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developments in localisation sensor systems

sensor REVIEW 2008年第2期28卷 98-101页

作者： Connolly, Christine Stalactite Technologies Ltd Wakefield UK

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report the development trends and emerging applications of non-GPS localisation sensors. Design/methodology/approach - The principles of gyroscopes and micro-electro-mechanical systems-based inertial sensors are introduced, followed by a review of products from various companies, and their applications. Findings - Highly integrated systems in robust solid-state materials are being packed into smaller housings, opening up new applications for inertial navigation sensors. The Kalman filter algorithm is widely used to remove noise from multi-sensor data and provide reliable attitude and heading measurements. applications range from stabilising cameras and detecting the motion of towed sonar arrays, to autonomous robot navigation, motion analysis in sports science, and navigating first-response rescue workers in disaster zones. Originality/value - Concentrates on non-GPS localisation technology, and shows that new developments are revolutionising position-finding and position-controlling applications.

关键词： intelligent sensors localization measurement

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CMOS active pixel sensor star tracker with regional electronic shutter

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IEEE JOURNAL OF solid-state CIRCUITS 1997年第2期32卷 285-288页

作者： YadidPecht, O Pain, B Staller, C Clark, C Fossum, E Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

A 64 x 64 element CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) for star tracker applications is reported. The chip features an innovative regional electronic shutter through the use of an individual pixel reset architecture, Using the regional electronic shutter, each star in the field of view can have its own integration period, This way, simultaneous capture of bright stars with dim stars is accommodated, enabling a large increase in tracker capability. The chip achieves 80 dB dynamic range, 50 e-rms read noise, low dark current, and excellent electronic shutter linearity.

关键词： active pixel sensors dynamic range electronic shutter image sensors photodiode arrays

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solid state IMAGE SENSING: A NEW AND VERSATILE TOOL FOR SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

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1974年 716-721页

作者： Weckler, Gene P.

Recent developments pertaining to solid state image sensors are reviewed. Advances in signal processing are discussed and characteristics and performance of typical sensor arrays are presented. New and novel applications ranging from scientific instruments to non-contact measurements for industrial process control. The basic device consists of a silicon chip containing a row of photodiodes and a parallel shift register. Connected to each stage of the shift register is the gate of an MOS switch which couples the adjacent photodiode to a common video line. Both linear and area arrays have emerged from the development stage. New and novel applications ranging from scientific instruments to non-contact measurements for industrial process control are described and illustrated.

关键词： SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES, PHOTODIODE

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The first study of a flat vacuum image sensor with a field-emitter array

The first study of a flat vacuum image sensor with a field-e...

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Conference on solid state sensor arrays - development and applications

作者： Yamagishi, T Nanba, M Okazaki, S Tanioka, K Sato, F Egami, N NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories 1-10-11 Kinuta Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819424307

To develop a high-definition image sensor having ultra-high sensitivity far superior to CCDs, A new compact image sensor consisting of a matrix field emitter array (FEA) and a high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor (HARP) target is studied. Most research on devices with FEAs has so far focused on flat displays and high-frequency devices. Although the concept of a flat image sensor with FEAs has been proposed before, image sensors with FEAs have yet to be fabricated. In this paper, the fundamental driving characteristics of a new flat image sensor comprised of an X-Y matrix FEA set face to face with a HARP target have been investigated in a vacuum chamber for the first time. Experiments confirmed that the device successfully picks up images. High-sensitivity is achieved with the HARP target, and the temporal fluctuation and spatial variation of the emission currents obtained from the FEA have almost no effect on the signal output currents. Furthermore, the resolution characteristics are affected by the mesh voltage and by divergence of the emission from the field emitter (FE) tips.

关键词： field emitter array FEA image sensor HARP target field emitter image sensor FEIS cold cathode vacuum micro-electronics

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Fabrication of oxygen electrode arrays and their incorporation into sensors for measuring biochemical oxygen demand

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 1997年第1-2期357卷 41-49页

作者： Yang, Z Sasaki, S Karube, I Suzuki, H Univ Tokyo Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr Meguro Ku Tokyo 153 Japan Univ Tsukuba Inst Mat Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan

Miniature Clark-type oxygen electrode arrays were fabricated using thin film technology. Each oxygen electrode comprised a silver cathode and a Ag/AgCl anode. The use of a dry electrolyte containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) permitted the use of solid state fabrication processes. The electrolyte was left dry until it was used, when the water essential for oxygen reduction was introduced through a gas-permeable membrane and absorbed by the PVP. The miniature oxygen electrode arrays showed good characteristics for monitoring dissolved oxygen concentrations and could be mass produced with assured quality, The yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was immobilized onto the cathode of an oxygen electrode using a photo-crosslinkable resin and the response of the sensor was the difference between the output of a yeast-immobilized electrode and that of a bare oxygen electrode. Measurements using the dual-type sensor for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were markedly simplified as air-saturated samples were not required, so air pumps and stirrers can be omitted from the sensing system. The BOD sensor was used for the analysis of real samples and the results agreed well with those determined using the conventional 5-day BOD determination method. This is a significant step toward the development of a portable BOD measuring system incorporating disposable electrodes and containing no mechanical parts. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： oxygen electrode arrays sensors biochemical oxygen demand

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Versatile building-block architecture for large area, high performance CCD imagers

Versatile building-block architecture for large area, high p...

