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Fully Integrated Multiplexed Wristwatch for Real-Time Monitoring of Electrolyte Ions in Sweat

ACS NANO 2024年第20期18卷 12808-12819页

作者： Cai, Xin Xia, Rui-Ze Liu, Zi-Hao Dai, Hai-Hua Zhao, Yong-Huan Chen, Shi-Hua Yang, Meng Li, Pei-Hua Huang, Xing-Jiu Chinese Acad Sci Inst Solid State Phys Key Lab Environm Opt & Technol HFIPS Hefei 230031 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Solid State Phys Environm Mat & Pollut Control Lab HFIPS Hefei 230031 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Mat Sci & Engn Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Transducer Technol Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Hefei Comprehens Natl Sci Ctr Inst Environm Hefei 230088 Peoples R China

Considerable progress has already been made in sweat sensors based on electrochemical methods to realize real-time monitoring of biomarkers. However, realizing long-term monitoring of multiple targets at the atomic level remains extremely challenging, in terms of designing stable solid contact (SC) interfaces and fully integrating multiple modules for large-scale applications of sweat sensors. Herein, a fully integrated wristwatch was designed using mass-manufactured sensor arrays based on hierarchical multilayer-pore cross-linked N-doped porous carbon coated by reduced graphene oxide (NPCs@rGO-950) microspheres with high hydrophobicity as core SC, and highly selective monitoring simultaneously for K+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions in human sweat was achieved, exhibiting near-Nernst responses almost without forming an interfacial water layer. Combined with computed tomography, solid-solid interface potential diffusion simulation results reveal extremely low interface diffusion potential and high interface capacitance (598 mu F), ensuring the excellent potential stability, reversibility, repeatability, and selectivity of sensor arrays. The developed highly integrated-multiplexed wristwatch with multiple modules, including SC, sensor array, microfluidic chip, signal transduction, signal processing, and data visualization, achieved reliable real-time monitoring for K+, Na+, and Ca2+ ion concentrations in sweat. Ingenious material design, scalable sensor fabrication, and electrical integration of multimodule wearables lay the foundation for developing reliable sweat-sensing systems for health monitoring.

关键词： graphene solid contact ion selective electrodes sweat sensing electrolyte real-time monitoring

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A Scalable BEV Perception Processor for Image/Point Cloud Fusion applications Using CAM-Based Universal Mapping Unit

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IEEE JOURNAL OF solid-state CIRCUITS 2025年第3期60卷 1002-1013页

作者： Feng, Xiaoyu Lin, Xinyuan Yang, Huazhong Liu, Yongpan Sun, Wenyu Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

The integration of multi-sensor data like image and point cloud for information complementarity is crucial for 3-D perception scenarios like autonomous driving. Recently, bird's eye view (BEV)-based sensor fusion is attracting more and more attention but the significant computational overhead constrains their widespread application at the edge. First, there are numerous irregular memory access operations in BEV fusion networks. For example, sparse convolutions (SCONVs) in the point cloud branch and irregular BEV plane mapping result in significant memory addressing and mapping overhead. Furthermore, multi-sensor fusion leads to rapid expansion of model size, making it difficult and expensive for single-chip solutions to meet the demands. Based on the above challenges, this work proposes an image and point cloud fusion processor with two highlights: a content addressable memory (CAM)-based deep fusion core to accelerate a variety of irregular BEV operations and chip-level parallelism design supporting flexible interconnect topology. The proposed chip is fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology. Compared with existing image or point cloud accelerators, the proposed chip achieves higher frequency, 2x higher area efficiency, and 2.61x higher energy efficiency for sparse point cloud processing. To the best of authors' knowledge, this work is the first accelerator for BEV-based multi-modal fusion networks.

