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Non linear motion and force control of shape memory alloys actuators

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3667卷 337-348页

作者： Benzaoui, H. Chaillet, N. Lexcellent, C. Bourjault, A. Lab d'Automatique de Besancon Besancon France

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

Among the numerous studies published in the field of shape memory alloys (SMA), an important part is devoted to the thermomechanical properties of these materials. Few studies have been done in order to develop control laws of SMA actuators for temperature, position and force control with guaranteed stability and performances. The reason is that these materials have an highly non linear dynamic behavior (including hysteresis) because of the physical principle of motions which is a solid-solid phase transition (between an austenitic and a martensitic phase). It is then difficult to guaranty stable control and to predict the dynamic behavior in closed-loop (trajectory and effort). For this purpose, this paper is focused on control of such actuators. To obtain a control law for the closed-loop motion or force control, we use a non linear dynamic model performed in a previous work. With this dynamic model, we use non linear control techniques based on the Lie algebra to obtain the control laws for the position or the force closed-loop. Experimentation show that the proposed method is very useful for the control of SMA actuators.

关键词： Intelligent materials

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Simulation and control of SMA actuators

Simulation and control of SMA actuators

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smart structures and materials 1999 Conference

作者： Papenfuss, N Seelecke, S Tech Univ Berlin Inst Thermodynam Sekr HF 2 D-10623 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

A one-dimensional model for shape memory alloys is presented that permits the simulation of actuatoric behavior. It is an improved version of the Muller-Achenbach single crystal model and calculates the length change as a response to electric heating. Based on this model, a polycrystalline version is developed, which is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results. Finally, as an illustrative application,a real-time control is calculated for an adaptive beam using SMA actuators.

关键词： shape memory alloys simulation control smart structures actuators

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Modeling of piezoelectric smart structures including absorbing materials for cabin noise problems

Modeling of piezoelectric smart structures including absorbi...

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smart structures and materials 1999 Conference

作者： Kim, J Lee, JK Im, BS Chung, CC Inha Univ Dept Mech Engn Smart Struct & Syst Lab Nam Ku Inchon 402751 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

Modeling of piezoelectric smart structures including absorbing material was studied for cabin noise problems, The finite element method which uses a combination of three dimensional piezoelectric, flat shell and transition finite elements is adopted to model the piezoelectric active structure. The acoustic pressure in the cubic shaped cavity is represented in terms of modes of the cavity and the absorbing material is modeled using surface acoustic impedance. Finally, the effect of the cavity pressure is introduced in the finite element equations. The simulation result of sound pressure in the cavity is compared with an experiment and they show a good agreement. The cavity pressure is reduced in a wide frequency range except the resonance frequencies of the plate by applying absorbing material. It can be concluded that the piezoelectric smart structures with absorbing materials can be a creative technology for cabin noise problems.

关键词： piezoelectric smart structures sound absorbing materials finite element modeling cabin noise problems

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Position control of a two-link flexible manipulator using piezoelectric actuators

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3667卷 211-218页

作者： Choi, S.B. Shin, H.C. Kim, H.K. Kim, J.H. Inha Univ Incheon Korea Republic of

This paper presents a hybrid actuator scheme to actively control the end-point position of a two-link flexible manipulator. A highly nonlinear system model including inertial effects is established using Lagrange's equation associated with assumed mode method. control scheme consists of four different actuators; two servo-motors at the hubs and two piezoceramics bonded to the surfaces of the flexible links. Two sliding hyperplanes which have time varying parameters are designed for two servo-motors. The surface gradients of the hyperplanes are determined by pole assignment technique to guarantee the stability on the hyperplanes themselves. The sliding mode controllers corresponding to the hyperplanes are then synthesized on the basis of sliding mode conditions. During the motion, undesirable oscillations caused by the torques based on the rigid link dynamics are actively suppressed by applying feedback control voltages to the piezoceramic actuators. Consequently, desired tip motion is achieved. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology experiments are performed for the regulating and tracking control problem.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Computer-aided optimization of smart structures

Computer-aided optimization of smart structures

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smart structures and materials 1999 Conference

作者： Lerch, R Kaltenbacher, M Landes, H Simkovics, R Univ Linz Inst Elect Measurement Technol A-4040 Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

In this paper, the finite-element/boundary-element program CAPA(1) is presented, which has been developed by the authors during the last decade. With this software environment we are able to model quite different types of transducers which mostly ask for the numerical solution of a multifield problem, such as coupled electric-mechanical fields or magnetic-mechanical fields. Practical applications in the area of smart structures will demonstrate the applicability of the developed software.

