In the present investigation, the helicopter blade is modeled as a rotating beam with two degrees of freedom, namely the elastic flatwise bending and torsion. A mathematical model in the frequency domain is developed,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
In the present investigation, the helicopter blade is modeled as a rotating beam with two degrees of freedom, namely the elastic flatwise bending and torsion. A mathematical model in the frequency domain is developed, incorporating the unsteady aerodynamic loads associated with helicopters in forward flight. The effects of dynamic adaptation of the root boundary conditions on the beam aeroelastic response are studied. The results suggest that it is possible to control the local dynamic response at particular sections of the beam by varying the frequency and relative phase of the control signal.
Using a generally accepted model we present a comprehensive analysis (within the page limitation) of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with PZT sensor-actuator and pure rate feedback. The emphasis is on the root locus - the dep...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Using a generally accepted model we present a comprehensive analysis (within the page limitation) of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with PZT sensor-actuator and pure rate feedback. The emphasis is on the root locus - the dependence of the attainable damping on the feedback gain. There is a critical value of the gain beyond which the damping decreases to zero. We construct the time-domain response using semigroup theory, and show that the eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis, leading to a ''modal'' expansion.
The feasibility of employing a passive control methodology using piezoelectric actuators to control panel flutter is investigated. An electromechanical panel model(1) containing distributed piezoelectric layers either...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
The feasibility of employing a passive control methodology using piezoelectric actuators to control panel flutter is investigated. An electromechanical panel model(1) containing distributed piezoelectric layers either bonded to the surface or embedded within the structure is used to control flutter. The performance of piezoelectric actuators is dependent on the mass to stiffness ratio, the configuration and placement of the actuators The physical programming(2) design optimization methodology to calculate the optimal actuator configuration is used. This approach reduces the computational intensity in large design optimization problems and completely eliminates the need for iterative weight setting.
Shape memory alloy (SMA) components can affect vibrations of structures through two mechanisms. The stresses in a SMA element that experiences phase transformations, as a result of vibrations, have an effect on the fr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Shape memory alloy (SMA) components can affect vibrations of structures through two mechanisms. The stresses in a SMA element that experiences phase transformations, as a result of vibrations, have an effect on the frequency-amplitude characteristics. Tn addition, a dissipation of energy due to hysteresis in a SMA element can reduce the natural frequency and affect forced vibrations. The present paper illustrates the mathematical foundations of these concepts. The method of solution of the equation of motion of flexible superelastic SMA dampers is discussed. Potential benefits to vibrating structures associated with a hysteresis in superelastic SMA dampers are illustrated. As follows from the results shown in the paper, the effectiveness of superelastic dampers increases with temperature, as long as the latter remains within the range where the martensite formation is possible.
We consider a mathematical model of the noise reduction problem, which couples two hyperbolic equations: the wave equation in the interior (''chamber'')-which describes the unwanted acoustic waves-and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
We consider a mathematical model of the noise reduction problem, which couples two hyperbolic equations: the wave equation in the interior (''chamber'')-which describes the unwanted acoustic waves-and a (hyperbolic) Kirchoff equation-which models the vibrations of the elastic wall. In past models, the elastic wall was modeled by an Euler-Bernoulli equation with Kelvin-Voight damping (parabolic model). Our main result is a sharp regularity result, in two dual versions, of the resulting system of two coupled hyperbolic P.D.E.'s. With this regularity result established, one can then invoke a wealth of abstract results from [L-T.6], [L-T.7], [M-T.1], [T.2], etc. on optimal control problems, min-max game theory (and Hco-problems), etc. The proof of the main result is based on combining technical results from [T.1], [L-T.1]-[L-T.4], [A.2], etc.
smartstructures include active control elements, hence the integration of structure design with control design in inevitable. This paper provides a step in this integration in order to achieve optimal performance. Th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
smartstructures include active control elements, hence the integration of structure design with control design in inevitable. This paper provides a step in this integration in order to achieve optimal performance. The approach presented here solves a mixed passive and active control problem with performances characterized by the so-called mixed H2/H∞ performances.
