A small low-cost piezoceramic linear motor has been developed (and patented) in the U.S. and is being commercialized by EDO Corporation (***, NYSE:EDO), working with a leading motion control OEM and with a prominent U...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819436097
A small low-cost piezoceramic linear motor has been developed (and patented) in the U.S. and is being commercialized by EDO Corporation (***, NYSE:EDO), working with a leading motion control OEM and with a prominent U.S. corporate research laboratory. First generation motor design has emphasized high displacement (50mm) at up to 200mm per second velocity with 3.5 Newtons (3/4 pounds) force with high resolution, short time constant and a 15 volt power supply at a cost of less than $100.00. Motor dimensions of 30x50x4mm (1/3 the size of a business card) allow broad configuration choices, all hidden within the motion control slide. The EDO approach was to build on its core competence in high reliability electroceramic materials engineering & production, and to use a strategy of back-integrating, or outsourcing of recent advances outside EDO in piezoceramics, while forward-integrating into specific emerging applications known intimately by the OEM in the market. The strategy provided design focus that has led to a cost-effective advance in "solid-state actuation & control". This is considered a classic case of successful industrial integration of an enabling technology across organizations in order to access the needed mix of technology for development of an innovative and competitive solution.
As part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) SAMPSON (smart Aircraft and Marine Projects Demonstration) program, a team has been developing and testing the use of smartmaterials for quieting turbo...
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As part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) SAMPSON (smart Aircraft and Marine Projects Demonstration) program, a team has been developing and testing the use of smartmaterials for quieting turbomachinery. The team is composed of representatives from Pennsylvania State University, General Dynamics Electric Boat, GTE BBN Technologies, and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. Four concepts for quieting were proposed and wind tunnel testing, water tunnel testing, as well as computational fluid dynamic analysis were performed to down select two of the concepts for further consideration: protuberance and gap control. The wind tunnel testing was performed to determine the optimum shape of the protuberance. Water tunnel testing was performed at Pennsylvania State University/Applied Research Laboratory to establish the performance of the protuberance and gap control elements. Piezoelectric inchworm actuators, developed by Pennsylvania State University/Center for Acoustics and Vibration, were utilized for the evaluation of the two concepts. GTE BBN Technologies developed the control system simulation for the ultimate concept, and General Dynamics Electric Boat was responsible for hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic analysis. Naval Surface Warfare Center/Carderock Division performed hydrodynamic analysis and developed the rotary component designs for the water tunnel test fixture. Successful testing in the twelve-inch diameter water tunnel at PSU/ARL demonstrated superior performance with the gap control concept over the protuberance control concept, and efforts are on going to develop the final large scale demonstration. This paper summarizes the results of these activities.
In active vibration control. the modeling of the mechanical structure is generally done using the finite element method. The model obtained must be reduced to compute the controller. Model reduction must achieve two o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819436038
In active vibration control. the modeling of the mechanical structure is generally done using the finite element method. The model obtained must be reduced to compute the controller. Model reduction must achieve two objectives: the reduced model must keep its initial dynamic behavior in die frequency range of interest;and the influence of neglected dynamics must be minimized to limit die risk of spillover. In this paper, we propose an original criterion for the selection of the controlled dynamics. This criterion has the great advantage to be independent of the placement of actuators and sensors. First. the structure is successively reduced to only one mode. For each one, it is obvious to find the optimal location of one actuator and one sensor. Thus. we obtain as many SISO systems of second order as die number of modes. Then, the Hinfinity norms of these systems are computed and the modes are sorted regarding to their influence in the global response of the system. To show die efficiency of the method. it is applied to an experimental structure: an LQR controller is designed and several tests are performed. A comparison is also done with other classical techniques of reduction.
An experimental testbed is described that is used to study the feasibility of control of a class of flows that have low Reynolds numbers. The experimental testbed is comprised of a thin airfoil with a backward facing ...
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An experimental testbed is described that is used to study the feasibility of control of a class of flows that have low Reynolds numbers. The experimental testbed is comprised of a thin airfoil with a backward facing step machined into the upper surface. A thin PZT composite flap is mounted at the edge of the backward facing step to enable modification of the flow. Output measurement sensors consist of MEMs-based shear stress sensors, and conventional pressure taps, located on the surface of the airfoil. This paper derives a control framework for the synthesis of control methodologies for the testbed. A reduced order control model is obtained by employing reduced basis approximations of the two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Preliminary open loop experimental results are reported that illustrate the existence of convected large scale structures in the flow.
The concept of using embedded or surface-bonded solid-state actuators to effect shape change in carbon fibre composite laminates continues to have technical merit and appeal. Conventional laminate design methods tend ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819437107
The concept of using embedded or surface-bonded solid-state actuators to effect shape change in carbon fibre composite laminates continues to have technical merit and appeal. Conventional laminate design methods tend to lead to stiff structures, whilst it is easiest to impose a change of shape on a compliant structure. This presents a possible conflict of design and suggests that the useful performance of solid-state actuators will always be limited by the stiffness of the host laminate. One possible solution is to increase the in-plane work capacity of the actuators either by using improved materials such as phase change perovskites like PLZT or improved electroding techniques such as inter-digitated electrodes (IDEs). In this study, the performance of several different actuator/laminate systems have been modelled to determine a baseline capability in pure bending. Four cases have been considered for different panel thicknesses and lay-up sequences. The materials performance and IDE design issues have also been addressed. Modelling indicates that even with conventional actuator materials, structural displacements can be produced which could provide useful shape change in applications such as missile roll control.