关键词： Point cloud compression arrays Three-dimensional displays Semantics Parallel processing Topology Feature extraction Cloud computing Autonomous vehicles Network topology Bird's eye view (BEV) chip-level parallelism content addressable memory (CAM) diverse memory access multi-modal fusion

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Magnetic Field Enhanced Frequency-Selective Terahertz Detection via 3D Printing Micro-Helical Stepped and MoTe2 Coated arrays

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ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2025年第1期13卷

作者： Peng, Zhong-Ze Song, Qi Yang, Jiachen Zhang, Min Hou, Shao-Dong Zhang, Bing-Yuan Chen, Wei Lu, Yan-Qing Liaocheng Univ Sch Phys Sci & Informat Technol Shandong Key Lab Opt Commun Sci & Technol Liaocheng 252059 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct Key Lab Intelligent Opt Sensing & ManipulatColl E Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

Recent advancements in wireless communication have markedly increased data throughput and decreased latency in progressing toward sixth-generation (6G) networks, wherein the terahertz (THz) waveband offers significant potential. However, conventional THz sensors often suffer from high noise, low responsivity, and low spectrum efficiency, limiting their effectiveness for THz applications. Here, to address these challenges, a magnetic-enhanced frequency-selective is developed THz sensor by depositing an Au-enhanced active layer of MoTe2 on a designed 3D printing high-depth micro-helical stepped structure. This sensor, featuring four characteristic frequency points and an effective area of 107.12 mm2, demonstrated noticeable improvements under a 0.145 mT magnetic field at 0.1 THz: optical responsivity improved by 413.23% (from 3.32 to 17.03 MV W-1), noise equivalent power decreased by 80.51% (from 49.16 to 9.58 pW Hz-1/2), and the detectivity reached 3.30 x 1010 cmHz1/2W-1. This work highlights the potential of integrating 3D microstructures with novel topological materials for practical 6G communication.

关键词： 3D printing magnetic field enhanced terahertz sensing topological materials

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Sensitive Optomechanical Ultrasound sensor in an LED-Based, Low Fluence Photoacoustic Imaging System

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS

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IEEE sensorS LETTERS 2024年第12期8卷 1页

作者： Pieters, Cedric Verschooten, Tom Keulemans, Grim Lagae, Liesbet Kjellman, Jon Oyvind Rottenberg, Xavier Jans, Hilde Katholieke Univ Leuven Lab Soft Matter & Biophys B-3000 Leuven Belgium IMEC B-3001 Leuven Belgium Assiocated Div ESAT INSYS INSYS Integrated Syst B-3001 Leuven Belgium Ecole Polytech Bruxelles Nucl Metrol Dept B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Affordable and compact light sources, along with highly sensitive, broadband, low-noise sensors, are essential for enabling point-of-care photoacoustic imaging applications in resource-limited settings. Traditional systems use piezoelectric transducers, which often suffer from limited bandwidth and sensitivity, combined with solid-state lasers that are expensive and bulky. We present a potentially low-cost light-emitting diode (LED)-based photoacoustic imaging system featuring a highly sensitive optomechanical ultrasound sensor operating near thermomechanical noise limits. Utilizing a 620-nm LED, our setup delivers microjoules of pulse energy with 100-ns pulsewidths. We demonstrate its capability to resolve fine details through 2-D scan tomography, with minimal averaging for an effective sample rate of 100 Hz. Future improvements, including the development of larger LED arrays, multiplexed sensors, and on-chip integrated lasers, promise to enhance performance and further expand the technology's applicability.

关键词： sensors Optical imaging Light emitting diodes Optical pulses Ultrasonic imaging Optical filters Optical films Optical fiber sensors Sensitivity Photoacoustic imaging Electromagnetic wave sensors light-emitting diode (LED) optomechanical ultrasound sensor (OMUS) photoacoustic (PA) imaging sensor applications silicon photonics

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solid-state dewetting sputtered ultra-thin Au films for LSPR sensing chip toward African swine fever virus detection

