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检索条件"任意字段=Smart Structures and Materials 2000 - Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures"

共 617 条记录，以下是521-530 订阅

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Incorporation of structured uncertainties in a smart structural system identification technique

Incorporation of structured uncertainties in a smart structu...

引用

smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Butler, Robert K. Rao, Vittal S. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

The performance of smart structural systems is influenced by structural parameter variations, operating conditions and modeling errors. A mathematical model of the smart structural system must include not only the nominal plant, but also the uncertainties in the system. Often information related to these uncertainties is available during the system identification process, however, most system identification techniques do not address these issues. A system identification technique which incorporates structural uncertainties in the model of structural systems is developed in this paper. This comprehensive modeling technique is useful for the analysis and design of robust control systems for smart structures. The structured uncertainty modeling technique is useful for designing robust controllers such as H∞ and H 2/H∞. The H2/H∞ control methodology is particularly useful since it increases the stability robustness of the closed loop system while achieving a specified performance. This methodology is used in this paper for designing robust controllers for smart structural systems. A 2D lattice structure is used as the experimental test bed in laboratory investigation to demonstrate the identification technique. Seven interlaced beams form the lattice structure. A model including the first two modes of the structure is generated incorporating structured uncertainty on the eigenvalues. A H2/H∞ controller is designed and implemented on the lattice structure and closed loop experimental results are included.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Rejection of disturbances with a large sinusoidal component of unknown frequency

Rejection of disturbances with a large sinusoidal component ...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Bodson, Marc Douglas, Scott C. Univ. of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

An important application of smart materials and structures is the control of periodic disturbances or vibration in environments such as aircrafts and helicopters. In these cases, the source of the noise is a rotating machine, so that a large component of the disturbance is periodic. While it is often possible to take measurements on the machine that is the source of the periodic disturbance, concerns of reliability and maintainability sometimes make such measurements undesirable, if not impossible. Then, the problem is to attenuate a periodic disturbance whose frequency is unknown. An adaptive algorithm is presented in this paper for periodic disturbance attenuation, using the concept of a phase-locked loop. For simplicity, the disturbance is assumed to be sinusoidal. An approximate analysis is performed and the results are found useful to select the design parameters. Simulations are presented that demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to reject sinusoidal disturbances with unknown frequency, and to follow signals with slowly varying magnitude and frequency. The effect of measurement noise and of additional disturbances is also analyzed. The results provide numerical measures of the parameter variations and of the loss of performance in the presence of noise.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Piezoelectric sensor for beam vibration control

Piezoelectric sensor for beam vibration control

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Chou, Chan-Shin Chia, Yuan-Jui Natl. Taiwan Univ. Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

Piezoelectric sensor of a vibration control system is studied in this paper. The control system was based on the concept of active attenuation, the response of a structural elements can be cancelled by a control motion of opposite signature. The effectiveness of the control system was determined by the phases of the excited traveling wave and the control wave. It is found that the amplitude and phase of the sensed vibrational signal depends on the length of the piezoelectric sensor. The dependence of the phase and amplitude of the sensed vibrational signals on the length of piezoelectric sensors on a cantilevered beam were measured and compared with numerical results.

关键词： Piezoelectric devices

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Alternative smart materials

Alternative smart materials

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： James, Richard D. Wuttig, Manfred Univ. of Minnesota/Twin Cities Minneapolis MN USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

Presently, there are three types of smart materials available, ferroelectric-magnetic and -elastic materials. Prototypes of the three are PZT ceramics, Terfenol-D and Nitinol. Their advantages and disadvantages are well known: Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a large elastic constant and moderate actuation strain, and their dynamical response is excellent. Some antiferroelectrics feature a larger actuation strain. Terfenol-D displays similar mechanical characteristics but its dynamical response is limited by eddy currents. This limitation can be overcome in composites. Nitinol and similar shape memory alloys feature a large elastic constant and actuation strain but suffer from inferior dynamical response which can be overcome in small sections. The ideal actuation material would display a large actuation energy and superior dynamical response. Shape memory type materials display the largest actuation strains known. It is thus natural to inquire into the possibility actuating these alloys with a magnetic field to improve their dynamical performance.

关键词： Shape memory effect

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Optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators in intelligent structures using genetic algorithms

Optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators in intelligent ...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent materials/3rd European Conference on smart structures and materials

作者： Lee, I Han, JH KAIST DEPT AEROSP ENGNYUSONG GUTAEJONSOUTH KOREA

ISBN: (纸本)0819421650

Many piezo actuators can be used without increasing costs and weights of corresponding control system with common control command. Piezo actuator configurations which maximizes degrees of controllability are obtained using genetic algorithms, general optimizers. Optimal placement of piezo actuators is determined for a cantilevered plate, and it is observed that actuator pattern is closely related to the phase of modal control force of each actuator.

