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Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and applications XII 2019

作者： Gach, J.L. UMR 7326 Marseille13388 France First Light Imaging Group Europarc Ste Victoire - Route de Valbrillant - Le Canet Meyreuil13590 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781510624764

Since the first photon counting systems in the visible, developped by Boksenberg and his collabortors in 1972, many groups around the world improved photon counting techniques. In the 2000's in the visible, EMCCDSs (electron multiplying charge coupled devices) allowed to replace the classical image intensifier photon counting systems by solid state devices and improved a lot the QE. But EMCCDs suffer from several issues, and the most important of them is the excess noise factor which prevents to know what is the exact incoming number pf photons in the case of multiple photons per pixel. In the infrared there was no equivalent to EMCCDs up to the development of e-APD sensors and cameras made with HgCdTe material (electron initiated avalanche photo diode). We will present the concepts of photon counting in the infrared with such devices and the main properties and advantages of infrared e-APDs compared to their visible counterpart, EMCCDs and the possibility to detect the photon energy (color) with such devices. © 2019 SPIE.

关键词： II-VI semiconductors

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Vapor-Phase Amine Intercalation for the Rational Design of Photonic Nanosheet sensors

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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS 2018年第8期30卷 2557-2565页

作者： Ganter, Pirmin Schoop, Leslie M. Daentl, Marie Lotsch, Bettina V. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res Heisenbergstr 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Ludwig Maximilians Univ LMU Munchen Dept Chem Butenandtstr 5-13 D-81377 Munich Germany NIM Schellingstr 4 D-80799 Munich Germany Ctr Nanosci Schellingstr 4 D-80799 Munich Germany Princeton Univ Dept Chem Princeton NJ 08544 USA

The development of vapor sensors with tunable sensitivity and selectivity is highly desirable because of the manifold applications ranging from air quality monitoring to food control. The design of such sensors remains, however, a great challenge. Here, we address this challenge by intercalating primary and tertiary alkylamines with varying alkyl chain lengths into H3Sb3P2O14 nanosheet-based Fabry-Perot interference sensors. As the sensors are photonic in nature, the different amines can be distinguished based on their intercalation time and optical shift. Since the amines are protonated during intercalation and therefore trapped, this allows us to use amine modification as the basis for creating optical sensors. Intercalation of different amines gradually and widely tunes the sensor's sensitivity and selectivity to various analytes. This adjustment of sensing properties allows us to construct a sensor array on a single chip, which can distinguish different volatile organic compounds. The color change of this sensor array upon exposure to solvent vapors can be tracked with the naked eye, making this system a promising platform for the high-fidelity identification of volatile compounds. The sensor design protocol presented herein is straightforward and robust and can be transferred to other nanosheet-based devices for the rational tuning of their vapor-sensing properties and beyond.

关键词： Nanosheets spectral shift air quality monitoring color change sensors rational design Intercalation photonic sensor arrays Amines

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Carbon Nanotube-Based Ion Selective sensors for Wearable applications

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017年第40期9卷 35169-35177页

作者： Roy, Soumyendu David-Pur, Moshe Hanein, Yael Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Tel Aviv Univ Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

Wearable electronics offer new opportunities in a wide range of applications, especially sweat analysis using skin sensors. A fundamental challenge in these applications is the formation of sensitive and stable electrodes. In this article we report the development of a wearable sensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode arrays for sweat sensing. solid-state ion selective electrodes (ISEs), sensitive to Na+ ions, were prepared by drop coating plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) doped with ionophore and ion exchanger on CNT electrodes. The ion selective membrane (ISM) filled the intertubular spaces of the highly porous CNT film and formed an attachment that was stronger than that achieved with flat Au, Pt, or carbon electrodes. Concentration of the ISM solution used influenced the attachment to the CNT film, the ISM surface morphology, and the overall performance of the sensor. Sensitivity of 56 +/- 3 mV/decade to Na+ ions was achieved. Optimized solid-state reference electrodes (REs), suitable for wearable applications, were prepared by coating CNT electrodes with colloidal dispersion of Ag/AgCl, agarose hydrogel with 0.5 M NaCl, and a passivation layer of PVC doped with NaCl. The CNT-based REs had low sensitivity (-1.7 +/- 1.2 mV/decade) toward the NaCl solution and high repeatability and were superior to bare Ag/AgCl, metals, carbon, and CNT films, reported previously as REs. CNT-based ISEs were calibrated against CNT-based REs, and the short-term stability of the system was tested. We demonstrate that CNT-based devices implemented on a flexible support are a very attractive platform for future wearable technology devices.