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 2025年 382卷

作者： Lamtha, Thomanai Waiwijit, Uraiwan Duangkanya, Kamonchanok Lertvanithphol, Tossaporn Amarit, Ratthasart Tantiwanichapan, Khwanchai Sathukarn, Asmar Chananonnawathorn, Chanunthorn Hincheeranan, Wantanee Dhanasiwawong, Kittidhaj Choowongkomon, Kiattawee Sritrakul, Tepyuda Boodde, Orawan Sukmak, Manakorn Horprathum, Mati Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr Spectroscop & Sensing Devices Res Grp Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Kasetsart Univ Fac Sci Dept Biochem Bangkok 10900 Thailand Kasetsart Univ Fac Vet Med Dept Vet Publ Hlth Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand Kasetsart Univ Fac Vet Med Dept Farm Resources & Prod Med Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused enormous economic losses in the swine industry, with no effective vaccine or specific drug treatment currently available. The development of highly specific and sensitive detection for ASFV is crucial to better controlling the spread and management of this disease. In this context, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) arrays chip has proven great potential for detecting small molecules in label-free biosensor applications. Here, we developed a facile method for the fabrication of an Au NPs-LSPR sensor chip by depositing ultra-thin Au films onto glass slide substrates through magnetron sputtering at various deposition times, ranging from 9 to 18 sec. The subsequent formation of Au NPs was achieved by post-annealing treatment at 500 degrees C for 2 h. The formation of the Au NPs, including diameter, density, and inter-particle spacing, was found to be dependent on the deposition time, allowing tunability of the LSPR peak from 527 to 563 nm. Additionally, the prepared Au NPs exhibited refractive index (RI) sensitivity ranging from 36.118 to 92.165 nm/RIU. To evaluate the LSPR biosensor performance, the optimized Au NPs-LSPR sensor chips were employed in the detection of ASFV antibodies in swine blood serum. The LSPR response was investigated across a dilution range of 1:640-1:10240, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) with high specificity at the 1:5120 dilution level, which demonstrated twice the sensitivity compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Furthermore, these Au NPs-LSPR sensor chips show high regenerability, long-term stability, and good reproducibility, which are potentially valuable for on-site detection testing to prevent the spread of ASFV. Additionally, our proposed Au NPs-LSPR sensor platform holds great potential as a point-of-field (POF) device for detecting chemicals and biomolecules in diverse applications.

关键词： LSPR AuNPs chip Thin film Sputtering Dewetting ASFV

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TiO2 nanorod arrays@PDA/Ag with biomimetic polydopamine as binary mediators for duplex SERS detection of illegal food dyes

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2024年 1287卷

作者： Tan, Li Cao, Yanqiang Yan, Juanjuan Mao, Kang Liu, Li Wang, Xiaolong Ye, Weichun Harris, R. A. Zhang, Hua Lanzhou Univ State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem Key Lab Special Funct Mat & Struct Design Minist Educ Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geochem State Key Lab Environm Geochem Guiyang 550081 Peoples R China Ctr Inspect Gansu Drug Adm Ctr Vaccine Inspect Gansu Lanzhou 730030 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys State Key Lab Solid Lubricat Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Free State Dept Phys ZA-9301 Bloemfontein South Africa

Based on TiO2 nanorod arrays@PDA/Ag (TNRs@PDA/Ag), a better surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with effective enrichment and enhancement was investigated for duplex SERS detection of illicit food dyes. Biomimetic PDA functions as binary mediators by utilizing the structural characteristics of polydopamine (PDA), which include the conjugated structure and abundant hydrophilic groups. One PDA functioned as anelectron transfer mediator to enhance the efficiency of electron transfer , the other as an enrichment mediator to effectively enrich rhodamine B (RhB) , crystal violet (CV) through hydrogen bonding, 11-11 stacking, and electrostatic interactions. Individual and duplex detection of illicit food dyes (RhB and CV) was performed using TNRs@PDA/Ag to estimate SERS applications. Their linear equations and limits of detection of 1 nM for RhB and 5 nM for CV were derived. Individual and duplex food colour detection was successfully accomplished even in genuine chili meal with good results. The bifunctional TNRs@PDA/Ag-based highly sensitive and duplex SERS dye detection will have enormous potential for food safety monitoring.

关键词： Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) Polydopamine modification Duplex detection Illegal food dyes

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Optoelectronic in-sensor computing based on PD-RRAM array

Optoelectronic in-sensor computing based on PD-RRAM array

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Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2025

作者： Pan, Wen Hao, Zhibiao Sun, Changzheng Xiong, Bing Wang, Jian Han, Yanjun Li, Hongtao Gan, Lin Luo, Yi Wang, Lai Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684881

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) necessitates the development of low-power edge devices capable of efficient processing volumes of data. In-sensor computing provides a transformative solution by enabling in-situ data processing within sensor arrays. This study introduces a highly integrated PD-RRAM array for real-time in-sensor computing, which integrates photodiodes (PDs) with resistive random access memories (RRAMs). By consolidating sensing, storage, and computing, the PD-RRAM array achieve excellent efficiency and low power consumption, positioning it as a potential technology for future IoT applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： RRAM

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Self-aligned patterning technique for fabricating high-performance diamond sensor arrays with nanoscale precision

