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Laser induced graphene on phenolic resin and alcohol composite sheet for flexible electronics applications

FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS 2020年第4期5卷 042001-042001页

作者： Kothuru, Avinash Goel, Sanket BITS Pilani Dept Elect & Elect Engn Microflud & Nanoelect Lab MEMS Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad Telangana India

Harnessing Laser-induced graphene (LIG) on various substrates, its optimization and application for various electronic devices has increased in the recent years. LIG has been reported as an alternative process for the realization of graphene for flexible electronics with excellent strength, conductivity and mechanical robustness. However, in a single-step manufacturing process, the development of a cost-effective, scalable electronic system using LIG is very challenging. In this work, a novel, simple, low-cost, and solid-state approach has been introduced to print and develop LIG-based conductivity traces and patterns. Here, the LIG conductive zones have been formed on various platforms by using phenolic resin (PR). The LIG regions were effectively developed from direct CO(2)laser ablation on the PR and polyvinyl alcohol (PR-PVA) composite sheets. This technique makes it possible to easily create highly conductive arrays on various substrates for realizing the components and devices for flexible electronics. By utilizing the augmented power and the speed of CO(2)laser, and the ratio of PR-PVA, the optimal conductivity of the formed LIG on PR-PVA sheet has been observed. Unique characteristics of LIG on PR-PVA include simple synthesis process, flexibility, ability to form a thin film with desired conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. The feasibility and viability of the successful LIG on PR-PVA sheet was demonstrated for applications like the capacitive touch sensor and the pressure sensor matrix.

关键词： laser-induced graphene phenolic resin polyvinyl alcohol CO(2)laser flexible electronics touch pad

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development of a modal analysis accelerometer based on a tunneling displacement transducer

Development of a modal analysis accelerometer based on a tun...

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International Conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： P.R. Scheeper J.K. Reynolds T.W. Kenny Brüel and Kjær Sound and Vibration Measurement A S Naerum Denmark Mechanical Engineering Department Design Division University of Stanford USA

An accelerometer based on a tunneling displacement transducer is presented. The sensor is fabricated using silicon micromachining techniques for fabrication of the seismic mass, the suspension beams and the tunneling tip and electrodes. The demonstrated accelerometer shows linear response from 0.2 mg to 20 g (159 Hz), and shows a 1 kHz bandwidth. The electron tunneling accelerometer can be used in applications where both a high dynamic range and a reasonable bandwidth are required.

关键词： Modal analysis Accelerometers Tunneling Bandwidth Transducers Silicon Micromachining Fabrication Electrodes Electrons

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Array of X and gamma ray scintillator detector for space gamma ray telescope application

Array of X and gamma ray scintillator detector for space gam...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Claudio Labanti Martino Marisaldi Fabio Fuschino Paolo Bastia Barbara Negri Francesco Perotti Heike Soltau IASF department in Bologna Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Italy INAF/IASF Bologna Italy Thales Alenia Space Milan Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Rome Italy IASF department INAF Milan Italy PN-Sensor München Germany Germany

The instruments on board the latest gamma observatories (INTEGRAL, AGILE, GLAST) combines technologies based either on solid state or on scintillator detector, the first one being favorite when a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution is required, the latter being more convenient for large volume when worse performance are still acceptable. With the development of new scintillator materials and even more with new low-noise ligth readout devices the differences between the two techniques are narrowing and for some application the cheaper scintillator detector can compete with solid state devices. Furthermore both these detector concepts can be combined in a single compact device by means of the Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) technique that allows to discriminate direct interactions in silicon from scintillation events. Combined in arrays they can be the base for position senstive planes to be combined with coded mask in imaging instruments or the component of new generation Compton based telescopes. For this purpose two prototype systems have been designed and realized, both based on a 20 channels Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) monolithic array coupled to individual 1 cm thick CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals. In the first system the detector readout is implemented with ASICs tailored specifically to the SDD readout, while in the second system the PSD readout of the array is implemented. The performance of these kind of detectors tested in the various prototypes as well as their applications in new generation space telescopes are discussed.

关键词： sensor arrays Gamma ray detection Gamma ray detectors Telescopes Space technology Instruments solid state circuits solid scintillation detectors Silicon Prototypes

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Time-of-flight PET detector based on multi-pixel photon counter

Time-of-flight PET detector based on multi-pixel photon coun...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Chang Lyong Kim David L. McDaniel Alexander Ganin GE Global Research Center Niskayuna NY USA GE Healthcare Systems Waukesha WI USA