关键词： ion-selective electrode solid contact carbon nanotube solid reference electrode wearable device electrochemical sensor

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A substrate-independent fabrication of hollow sphere arrays via template-assisted hydrothermal approach and their application in gas sensing

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2017年 251卷 74-85页

作者： Su, Xingsong Gao, Lei Zhou, Fei Duan, Guotao Chinese Acad Sci Inst Solid State Phys Anhui Key Lab Nanomat & Nanotechnol Key Lab Mat Phys Hefei 230031 Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China

A substrate-independent fabrication of hollow sphere arrays on desired substrates were demonstrated based on sulfonated polystyrene sphere template-assisted hydrothermal approach. By using this approach, Fe2O3 mono/multilayer hollow sphere arrays with tunable shell thickness and sphere diameter have been successfully prepared. Specially, this approach is universal for many other materials, such as the metal oxide In2O3, NiO, Co3O4, MgO, ZnO, CuO and SnO2, and the organic semiconductor polyaniline. Moreover, we can control the deposition of these hollow sphere arrays on any desired substrate such as flexible, glass slide, silicon wafer and flat plate electrode, which is very important for their applications in many fields, such as gas sensing. As an example, the Fe2O3 monolayer hollow sphere array as gas sensor was investigated in detail. It was found that the Fe2O3 hollow sphere arrays-based sensor display enhanced sensing performances with easy controllability, nice repeatability, high sensitivity, high stability and high selectivity in certain conditions, superior to those prepared by other methods, such as brushing. Generally, the proposed template-assisted hydrothermal approach afforded a new facile and universal approach to fabricate mono/multilayer hollow sphere arrays on any substrate, which will show high advantages in applications due to the controllable in-situ growth of the materials on desired devices. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metal oxide hollow sphere array Gas sensing Sulfonated polystyrene spheres Template-assisted hydrothermal approach Desired substrate

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Flexible Polymer-Ceramic Composite Materials for High Sensitive Pressure Sensing applications in Harsh Environments

Flexible Polymer-Ceramic Composite Materials for High Sensit...

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作者： Varadharajan Idhaiam, Kavin Sivaneri West Virginia University

学位级别：M.S.

Robotics aligned with completing physical activities in the space environments will require a new suit of solid-state sensors that are versatile and robust, and will provide precise information about contact events with various space assets. One of the vital sensing mechanisms is the “feel-of-touch” or “tactile/haptic” feedback to the robotic system. Current robotics tactile/force sensor use mechanical switches for the feedback to determine whether the end-effector is in contact, which does not provide sufficient information regarding the local force and point-of-contact for the robotic end-effector. To tackle these challenges, the current work focusses on the development of flexible tactile sensor arrays that conform to the geometry of the end-effector and provide information about contact location, force magnitude, and force type. The sensor arrays were also composed of robust materials sufficient for the desired space application; the sensor system was designed to withstand the harsh environment, temperature fluctuations, and desired sensitivity. In this research, tactile sensor arrays were fabricated and tested, which were flexible, thick film, capacitive sensors that are composed of a 2:2 laminar polymer-ceramic composite. The composite was composed of four distinct layers, which consist of a polyimide support (Kapton film), patterned Pt electrodes, a compliant elastomer layer, and a ceramic dielectric layer (HfO2). Three different capacitive sensor architectures were developed to study the influence of the dielectric HfO2 layer on the sensitivity of the sensor. The baseline architecture was composed the compliant elastomer layer (Arathane 5753 A/B) sandwiched between the Pt electrodes. A bi-layer architecture was also fabricated with an additional HfO2 thin film deposited onto the elastomer in order to magnify the capacitive response of the sensor structure. In a tri-layer architecture, the HfO2 layer was sandwiched between elastomer layers to understand the i