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SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022年第38期8卷 000-000页

作者： Wang, Mengqi Sun, Haoyu Ye, Xiangyu Yu, Pei Liu, Hangyu Zhou, Jingwei Wang, Pengfei Shi, Fazhan Wang, Ya Du, Jiangfeng Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Microscale Magnet Resonance Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Phys Sci Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Ctr Excellence Quantum Informat & Quantum Phy Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Natl Lab Hefei 230088 Peoples R China

Efficient, nanoscale precision alignment of defect center creation in photonics structures in challenges the realization of high-performance photonic devices and quantum technology applications. Here, we propose a facile self-aligned patterning technique based on conventional engineering technology, with doping precision that can reach similar to 15 nm. We demonstrate this technique by fabricating diamond nanopillar sensor arrays with high consistency and near-optimal photon counts. The sensor array achieves high yield approaching the theoretical limit, and high efficiency for filtering sensors with different numbers of nitrogen vacancy centers. Combined with appropriate crystal orientation, the system achieves a saturated fluorescence rate of 4.34 Mcps and effective fluorescencedependent detection sensitivity of 1800 cps(-1/2). These sensors also show enhanced spin properties in the isotopeenriched diamond. Our technique is applicable to all similar solid-state systems and could facilitate the development of parallel quantum sensing and scalable information processing.

关键词： Fluorescence

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ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical characterization of passive pixel arrays

ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical ch...

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244th Electrochemical Society Meeting (ECS)

作者： Corradino, T. Betta, G. F. Dalla Neubuser, C. Pancheri, L. Univ Trento Dept Ind Engn Via Sommar 9 Trento Italy TIFPA INFN Via Sommar 14 Trento Italy

The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space, HEP and X-ray detection applications, that can be produced with a commercial 110 nm CMOS production process. Among the test structures of the first two engineering runs of the project, passive pixel arrays with different pitches and layouts were included. The main characteristics of the produced devices in terms of dark current, depletion voltage, punch through current and pixel capacitance have been evaluated from IV and CV characteristics of the pixel arrays. Groups of four samples have been extracted from as many different positions within each wafer and electrically characterized to obtain information on the variability in the pixel operating voltage range and in the pixel dark current, reflecting variations related to the employed production process. The experimental data demonstrated a good uniformity in the considered parameters for different sample positions within the produced wafers, as well as for samples extracted from different wafers with the same substrate type.

关键词： Detector design and construction technologies and materials solid state detec-tors Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields charge transport multiplication and induction pulse formation electron emission etc )

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SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD cameras with continuous streaming at up to 100 kpfs and picosecond system-level synchronization for quantum imaging applications 2

SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD ...

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Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology II 2024

作者： Mos, Paul Wayne, Michel A. Ardelean, Andrei Ulku, Arin C. Charbon, Edoardo Bruschini, Claudio Rue de la Maladière 71b NeuchâtelCH-2002 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781510670846

The SwissSPAD2/3 camera family is based on quarter megapixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time gated imagers. The 16.38-µm low-noise pixels feature a single-bit memory and built-in all-solid-state nanosecond time gating without the need for external image intensifiers. Microlenses have also been made available to increase the overall system sensitivity, including for high NA applications. SwissSPAD2/3 are coupled to FPGA platforms enabling a virtually noiseless streaming at up to 100 kpfs. A 1-bit accumulation of frames to reconfigurable number of bits was programmed on the FPGA for applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). In other applications, a burst-mode read-out of 130,000 binary frames to a DDD3 memory of one sensor half was programmed on one FPGA for applications requiring full bitplanes. These initial configurations were extended to dual-FPGA systems capable of streaming data at near 100 kfps in continuous mode for long acquisition times. In such configuration one FPGA streams data from one sensor half to the other FPGA, which then sends the combined data stream to a host PC over PCIe at up to 3 GB/s. The eight PCIe lanes require careful design with differential routing and controlled impedance and the whole development presented significant hardware and firmware challenges. We also achieved full synchronization of two SwissSPAD2 camera systems over PCIe and characterized the pixel-to-pixel exposure timing alignment error to better than 150 ps with a time gate of 10 ns. The resulting platforms are unique enablers for quantum imaging applications, such as plenoptic maging, quantum LIDAR or quanta burst photography. © 2024 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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