In this paper, we address two issues: digital redesign of a continuous-time interval system using an interval chebyshev quadrature approximation method;and translation of the newly digitally redesigned pulse-amplitude...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
In this paper, we address two issues: digital redesign of a continuous-time interval system using an interval chebyshev quadrature approximation method;and translation of the newly digitally redesigned pulse-amplitude modulated controller into an equivalent pulse-width modulated controller via a high-order Taylor-series approximation method. Using this new interval digital redesign technique, the dynamic states of the digitally controlled sampled-data interval system are able to closely match those of the original analogously controlled continuous-time uncertain system for a relatively longer sampling period.
In this paper, a new active constrained layer (ACL) configuration is proposed to improve the active action transmissibility of the current ACL treatment. Introducing edge elements, the active action from the piezoelec...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
In this paper, a new active constrained layer (ACL) configuration is proposed to improve the active action transmissibility of the current ACL treatment. Introducing edge elements, the active action from the piezoelectric cover sheet can be transmitted to the host structure more directly. On the other hand, such a configuration still has the passive damping ability from the viscoelastic layer. In other words, it has the benefits of both the current ACL and a purely- active system. Analysis results indicate that the proposed new approach can suppress vibration effectively, and it can achieve better performance with less control efforts as compared to systems with purely-active or current ACL treatments.
An old-rooted endeavour of man, i.e. fabrication of material and structures taking inspiration from nature, is again actively pursued under a renewed name: biomimesis. This approach, once belonging to the realm of bio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819421650
An old-rooted endeavour of man, i.e. fabrication of material and structures taking inspiration from nature, is again actively pursued under a renewed name: biomimesis. This approach, once belonging to the realm of biological sciences, is based on the observation that, when one tries to embody our recognition criteria for biological organisms in an explicit list, nothing can be found on that list that cannot be mimicked by some inorganic system. Hence, a large variety of artifacts can be made, all possessing, to some extent, life-like features. Biomimetic arguments are today common reasoning in experimental studies about `origin-of-life' and in `advanced robotics'; a relatively new entry pertains to the area of `material science'.
smart material systems enable near collocation of sensors and actuators for controlled structures. Distributed sensors and actuators, placed in close proximity to one another, yield high bandwidth control systems that...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
smart material systems enable near collocation of sensors and actuators for controlled structures. Distributed sensors and actuators, placed in close proximity to one another, yield high bandwidth control systems that exhibit passivity characteristics that can be exploited in the design of robust structural control laws. Transfer function properties of Single-Input- Single-Output (SISO) systems with collocated sensors and actuators are well understood. In this paper, analogies between the SISO case and Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output systems with collocated sensors and actuators are developed. The analogies are based on the eigenproperties of complex symmetric matrices;namely, that the eigenvectors of complex symmetric matrices are orthogonal to their simple transpose, and that the eigenvalues of complex symmetric matrices are bounded by the definiteness of their real and imaginary components. These theorems are derived and applied to the analysis and control of nongyroscopic, noncirculatory mechanical systems. Transfer matrices of mechanical systems with collocated sensors and actuators are shown to be complex symmetric matrices whose eigenproperties are determined by the type of collocated feedback. These properties are derived for both the general damping case and for the case of modal damping. An optimal control technique based on the eigenproperties of complex symmetric systems is developed. The technique is a constrainted convex optimization program that can incorporate many different types of performance and constraint specifications. The technique is derived in the paper and a design example is included.
The electrostatic field in a fiber-reinforced composite cylinder with a piezoceramic core is investigated by using analytical methods. General solutions for composite and piezoceramic cylinders are derived by using Fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
The electrostatic field in a fiber-reinforced composite cylinder with a piezoceramic core is investigated by using analytical methods. General solutions for composite and piezoceramic cylinders are derived by using Fourier integral transforms. These general solutions are used to analyze the response of a cylinder to a band of radial pressure. Numerical solutions for displacements, electric field and interfacial stresses of a glass-epoxy cylinder with a core made out of piezoceramics PZT-4 or PZT-6B are presented. The numerical solutions confirms the complex nature of the coupled elastic and electric fields in the cylinder and its dependence on the material properties and the geometry of the composite system. The analytical solutions presented in this paper can be used to analyze a variety of stress analysis and micromechanics problems related to fiber-reinforced composite cylinders with embedded piezoceramic layers.