Geiger-mode multi-pixel APD is recognized as the best alternative solid-state photo-sensor for vacuum PMTs in various applications. Its magnetic field immunity and high gain have made it popular in MR/PET and high-energy physics detector research. In this paper, we utilized its compactness and high gain in the design of a TOF PET detector. In typical block detectors based on PMT, the full timing capability of both the PMT and scintillator could not be achieved due to the light sharing used in the Anger logic scheme. Since the Geiger-mode APD is a solid-state based technology, we can utilize one-to-one coupling between a scintillator and the photo-sensor to utilize the best timing capability of both. Also, the high photon detection efficiency of MPPC, Geiger mode APD from Hamamatsu, would help improve timing resolution. We made a block detector based on a 4 × 4 array of 3 × 3 mm 2 MPPC coupled to a 4 × 4 array of 3 × 3 × 25 mm 3 LYSO crystals to evaluate its performance. We have achieved an average energy resolution of 9% and 314ps coincidence timing resolution with very good uniformity. This shows that the solid-state based photo-sensor can be used for TOF PET detector. During the development of the detector, we recognized that a compact and low power electronic readout scheme is one of the biggest challenges, including its cost, for MPPC or other Geiger-mode APDs to be realized as products.

关键词： Positron emission tomography Counting circuits Timing solid state circuits sensor arrays Energy resolution Radiation detectors Magnetic fields Physics Logic

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15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscillator targeting NEMS array gravimetric sensing applications with a 300zg mass resolution

15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscilla...

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IEEE International Conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Guillaume Gourlat Marc Sansa Patrick Villard Gilles Sicard Guillaume Jourdan Issam Ouerghi Gérard Billiot Sébastien Hentz CEA-LETI-MINATEC Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509037599

The extreme sensitivity of nano electro mechanical system (NEMS) to atomic scale physical variations has led to the breakthrough development of NEMS-based mass spectrometry systems capable of measuring a single molecule [1]. Parallel sensing using thousands of devices will help to circumvent the small effective sensing area while opening new perspectives for applications that require spatial mapping. While the development of NEMS CMOS co-integration technology [2] is of paramount importance to achieve high density sensor arrays (>1000 devices), the readout circuitry capable of tracking NEMS resonator frequency shifts is still the limiting factor for the very large scale integration of individually addressed sensors. Moreover, in order to resolve the mass and position of an adsorbed analyte, single particle mass sensing applications require to track simultaneously and in real time at least two modes of the resonators. This requirement adds complexity to the design of the overall system. To respond to the size, power consumption and resolution constraints linked to NEMS array measurement, we propose a compact heterodyne self-oscillator analog front-end IC which performs 1ms simultaneous dual-mode frequency tracking compatible with a “pixel-based” readout scheme. We report less than 1mA power consumption with a 300zg mass resolution for 26000μm 2 size.

关键词： Nanoelectromechanical systems Resonant frequency Frequency measurement sensors Phase locked loops Voltage-controlled oscillators

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development of X-ray/gamma-ray imaging spectrometers using reach-through APD arrays

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2012年第3期7卷 C03038-C03038页

作者： Nakamori, T. Enomoto, T. Toizumi, T. Tokoyoda, K. Yatsu, Y. Kawai, N. Kataoka, J. Ishikawa, Y. Kawai, T. Kawabata, N. Matsunaga, Y. Waseda Univ Res Inst Sci & Engn Shinjuku Ku Tokyo Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Fac Sci & Engn Meguro Ku Tokyo 152 Japan Hamamatsu Photon KK Solid State Div Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan

We present spectroscopic capability of a position sensitive detector using a large area reach-through avalanche photodiode (APD) array, mainly for astronomical applications. It is quite important to obtain wide band spectra of high energy astrophysical phenomena simultaneously in order to probe emission processes or structures. Especially observations of transient objects, such as gamma-ray bursts of active galactic nuclei, require detectors with wide energy band coverage for the sake of an efficient spectroscopy within limited time windows. An APD is a compact semiconductor photon sensor with an internal gain which is often up to similar to 100. A reach-through type APD has a thicker depletion layer thus higher efficiency for direct X-ray detection compared to a reverse type APD. We have developed 1-dimensional reach-through APD arrays which consist of 8 and 16 segments with a pixel size of 2.2x16 and 1.1x16 mm(2). We demonstrated quite uniform gain and energy resolution for 5.9 keV X-ray over the pixels of these arrays. Subsequently we constructed X-ray/gamma-ray detector using the APD array optically coupled to a conventional CsI(T1) scintillator which demonstrated energy coverage typically from 1 keV to 1 MeV.

关键词： Imaging spectroscopy X-ray detectors and telescopes Gamma detectors

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Finite element simulation strategies for microfluidic devices with chemical reactions

Finite element simulation strategies for microfluidic device...

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International Conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： I.-M. Hsing R. Srinivasan M.P. Harold K.F. Jensen M.A. Schmidt Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA DuPont Central Research and Development Wilmington DE USA

We present a general Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) based model for simulation of two- and three-dimensional (2- and 3-D) fluid flow, thermal fields, and chemical species concentrations in microfluidic devices. This approach incorporates a flexible mesh generation procedure that enables us to explore different microfluidic device designs for chemical processing and chemical sensor applications. Simulation results are validated by comparisons with experimental data for a microchemical device. The good agreement between simulations and experiments demonstrates the ability of FEM solutions to provide accurate simulations of microfluidic chemical devices.