关键词： Actuators Genetic algorithms control systems Electrodes Composites Chromium Electronic components Optimization (mathematics) Aerospace engineering Genetics

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control of a ring structure with multiple hybrid piezoelectrical networks

Control of a ring structure with multiple hybrid piezoelectr...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Tsai, M.S. Wang, Kon-Well The Pennsylvania State Univ. University Park Univ Park PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A structural control concept, using multiple active-passive hybrid actuators (piezoelectric materials with active voltage sources and external passive RL circuits) on a ring structure, is investigated. A method is developed to simultaneously optimize the active control gains and the values of the shunt resistors and inductors. Kalman filter is employed to estimate the states of this multi-input-multi-output systems. Analysis results indicate that the proposed approach can suppress vibration and noise radiation effectively, and it can achieve better performance with less control effort as compared to a purely active system.

关键词： Piezoelectric devices

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Vibrations of rectangular laminated plates with embedded sensors and actuators

Vibrations of rectangular laminated plates with embedded sen...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Batra, Romesh C. Liang, X.Q. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

We use the 3D linear theory of elasticity to analyze the steady state vibrations of a simply supported rectangular linear elastic laminated plate with PZT sensors and actuators. It is assumed that there is perfect bonding between different layers. Numerical results for a plate containing one embedded actuator layer and one embedded sensor layer are presented.

关键词： Vibration control

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Toward the supervisory control of families of nonlinear regulators

Toward the supervisory control of families of nonlinear regu...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Hespanha, Joao Morse, A.S. Yale Univ. New Haven CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

A simply-structured high-level smart controller called a 'supervisor', has recently been proposed for the purpose of orchestrating the switching of a sequence of candidate controllers into feedback with an imprecisely modeled process so as to stabilize the process and cause its output to approach and track a constant reference input. The supervisor's unique feature, distinguishing it from other logics which might be used for the same purpose, is that controller selections is made 1. by continuously comparing in real time suitably defined normed output estimation errors or 'performance signals' determined by the nominal process model transfer functions and 2. by placing in the feedback-loop, from time to time, that candidate controller whose corresponding performance signal is the smallest. The paradigm is a manifestation of the idea of certainty equivalence from parameter adaptive control. The aim of the paper is to discuss some preliminary results dealing with the extension of these ideas to the supervisory control of families of nonlinear regulators.

关键词： Intelligent control

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control of linear smart structural systems using neural networks

Control of linear smart structural systems using neural netw...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Damle, Rajendra R. Rao, Vittal S. Univ. of Missouri/Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

In recent studies, neural network based controllers for vibration suppression of smart structures have been reported. Many of these controller have been successfully implemented in simulation as well as using PC based data acquisition hardware. These studies have shown that in addition to conventional controller design methodologies, neural networks offer an effective basis for design and implementation of controllers. With the introduction of the Electronically Trainable Analog Neural Network (ETANN) chip i80170NX by Intel and a digital neural network chip Ni1000 by Nestor Corp., hardware implementation of neural network based controllers has been made possible. These neural network chips have also found applications in other areas such as signal processing and character recognition. In this paper, the capabilities of the ETANN based robust controllers for smart structural systems have been investigated. Robust controllers like the Liner Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) are implemented on a cantilevered plate system using the ETANN chip. Specially shaped PVDF film is used as sensors and PZTs as actuators. The LQG/LTR controller is implemented in two neural network configurations for dynamical systems suggested by Narendra and Parathasarathy. Analog hardware components used in the interface between the ETANN chip and the actuators/sensors on the smart structure test article have been developed. Practical considerations and limitations of the fully analog implementation of the controllers which are not considered in simulations have been discussed in the paper. Practical consideration in training the analog neural network chip for optimal performance has also been described. Experimental results of the closed loop performance of the smart structural system are presented.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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Application of phase-lock loops to periodic disturbance rejection in smart structures

Application of phase-lock loops to periodic disturbance reje...

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smart structures and materials 1996: mathematics and control in smart structures

作者： Algrain, Marcelo C. Ehlers, Douglas E. Hardt, Steve Univ. of Nebraska/Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420905

This paper presents a simple, effective and economical system capable of suppressing periodic vibration (external or self induced) affecting a structure or payload. The approach used integrates piezoelectric materials/actuators, sensors, and low-cost electronics in a novel way. The key innovation is the use of phase-lock-loops (PLL) and switch capacitor filters (SCF) for the on-line identification, tracking and control of periodic vibration. This method concentrates its control action at those frequencies where periodic vibration is detected. Among the advantages of this approach are: it is conceptually simple, easily expandable and modular;the controller does not rely on a model of the structure, and it only needs some approximate notion of the frequency range where the periodic disturbances are expected to occur;it is robust and can be operated at high gain without loss of stability;it is not significantly affected by the presence of random vibration or sensor noise;and it can be implemented with inexpensive electronics. The effectiveness of this new approach was experimentally evaluated using a test unit consisting of a simple structure, accelerometers and Terfenol-D actuators. The structure was excited by driving one of the actuator with sinusoidal and random signals. The resulting periodic disturbances were measured using the accelerometers. The acceleration signals were passed though a bank of PLLs and associated SCFs to detect the fundamental frequency and harmonics. This information was used to drive another actuator that rejected the original disturbances, and attenuation levels as high as 30 dB were achieved.

关键词： Intelligent structures

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