关键词： Electrodes Magnetism Transducers smart structures Acoustics Sensors Actuators Software development Dielectrics Piezoelectric effects

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Damping of rod vibrations caused by impact

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3667卷 566-577页

作者： Oberaigner, Eduard R. Tanaka, Kikuaki Fischer, Franz D. Montanuniversitat Leoben Leoben Austria

Vibration damping through phase transformation is one major area of application of shape memory alloys in smart systems and structures. The authors of this study have shown in earlier publications, how damping of vibrating rods can be accomplished. Phase transformation due to heating/cooling is the tool for vibration damping in the past and present work. Here, an elastic, polycrystalline rod is considered, which is initially at rest, and from the time t = 0 on dynamically loaded. The loading function (pressure in the dependence on time) is in the simplest cases rectangular or bell-shaped. Special cases exist, which are equivalent to the release waves discussed in earlier papers. Heating/cooling is performed at the fixed end of the - after the impact - freely vibrating rod. This causes phase transformation on some parts of the rod according to the stress-temperature diagram. Thus, the governing equations are the heat conduction equation, the stress wave equation, the kinetic law to describe the phase transformation, and finally the constitutive law as well as a condition to ensure maximal damping. An integral equation algorithm is adapted to the impact problem for the numerical simulation. Results are provided for different, impact types and heating/cooling histories. These show the decrease of the energy divided by the impact energy depending on time.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Wavelet control model of suppressing vibration of beam-plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3667卷 658-669页

作者： Zhou, You-He Wang, Jizeng Zheng, Xiaojing Jiang, Qing Lanzhou Univ Gansu China

A dynamic control model of suppressing external disturbance to beam-plates with piezoelectric sensors and activators is developed by means of the scaling function transform of the Daubechies wavelet theory. By virtue of this new mathematical tool, an explicit formulation of identification of deflection configuration is expressed in terms of electric charge/current signals measured from piezoelectric sensors. After a control law of negative feedback of the identified deflection and velocity signals is employed, the wavelet Galerkin method or wavelet weighted residual method is used to determine a distribution of control voltage applied on the piezoelectric actuators. Due to that the scaling function transform is like a low-pass filter which can automatically filter out high-order signals of vibration or disturbance from the measurement and the controller employed here, this model does not lead to those undesired phenomena of control instability which is often appeared in a control system and caused by the spilling over of high-order signals from measurement and controller if no special technique is taken in the control system. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out to show the efficiency and ability of the control programme proposed in this paper. It is found that this control model is more efficient than a control program of convention to the example.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Homogenization of an active distributed network coupled with a continuous medium

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1999年 3667卷 255-266页

作者： Lenczner, Michel Senouci-Bereksi, Ghouti Universite de Franche-Comte Besancon France

In this paper we state the homogenized model of a periodic electro-piezo-mechanical thin shells. The electrical network is including resistive devices, tension sources, current sources and voltage to voltage amplifiers. It is distributed evenly on the surface of the shell. The model derivation is based on a two-scale convergence which is based on the two-scale transform introduced by T. Arbogast, J. Douglas and U. Hornung. The present work is based on some results of two-scale convergence of gradients which leads to the same results than the usual two-scale convergence introduced by G. Allaire. We apply these results and those introduced in the framework of M. Lenczner and G. Senouci-Bereksi for the electrical network, to derive the two-dimensional electro-piezo-mechanical thin shell model applying Reisner-Mindlin kinematic.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Piezoelectric displacement feedback control with time delay

Piezoelectric displacement feedback control with time delay

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smart structures and materials 1999 Conference

作者： Sloss, JM Adali, S Sadek, IS Bruch, JC Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Math Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

Distributed vibration control of an elastic beam is analyzed. The elastic beam is sandwiched between two thin layers of mono-axially oriented piezoelectric material. One layer acts as a distributed sensor while the other behaves as an actuator. A displacement feedback control with a time delay is implemented. In this feedback, the distributed sensor signal which is proportional to strains is amplified and applied to the actuator after a time delay. Because of the nature of the problem the control action enters as a boundary control. An evaluation of the control effectiveness, natural frequency and damping is made for the case of a cantilever beam. Comparisons are given with the uncontrolled cases and zero-delay systems.

关键词： control with time delay piezoelectric control feedback control smart structures

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Robust control of input limited smart structural systems

Robust control of input limited smart structural systems

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smart structures and materials 1999 Conference

作者： Sana, S Rao, VS Univ Missouri Dept Elect & Comp Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431419

Integration of controllers with smart structural system require the controllers to consume less power and to be small in hardware size. These requirements pose as limits on the control input and the order of the controllers. Use of reduced order model of the plant in the controller design can cause spill over problems:in the closed loop system due to possible excitation of the unmodeled dynamics. In this paper we present the design of output feedback robust controllers for smart structures in the presence of control input limits considering unmodeled dynamics as additive uncertainty in the design. The performance requirements for the design are specified as regional pole placement constraints on the closed loop poles. Formulation of this multi-objective design problem in terms of matrix inequalities resulted in a feasibility problem involving bilinear matrix inequalities(BLMIs) in the unknown variables. To facilitate the solution of this feasibility problem, a change of variables is used to convert these BLMIs into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be readily solved by the use of available,tools. Finally, this design procedure is applied on a experimental smart structure and the results are presented.

关键词： linear matrix inequalities output feedback robust control regional pole placement and actuator limits

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