This paper presents the open-loop hover testing of a Mach-scaled (1/7-scale) rotor with piezoelectric bender actuated trailing-edge flaps. The flap motion generates new unsteady aerodynamic loads, which if correctly p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819436038
This paper presents the open-loop hover testing of a Mach-scaled (1/7-scale) rotor with piezoelectric bender actuated trailing-edge flaps. The flap motion generates new unsteady aerodynamic loads, which if correctly phased can be used to achieve active vibration suppression. The objective of the present tests is to demonstrate the open-loop control authority of the actuator-flap system. The model rotor was tested in hover condition on the University of Maryland rotor test rig. These tests were conducted using a Bell-412 Mach-scaled rotor hub. Trailing-edge flap deflections of +/-5 to +/-10 degrees were achieved in the 1-4/rev frequency range at 1800 RPM. The associated oscillatory rotor thrust per blade for 3/rev flap excitation was +/-6.9 Ibs (40% of steady rotor thrust per blade at 8 degrees collective). These results demonstrate the open-loop effectiveness of the actuator-flap system. Future work will include closed-loop control tests conducted in forward flight in the Glen L. Martin wind tunnel.
A theory for localized vibration control that is based on a partitioned Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) synthesis is presented. The present localized control consists of two components: a localized LQR controller tha...
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A theory for localized vibration control that is based on a partitioned Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) synthesis is presented. The present localized control consists of two components: a localized LQR controller that minimizes the control effort to attenuate the disturbances directly applied to each partitioned substructural system, and a controller that mitigates the interface transmission forces. The present theory is applicable both for quasistatic structural shape control and for the attenuation of structural vibrations. The localized controllers can be implemented in terms of strain actuation, proof-mass actuators, and strain rate-type active dampers. The basic features of the present theory are illustrated via numerical experiments as applied to the control of vibrations of a beam.
This paper is concerned with the real-time automatic tuning of the multi-input multi-output positive position feedback controllers for smartstructures by the genetic algorithms. The genetic algorithms have proven its...
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This paper is concerned with the real-time automatic tuning of the multi-input multi-output positive position feedback controllers for smartstructures by the genetic algorithms. The genetic algorithms have proven its effectiveness in searching optimal design parameters without falling into local minimums thus rendering globally optimal solutions. The previous real-time algorithm that tunes a single control parameter is extended to tune more parameters of the MIMO PPF controller. We employ the MIMO PPF controller since it can enhance the damping value of a target mode without affecting other modes if tuned properly. Hence, the traditional positive position feedback controller can be used in adaptive fashion in real time. The final form of the MIMO PPF controller results in the centralized control, thus it involves many parameters. The bounds of the control parameters are estimated from the theoretical model to guarantee the stability. As in the previous research, the digital MIMO PPF control law is downloaded to the DSP chip and a main program, which runs genetic algorithms in real time, updates the parameters of the controller in real time. The experimental frequency response results show that the MIMO PPF controller tuned by GA gives better performance than the theoretically designed PPF. The time response also shows that the GA tuned MIMO PPF controller can suppress vibrations very well.
A neural network-based control system is developed for self-adapting vibration control of laminated plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The conventional vibration control approaches are limited by the req...
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A neural network-based control system is developed for self-adapting vibration control of laminated plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The conventional vibration control approaches are limited by the requirement of an explicit and often accurate identification of the system dynamics and subsequent 'offline' design of an optimal controller. The present study utilizes the powerful learning capabilities of neural networks to capture the structural dynamics and to evolve optimal control dynamics. A hybrid control system developed in this paper is comprised of a feed-forward neural network identifier and a dynamic diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) controller. Sensing and actuation are achieved using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The performance of hybrid control system is tested by numerical simulation of composite plate with embedded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. Finite element equations of motion are developed based on shear deformation theory and implemented for a plate element. The dynamic effects of the mass and stiffness of the piezoelectric patches are considered in the model. Numerical results are presented for a flat plate. A robustness study including the effects of structural parameter variation and partial loss of sensor and actuator is performed. The hybrid control system is shown to perform effectively in all these cases.
In this paper, the concept of variable structure system (VSS) with sliding mode was used to develop a fuzzy controller for a class of nonlinear system. The proposed sliding mode fuzzy controller (SMFC) preserves the f...
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In this paper, the concept of variable structure system (VSS) with sliding mode was used to develop a fuzzy controller for a class of nonlinear system. The proposed sliding mode fuzzy controller (SMFC) preserves the fundamental property of sliding mode control that is stability and robustness in the presence of disturbances and model uncertainties. To reduce the number of design parameters in SMFC, we adopted the concept of parameterization or input-output mapping factor and devised a systematic tool for analyzing and enhancing the performance of SMFC. For demonstration, we applied the SMFC to the inverted pendulum problem. Simulation results indicates that the fuzzy sliding mode control perform well in the presence of disturbances and is insensitive to the parameter variation of the system.
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