We consider a model arising in structural acoustic problems which is comprised of an acoustic chamber with flexible (elastic) walls to which piezo-ceramic devices are attached. The devices play the role of actuators a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
We consider a model arising in structural acoustic problems which is comprised of an acoustic chamber with flexible (elastic) walls to which piezo-ceramic devices are attached. The devices play the role of actuators and sensors for the model. The mathematical description of the model is governed by a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDE's) involving the wave equation coupled with a nonlinear dynamic shell equation (modeling the wall). The main aim is to reduce a pressure/noise in the cabin by the appropriate activation of piezo-ceramic devices. The assumed periodic nature of the disturbance (noise), leads naturally to the formulation of a periodic control problem. This, in turn, is strongly linked to the problem of stabilizability of the original model. Thus, the goal of this paper is to present new results on (i) uniform stabilizability of the structural acoustic model with passive damping applied to the boundary of the acoustic chamber, and (ii) an optimal control problem with ''smart'' controls activated by piezo-ceramic patches creating suitable bending moments in the structure. The control algorithm is constructed in a feedback form via a solution of a suitable Riccati type equation. One of our results shows the boundedness of the feedback gains in spite of the strong unboundedness of the control operators. This is due to the ''regularizing'' effects of shell dynamics which are partially propagated into the ''hyperbolic'' component of the structure.
Tensegrity structures represent a special class of tendon space structures, whose members may simultaneously perform the functions of strength, sensing, actuating and feedback control. Thus, these structures ideally m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
Tensegrity structures represent a special class of tendon space structures, whose members may simultaneously perform the functions of strength, sensing, actuating and feedback control. Thus, these structures ideally match the definition of smartstructures. This paper introduces the concept of controllable tensegrity as a new class of smartstructures capable of large displacement. The kinematics and nonlinear dynamics of one element of this class is derived and analyzed. Pre-stressability conditions are given and a particular equilibrium identified. The equations of motion are then linearized about this equilibrium and linear parametric models generated. These are next used for controller design. For control system design some of the tendons are chosen as actuators and some as sensors and a family of dynamic controllers designed such that the control energy is minimized while requiring output variance constraints to be satisfied. Another family of controllers is designed such that the output variance is minimized while requiring input variance constraints to be satisfied. The performances of these controllers are evaluated.
This paper presents an integrated finite element-control methodology for the design/analysis of smart composite structures. The method forms part of an effort to develop an integrated computational tool that includes ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
This paper presents an integrated finite element-control methodology for the design/analysis of smart composite structures. The method forms part of an effort to develop an integrated computational tool that includes finite element modeling;control algorithms;and deterministic, fuzzy and probabilistic optimization and integrity assessment of the structures and control systems. The finite element analysis is based on a 20 node thermopiezoelectric composite element for modeling the composite structure with surface bonded piezoelectric sensors and actuators;and control is based on the linear quadratic regulator and the independent modal space control methods. The method has been implemented in a computer code called smartCOM. Several example problems have been used to verify various aspects of the formulations and the analysis results from the present study compare well against other numerical or experimental results. Being based on the finite element method, the present formation can be conveniently used for the analysis and design of smart composite structures with complex geometrical configurations and loadings.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an integrated assembly of accurate and robust simulation tools for intelligent structures. Limitations of existing numerical models and cost associated with experi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424528
This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an integrated assembly of accurate and robust simulation tools for intelligent structures. Limitations of existing numerical models and cost associated with experimental models motivated this research. The emphasis is placed on the incorporation of structural analysis, plant modeling, control algorithm synthesis, optimization and performance evaluation into a single software package. The present paper includes finite element formulation of a coupled electromechanical smart structure with piezoelectric sensors and actuators, implementation of control design and evaluation of candidate control laws on the basis of finite element discretization. The discretized model predicts both mechanical and electrical responses due to the electromechanical loading and generates sensor output equations. An optimal independent modal space control is implemented and a rudimentary finite element-control package is developed to evaluate the performance of candidate control laws.
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