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15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscillator targeting NEMS array gravimetric sensing applications with a 300zg mass resolution

15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscilla...

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IEEE International Conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Guillaume Gourlat Marc Sansa Patrick Villard Gilles Sicard Guillaume Jourdan Issam Ouerghi Gérard Billiot Sébastien Hentz CEA-LETI-MINATEC Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509037599

The extreme sensitivity of nano electro mechanical system (NEMS) to atomic scale physical variations has led to the breakthrough development of NEMS-based mass spectrometry systems capable of measuring a single molecule [1]. Parallel sensing using thousands of devices will help to circumvent the small effective sensing area while opening new perspectives for applications that require spatial mapping. While the development of NEMS CMOS co-integration technology [2] is of paramount importance to achieve high density sensor arrays (>1000 devices), the readout circuitry capable of tracking NEMS resonator frequency shifts is still the limiting factor for the very large scale integration of individually addressed sensors. Moreover, in order to resolve the mass and position of an adsorbed analyte, single particle mass sensing applications require to track simultaneously and in real time at least two modes of the resonators. This requirement adds complexity to the design of the overall system. To respond to the size, power consumption and resolution constraints linked to NEMS array measurement, we propose a compact heterodyne self-oscillator analog front-end IC which performs 1ms simultaneous dual-mode frequency tracking compatible with a “pixel-based” readout scheme. We report less than 1mA power consumption with a 300zg mass resolution for 26000μm 2 size.

关键词： Nanoelectromechanical systems Resonant frequency Frequency measurement sensors Phase locked loops Voltage-controlled oscillators

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Design and Implementation of QCM Virtual Sensing Schemes for Analyses of Volatile Organic Compounds

Design and Implementation of QCM Virtual Sensing Schemes for...

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作者： Nicholas Colby Speller Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

学位级别：博士

sensor arrays have evolved as powerful approaches for providing detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as required across numerous analytical applications. Such systems typically comprise a number of cross reactive sensor elements, which generate analyte specific response patterns upon exposure to VOCs, and are known as multisensor arrays. When evaluated using statistical methods, these response patterns facilitate classification of VOCs. As an alternative, a single dynamically operated sensor could also be used to generate analyte specific response patterns. This approach is known as a virtual sensor array (VSA) and can exhibit significant advantages when compared to MSAs. Some advantages include lower power consumption, sensor drift, material cost, and experimental preparatory time. Furthermore, several dynamically operated sensors could be used in tandem (using the MSA and VSA scheme in a complementary fashion) to fabricate virtual multisensor arrays (V-MSAs). Such systems would exhibit greater data density than either the MSA or VSA, and are promising for samples that are particularly challenging to discriminate. Among the various systems utilized for VOC discrimination, sorption based systems hold considerable promise because they are simple and inexpensive yet highly effective. This dissertation is focused on the development of array sensing schemes using ionic liquids (ILs), a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS), and binary blends of either IL or GUMBOS with polymer as recognition elements and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the transducer. Towards this end, ILs, which are defined as organic salts with melting points below 100 °C, and group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) which extend the melting range of ILs to 250 °C to encompass similar solid phase salts, were used to design the first examples of QCM based VSAs, and V-MSAs, for pure VOC and complex mixture analyses. Furthermore

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Combining nanoimprint lithography with dynamic templating for the fabrication of dense, large-area nanoparticle arrays

Combining nanoimprint lithography with dynamic templating fo...

