt to use parameterized partial differential equations and Galerkin approximation techniques to detect and locate damage. Dynamical analysis is carried out using structure bonded piezoceramic patches as both sensors and actuators. Our presentation will demonstrate the flexibility and accuracy of this approach. It is mode independent and can sense the presence of damage and locate certain damages to a satisfactory precision. As an example, a beam with a pair of piezoceramic patches bonded to it is used as the test structure;several computational examples with holes of different size, shape, and location in the beam are investigated. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Damage detection

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A micromechanics model for coated-fiber piezoelectric composites

A micromechanics model for coated-fiber piezoelectric compos...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Benveniste, Yakov Department of Solid Mechanics Materials and Structures Faculty of Engineering Tel-Aviv University Ramat-Aviv69978 Israel

A piezocomposite with coated cylindrical fibers of a circular cross section are considered. The fibers are parallel to each other and randomly located in the transverse plane. The Composite Cylinder Assemblage model is adopted and simple formulae are derived for all the effective constants, except for the transverse shear modulus. This last parameter is estimated by a mean field theory approximation. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Mean field theory

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Vibration suppression of a flexible manipulating system by using transfer matrix method

Vibration suppression of a flexible manipulating system by u...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Shen, Ji Yao Sharpe, Lonnie He, Zhong Q. Keckler, Claude R. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering North Carolina A and T State University GreensboroNC27411 United States Control and Guidance Division NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States

The modeling and control of manipulating systems with rigid-body links have been successfully developed within the robotics literature. The investigation of manipulating system with joint compliance and link flexibility has been also studied by some researchers. In general, the methods applied the 4 by 4 homogeneous transformation matrices of Devanit and Hartenberg. The generalized coordinates associated with the link degree of freedom and flexible modal coordinates were selected to describe the kinematics and dynamic behavior of the manipulating system. The Lagrange's equation was then used to obtain a large set of nonlinear partial differential equations. The expansion and solution of the equations are tedious. The method presented thus far in the literature were all very complicated. To simplify the analytical process, this paper models a two-arm flexible manipulating system by a set of generic partial differential equations, from which the transfer matrices for the flexible arms and revolute joints have been constructed. Based upon the compatibility conditions at the connecting points, the global system dynamic equation has been derived. Joint moments are used as the control actions. A typical control problem for end-effector vibration suppression has been investigated. control law computation proceeds in the frequency domain based on the pole-placement method. The effectiveness of the vibration suppression by using distributed parameter modeling technique along with the application of transfer matrix method is indicated by means of the decay of the end-effector response time history computed based upon the modal expansion method. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： End effectors

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Electro-mechanical impedance modeling of active material systems

Electro-mechanical impedance modeling of active material sys...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Liang, Chen Sun, Fanping Rogers, Craig A. Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061-0261 United States

An active material system may be generalized as an electro-mechanical network because of the incorporation of the actuators (electrically driven) and sensors (that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy). An investigation of the coupled electrical and mechanical aspects of an active material system will help to reveal some of its most important characteristics, in particular, the energy conversion and consumption issues. This paper summarizes most of our research in the area of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) modeling of active material systems. In this paper, a generic electro-mechanical impedance model to describe the electro-mechanical network behavior (time domain and frequency domain) of active material systems will be discussed. The focus of the discussion will be on the methodology and basic components of the EMI modeling technique and its application to assist in the design of efficient active control structures. This paper will first introduce the basic concept of the electro-mechanical impedance modeling and its general utilities in the area of active material systems. The methodology of the EMI modeling technique will be illustrated using an example of PZT actuator-driven mechanical systems. The basic components in the EMI modeling, including the electro-mechanics of induced strain actuators, the dynamic analysis of active material systems, and the electrical power consumption and requirements, will be discussed. Finally, some applications of the EMI modeling approach, including the determination of the optimal actuator locations;modal analysis using collocated PZT actuator/sensors;and the prediction of radiated acoustic power, will be presented. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Modal analysis

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An efficient mathematical model for interfaces between the host structure and smart devices

An efficient mathematical model for interfaces between the h...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Allaei, Daryoush QRDC Inc. P.O. Box 562 ExcelsiorMN55331-0562 United States Sound and Vibration Engineering Technology Program HTC HutchinsonMN United States

Accurate and efficient modeling of interfaces between structural components has always been an important concern in the field of vibration analysis. In particular, to actively and intelligently control the elastic motions of structures, smart devices (sensors and actuators) need to be attached to or embedded in structural components. In this article an effective semi-numerical approach for mathematical modeling of interfaces between the host structure and smart devices is proposed. The model is based on the component-mode syntheses via receptance method which is most suitable for vibration analysis and control. By utilizing the receptance method, large mass and stiffness matrices of the conventional finite element models are replaced by natural frequencies and mode shapes of the host structure and those of the attached or embedded elements. Three types of interfaces are investigated: point, line, and surface interfaces. Contrary to conventional methods, the line and surfaces are modeled as actual lines and surfaces rather than a finite number of points. The latter, drastically reduces the degrees of freedom and significantly improves the accuracy of the numerical values. Finally, such formulation results in a huge reduction in the size of the model and tremendous gain in computational speed. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Vibration analysis

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A time domain analysis of active control of sound transmission through an elastic plate backed by a rigid rectangular cavity

A time domain analysis of active control of sound transmissi...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Koshigoe, Shozo Ellis, Graham K. Aerospace Corporation P.O. Box 92957 M4/967 Los AngelesCA90009-2957 United States