Electro-rheological fluids are capable of providing continuously variable damping forces in response to an electrical stimulus. Many prototype ER dampers have been described in the literature, most of these based upon...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
Electro-rheological fluids are capable of providing continuously variable damping forces in response to an electrical stimulus. Many prototype ER dampers have been described in the literature, most of these based upon exploiting the variable shear properties of the fluid. It is only recently that an alternative mode of operation - squeeze flow - has been identified and investigated. Squeeze-flow offers the prospect of simple forms of construction coupled with the ability to provide force levels consistent with industrial specifications. In this paper the authors summarize the principles of squeeze-flow operation and introduce a quasi-steady model to account for the vibrational behavior of a squeeze-flow cell. An experimental facility is described in detail and test results are compared with theoretical predictions. The paper concludes with some thoughts on future work into squeeze-flow behavior.
For the case of linear, time-invariant, finite-dimensional systems, the connection between the so-called standard problem of H∞ control and classical Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation is now well known. Indeed H∞-admiss...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
For the case of linear, time-invariant, finite-dimensional systems, the connection between the so-called standard problem of H∞ control and classical Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation is now well known. Indeed H∞-admissible closed loop transfer functions (i.e. those closed-loop transfer functions corresponding to compensators which guarantee internal stability of the closed loop system for a given open loop plant) can be characterized as all stable transfer functions which in addition satisfy a collection of interpolation conditions (explicitly computable from the original open loop plant). Not so well known is that this frequency domain-type approach, when interpreted operator theoretically in the time domain, extends mutatis mutandis to time-varying systems as well. In this short note we review the standard problem of H∞-control and its connection with robust stabilization, sketch how the standard solution can be recovered as the solution of a matrix Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem, and indicate how the ideas (including a notion of point evaluation and frequency response function) generalize to the time-varying case.
A general and systematic approach to control the longitudinal load transmissibility in a rod by coupling generalized substructures is presented. This approach illustrates a general concept of `substructure' by for...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
A general and systematic approach to control the longitudinal load transmissibility in a rod by coupling generalized substructures is presented. This approach illustrates a general concept of `substructure' by formulating the active controllers as virtual substructures coupled to the main structure. The dynamics and load transmissibility of a rod is modeled in modal state space form. The three control algorithms such as IMSC, ELVC and GSLQ are formulated as three different substructures also in state space form so that an explicit substructure dynamics can be realized. The performance of the different algorithms is based on the reaction force at the fixed end due to a disturbance force at the other (free) end. A performance measure is defined as the reaction force ratio of the closed-loop (coupled with the substructure) to the open-loop (without the substructure). The performance as a function of frequency of all three virtual substructures is presented. This general approach has provided a way to appreciate the effect of any substructure (either a controller or an attached structure) on the main structure. And it has important implication for designing substructures for the desired response of the total structure.
Shape memory alloy has been considered as an actuator for applications that require low bandwidth, high force, and large displacement. Two factors have limited the usefulness of such actuators: hysteresis and bandwidt...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
Shape memory alloy has been considered as an actuator for applications that require low bandwidth, high force, and large displacement. Two factors have limited the usefulness of such actuators: hysteresis and bandwidth limitation. This paper considers the hysteresis phenomenon from a control point of view. We first consider the application of the Preisach hysteresis model to describe the SMA hysteresis, and demonstrated experimentally that the two key assumptions: minor loop congruence and wiping-out property hold approximately. We then consider the feedback control of the force exerted by the SMA wire. By using a simple lumped temperature model, we argue that proportional feedback with a suitable range of gains would render the closed loop stable. This is verified experimentally in a simple experimental setup consisting of a flexible aluminum beam and to a Nitinol shape memory alloy wire that applies a bending force to the end of the beam. When the gain is chosen too high, clear instability has been observed despite the low bandwidth of this system (about 1 Hz).
Active noise control of a plate structure with multiple disk shaped piezoelectric actuators is studied. The plate is excited by an acoustic pressure field produced by a noise source located below the plate. Finite ele...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819420905
Active noise control of a plate structure with multiple disk shaped piezoelectric actuators is studied. The plate is excited by an acoustic pressure field produced by a noise source located below the plate. Finite element modeling is used for the plate structure which is modeled by a combination of 3D solid, flat shell and transition elements. In the optimization procedure, the sound energy radiated onto a hemispherical surface of given radius, defined as the objective function, is minimized. The design parameters are the locations and sizes of the piezoelectric actuators are well as the amplitudes of the voltages applied to them. Automatic mesh generation is addressed as part of the modeling procedure. Numerical results for both resonance and off resonance frequencies show remarkable noise reduction and the optimal locations of the actuators are found to be close to the edges of the plate structure. The optimized result is robust such that when the acoustic pressure pattern is changed, reduction of radiated sound is still maintained. The robustness of an optimally designed structure is also tested by changing the frequency of the noise source using only the actuator voltages as design parameters.
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