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Conference on solid state sensor arrays - development and applications II

作者： Theuwissen, A Beenhakkers, M Dillen, B Folkerts, HO Heyns, H Korthout, L Kreider, G Opmeer, P Peek, H Roks, E Rosner, H van der Sijde, A Vledder, F Philips Imaging Technol NL-5656 AA Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819427411

A bouwblok (building-block) concept is described which allows one to fabricate several large area CCD image sensors from a single mask set. The size of the various imagers can differ both horizontally as well as vertically. The new method drastically reduces the development time and the associated cost of a new sensor. Because all imagers use of same basic pixel structure, the characteristics of new configurations can be fairly well predicted.

关键词： CCD imagers solid-state imaging modular concept mask stitching high performance imaging digital photography

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solid state single photon sensors for the RICH application

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2020年 970卷 163804-163804页

作者： Korpar, S. Krizan, P. Univ Maribor Fac Chem & Chem Engn Maribor Slovenia J Stefan Inst Ljubljana Slovenia Univ Ljubljana Fac Math & Phys Ljubljana Slovenia

Silicon photomultipliers, arrays of avalanche photodiodes operated in the Geiger mode, are exciting novel light sensors for RICH detectors. In the present review, we discuss the motivation for employing solid-state single-photon sensors, describe their principles of operation and challenges of their use. We review the current state of development and the progress made with semiconductor sensors. We also discuss applications in ongoing and planned future experiments.

关键词： Cherenkov detectors RICH solid state light sensor Silicon photomultipliers

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Carbon Nanotube-Based Ion Selective sensors for Wearable applications

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017年第40期9卷 35169-35177页

作者： Roy, Soumyendu David-Pur, Moshe Hanein, Yael Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Tel Aviv Univ Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

Wearable electronics offer new opportunities in a wide range of applications, especially sweat analysis using skin sensors. A fundamental challenge in these applications is the formation of sensitive and stable electrodes. In this article we report the development of a wearable sensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode arrays for sweat sensing. solid-state ion selective electrodes (ISEs), sensitive to Na+ ions, were prepared by drop coating plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) doped with ionophore and ion exchanger on CNT electrodes. The ion selective membrane (ISM) filled the intertubular spaces of the highly porous CNT film and formed an attachment that was stronger than that achieved with flat Au, Pt, or carbon electrodes. Concentration of the ISM solution used influenced the attachment to the CNT film, the ISM surface morphology, and the overall performance of the sensor. Sensitivity of 56 +/- 3 mV/decade to Na+ ions was achieved. Optimized solid-state reference electrodes (REs), suitable for wearable applications, were prepared by coating CNT electrodes with colloidal dispersion of Ag/AgCl, agarose hydrogel with 0.5 M NaCl, and a passivation layer of PVC doped with NaCl. The CNT-based REs had low sensitivity (-1.7 +/- 1.2 mV/decade) toward the NaCl solution and high repeatability and were superior to bare Ag/AgCl, metals, carbon, and CNT films, reported previously as REs. CNT-based ISEs were calibrated against CNT-based REs, and the short-term stability of the system was tested. We demonstrate that CNT-based devices implemented on a flexible support are a very attractive platform for future wearable technology devices.

关键词： ion-selective electrode solid contact carbon nanotube solid reference electrode wearable device electrochemical sensor

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Tip integration on arrays of silicon micro cantilevers with self exciting piezoelectric sensor for parallel atomic force microscopy applications

Tip integration on arrays of silicon micro cantilevers with ...

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1997 International Conference on solid-state sensors and Actuators

作者： Indermuhle, PF Schurmann, G Racine, GA deRooij, NF Univ of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0780338294

Self sharpening tips have been integrated on arrays of cantilevers provided with self exciting piezoelectric sensors (ZnO) by using monocrystalline silicon micromachining. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of grids with periods of 0.25 mu m, 1 mu m and 5 mu m and with height differences of 100 nm, 15 nm and 180 nm respectively have been achieved with single cantilevers.

关键词： atomic force microscopy (AFM) piezoelectric sensors piezoelectric actuators

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New piezoceramic PZT-PNN material for medical diagnostics applications

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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2001年第10-11期21卷 1469-1472页

作者： Bove, T Wolny, W Ringgaard, E Pedersen, A Ferroperm Piezoceram AS DK-3490 Kvistgaard Denmark

The development of a new piezoceramic material, Ferroperm. Pz21, optimised for use in medical diagnostics applications is described. The requirements to such a material are very high permittivity, sensitivity and coupling factors, and at the same time a relatively high Curie temperature. The structure must furthermore be very dense and fine-grained, since dicing of small sub-elements for medical arrays must be performed without damaging the material. The developed material is a solid solution between a PZT phase and the relaxor phase Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3. A comparison between different production processes is given, and a new solid state route for production of very dense and fine-grained materials is presented. Very positive characteristics are generally observed, and a stable behaviour even at elevated temperatures indicate that the material can find applications not only in the medical market, but also as a more general sensor/actuator. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： functional applications perovskites piezoelectric properties powders : solid state reaction PZT

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