A time domain model for simulating the noise transmission through an elastic plate into a rigid cavity has been developed. This model is used to study the noise attenuation capability and transient-convergence of the filtered-x LMS feedforward control algorithm. Piezoelectric transducers (PZT's) are considered to be bonded on the elastic plate and are used as actuators in the control scheme. In this study, the fully coupled acoustic-plate interaction equations are solved using time dependent Green's function techniques, where a time varying air mean density is considered. The effects that the time varying mean density has on the transmission of sound and on the stability of the filtered-x LMS adaptive controller are discussed. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Time domain analysis

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A PDE-based methodology for modeling, parameter estimation and feedback control in structural and structural acoustic systems

A PDE-based methodology for modeling, parameter estimation a...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Banks, H.T. Brown, D.E. Metcalf, Vern L. Silcox, R.J. Smith, R.C. Wang, Yun Center for Research in Scientific Computation North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States U.S. Army Research Laboratory NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States Acoustics Division NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States Department of Mathematics Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

A problem of continued interest concerns the control of vibrations in a flexible structure and the related problem of reducing structure-borne noise in structural acoustic systems. In both cases, piezoceramic patches bonded to the structures have been successfully used as control actuators. Through the application of a controlling voltage, the patches can be used to reduce structural vibrations which in turn leads to methods for reducing structure-borne noise. A PDE-based methodology for modeling, estimating physical parameters, and implementing a feedback control scheme for problems of this type is discussed. While the illustrating example is a circular plate, the methodology is sufficiently general so as to be applicable in a variety of structural and structural acoustic systems. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Flexible structures

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Development of a recursive ZAP controller with specific applications in flexible space structures

Development of a recursive ZAP controller with specific appl...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Jakubowski, Amy M. Helferty, John J. Bayard, David S. Department of Electrical Engineering Temple University United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology United States

When continuous-time systems are discretized in the digital controller design process, it is often the case that unstable discrete-time zeros (i.e., zeros outside the unit circle in the Z-plane) result regardless of whether or not there are unstable zeros in the original continuous-time plant. Such a system is recognized as being nonminimum phase. Unfortunately, many design techniques in adaptive control are dependent upon pole-zero cancellations and stable plant invertibility and, therefore, cannot be utilized when the plant is nonminimum phase. In this research, a matrix parameter recursive least squares (RLS) adaptation law is developed for the zero annihilator periodic (ZAP) controller first introduced by Bayard[7] and later extended by Jakubowski[8]. This direct adaptive control scheme allows for the construction of an optimal set of matrix controller gains that will place the transmission zeros of the system at the origin, alleviating the nonminimum phase condition, and force the system output to track a desired reference signal. This adaptive ZAP control law has specific applications in nonminimum phase flexible space structures such as the ASTREX facility developed by researchers at Edwards Air Force Base [16]. This flexible structure is a space-based laser that requires the control of three PZT struts that control the traverse bending in two orthogonal planes and one axial direction of a payload. Simulations are presented that demonstrate the performance of the adaptive ZAP controller on a 12-state, 2-input, 2-output partial model of one of the ASTREX struts, where the model of the particular strut exhibits nonminimum phase characteristics. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： controllers

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An experiment in feedforward control for the reduction of sound transmission through an elastic plate backed by a rigid rectangular cavity

An experiment in feedforward control for the reduction of so...

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smart structures and materials 1994: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Ellis, Graham K. Koshigoe, Shozo Aerospace Corporation P.O. Box 92957 M4/972 Los AngelesCA90009-2957 United States

The payload compartment of space launch vehicles is an acoustically severe environment with sound pressure levels that often exceed 130 dB. Many of the design constraints for satellites are driven by the launch loads and any reduction in these loads would allow lighter spacecraft and significant cost savings because of reduced launch weight and testing requirements. In order to determine the levels of sound attenuation possible in such an application, a simple experimental apparatus consisting of a flexible plate backed by a rigid rectangular cavity has been built to mimic the behavior of a launch vehicle payload compartment. An external speaker is used to simulate the pressure loading caused by vehicle exhaust and turbulent flow around the launch vehicle. This paper provides a comparison of the harmonic disturbance attenuation capability and transient/convergence performance of a fixed analog feedforward and a filtered-x LMS adaptive feedforward controller for the cavity backed plate problem using piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators on the flexible plate and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pressure and plate vibration sensors. controllers are developed for the first plate controlled mode and the first cavity controlled mode. © 1994 SPIE.

关键词： Vibrations (mechanical)

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Modeling and robust control of smart structures

Modeling and robust control of smart structures

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smart structures and materials 1993: mathematics in smart structures

作者： Tebbe, Chris D. Schroeder, Tim G. Butler, Robert K. Rao, Vittal S. Koval, Leslie R. et.al. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819411523

The design and implementation of control strategies for large, flexible smart structures presents challenging problems. One of the difficulties arises in the approximation of high-order finite element models with low order models. Another difficulty in controller design arises from the presence of unmodeled dynamics and incorrect knowledge of the structural parameters. In this paper, the balance-truncation reduced-order models are employed in deriving lower-order models for complex smart structures. These methods do not introduce any spill-over problems in the closed-loop response of the system. The simplified analytical models are compared with models developed by structural identification techniques based on vibration test data. To minimize the effects of uncertainties on the closed-loop system performance of smart structures, robust control methodologies have been employed in the design of controllers. The reduced order models are employed in the design of robust controllers. To demonstrate the capabilities of shape-memory-alloy actuators, we have designed and fabricated a three-mass test article with multiple shape-memory-alloy (NiTiNOL) actuators. Generally, the non-collocation of actuators and sensors presents difficulties in the design of controllers. controllers for a test article with non-collocated sensors and actuators are designed, implemented and tests. The closed-loop system response of the test article with two actuators and sensors has been experimentally determined and presented in the paper.

关键词： Shape memory effect

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