关键词： Finite element methods Microfluidics Chemical vapor deposition Chemical sensors Inductors Chemical technology Biological system modeling Mesh generation Chemical processes Toxic chemicals

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A 0.18µm CMOS SoC for a 100m-range 10fps 200×96-pixel time-of-flight depth sensor

A 0.18µm CMOS SoC for a 100m-range 10fps 200×96-pixel time...

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IEEE International Conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Cristiano Niclass Mineki Soga Hiroyuki Matsubara Masaru Ogawa Manabu Kagami Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories Inc. Nagakute Japan

A number of potentially low-cost time-of-flight (ToF) 3D image sensors aiming at consumer electronics applications have recently appeared in CMOS. Diffused-light sensors taking advantage of SPAD pixels, conventional and pinned-photodiode lock-in pixels demonstrate centimeter-ranging performance in distances of typically up to 6m, and with the exception of, under low background light (BG) conditions. In those approaches, however, performance tends to rapidly deteriorate in severe BG conditions, such as outdoors, and long-distance ranges have yet to be reported. Another common limitation is their inability to cope with multi-echo target environments. Higher optical signal-to-background ratio (SBR), and hence better performance, is typically achieved by laser-scanning approaches, e.g. employing polygonal or MEMS mirrors. With the emerging need for high-resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies in advanced driving-assistance systems (ADAS), we introduce an SoC that performs time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and complete DSP for a 100m-range ToF sensor. The chip provides the system-level electronics with a serial and low-bit-rate digital interface for: multi-echo distance, distance reliability, intensity, and BG-only intensity, thus mitigating system-level complexity and cost.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits Photonics Histograms Digital signal processing Laser beams System-on-chip arrays

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A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Rogers, Christopher Piggott, Alexander Y. Thomson, David J. Wiser, Robert F. Opris, Ion E. Fortune, Steven A. Compston, Andrew J. Gondarenko, Alexander Meng, Fanfan Chen, Xia Reed, Graham T. Nicolaescu, Remus Pointcloud Inc San FranciscoCA94107 United States Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton University Road Southampton HampshireSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Opris Consulting San JoseCA95138 United States

Accurate 3D imaging is essential for machines to map and interact with the physical world[1, 2]. While numerous 3D imaging technologies exist, each addressing niche applications with varying degrees of success, none have achieved the breadth of applicability and impact that digital image sensors have achieved in the 2D imaging world[3-10]. A large-scale two-dimensional array of coherent detector pixels operating as a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system could serve as a universal 3D imaging platform. Such a system would offer high depth accuracy and immunity to interference from sunlight, as well as the ability to directly measure the velocity of moving objects[11]. However, due to difficulties in providing electrical and photonic connections to every pixel, previous systems have been restricted to fewer than 20 pixels[12-15]. Here, we demonstrate the first large-scale coherent detector array consisting of 512 (32×16) pixels, and its operation in a 3D imaging system. Leveraging recent advances in the monolithic integration of photonic and electronic circuits, a dense array of optical heterodyne detectors is combined with an integrated electronic readout architecture, enabling straightforward scaling to arbitrarily large arrays. Meanwhile, two-axis solid-state beam steering eliminates any tradeoff between field of view and range. Operating at the quantum noise limit[16, 17], our system achieves an accuracy of 3.1 mm at a distance of 75 metres using only 4 mW of light, an order of magnitude more accurate than existing solid-state systems at such ranges. Future reductions of pixel size using state-of-the-art components could yield resolutions in excess of 20 megapixels for arrays the size of a consumer camera sensor. This result paves the way for the development and proliferation of low cost, compact, and high performance 3D imaging cameras, enabling new applications from robotics and autonomous navigation to augmented reality and healthcare. Copyright © 2020, Th

关键词： Pixels

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A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array

A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Compu...

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International Conference on solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Hua Chen Yiming Qu Wenhao Wu Yi Zhao School of Integrated Circuits East China Normal University Shanghai China China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Jiaxing China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350361834

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361841

With the development of deep learning models, deploying neural networks to resource-limited edge devices has become a trend. However, the high computation requirements and energy consumption of neural network models have limited their development. Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) features high energy efficiency, providing new opportunities for the edge deployment of neural networks. The system needs to support different types of neural network models in practical applications, and the system-level application is still immature. This paper proposes a heterogeneous system integrating analog in-memory computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system reserves multiple sensor interfaces for access and preprocessing peripherals, including digital NN accelerators and AIMC, which can effectively execute various layers in neural network models, achieving complete end-to-end neural network inference. Depending on the size and number of FC layers, the system has varying degrees of improvement in inference time and RAM occupation.

关键词： Integrated circuit technology Energy consumption Computational modeling Random access memory Multichip modules Artificial neural networks In-memory computing Market research Energy efficiency Field programmable gate arrays

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