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作者： Golze, Spencer D. Temple University

学位级别：M.S.

The study of nanomaterials is a developing science with potentially large benefits in the development of catalysts, optical and chemical sensors, and solid state memory devices. As several of these devices require large arrays of nanoparticles, one of the greatest obstacles in material characterization and device development is the reliable manufacture of nanopatterns over a large surface area. In addition, various applications require different nanoparticle size and density. High density arrays with small nanoparticle sizes are difficult to achieve over a large surface area using current manufacturing processes. Herein, Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) and Dynamic Templating are combined to create a new manufacturing process capable of developing high density arrays with small nanoparticle sizes. The NIL process involves the stamping of a polymer coated substrate by a silicon stamp with patterned nanofeatures. The stamp is then removed, leaving the pattern in the polymer, which is first etched and then coated with a thin layer of metal, filling the recessed regions of the pattern. The excess polymer is dissolved, leaving a pattern of nanoparticles on the substrate matching the pattern on the stamp. When Dynamic Templating is applied, a very thin layer of metal can be coated, which forms small nanoparticle sizes when dewetted. A custom NIL system has been developed to combine these two processes together, which has now proven to yield consistent large-area, dense arrays with a small nanoparticle size. An array spacing of 700 nm has been achieved, along with a nanoparticle size of 90 nm. arrays have been created in gold and palladium, where there is now the potential to combine them with other solution-based syntheses which should lead to complex nanoparticle geometries suitable for sensor applications.

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development of Low Cost Rapid Fabrication of Sharp Polymer Microneedles for In Vivo Glucose Biosensing applications

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ECS JOURNAL OF solid state SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015年第10期4卷 S3053-S3058页

作者： Barrett, Colm Dawson, Karen O'Mahony, Conor O'Riordan, Alan Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork Tyndall Natl Inst Cork Ireland

New approaches to enable more effective management of diabetes mellitus, such as continuous glucose monitoring are being developed both to prevent unstable episodes of hypo or hyper glycaemia and also to provide an improved user experience. One emerging approach to realize these requirements is to fabricate a minimally invasive transdermal sensor for the direct in vivo detection of glucose in the interstitial fluid. Microneedles - sharp, microscopic structures measuring less than 1 mm in length - have been previously employed to allow painless penetration of the stratum corneum for delivery of drugs and vaccines. In this work we present, ultra sharp gold coated polymer microneedle arrays (sub micron tip radii) which are fabricated using a low cost polymer replication approach. Critical dimensions of the microneedle arrays are characterized using a combination of optical and scanning electron microscopies. Fabricated microneedle devices are characterized by cyclic voltammetry to explore functionality. The voltammetric detection of glucose is performed using ferrocene monocarboxylic acid as an oxidising mediator in the presence of glucose oxidase. The biosensor can be applied to the quantification of glucose in the physiological range (2 - 13.5 mM). The sensors demonstrate high selectivity towards glucose with negligible interference from other oxidizable species including uric acid, ascorbic acid, mannose, fructose, salicylic acid (Aspirin) and acetaminophen (Paracetamol). This demonstrates potential future use of these microneedle devices for in vivo glucose detection. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. F

关键词： Glucose

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A Scalable and Adaptable Probabilistic Model Embedded in an Electronic Nose for Intelligent sensor Fusion 11

A Scalable and Adaptable Probabilistic Model Embedded in an ...

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11th IEEE Annual Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)

作者： Tang, Chen-Ting Huang, Cheng-Ming Tang, Kea-Tiong Chen, Hsin Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479972340

The electronic nose (eNose) mimicking the mammalian olfactory system has each sensor respond to different odours to different extents. However, the real environment contains multiple odours interacting with each other, such that the sensory signals of an eNose exhibit high variability and the responses to different odours usually overlap with each other. This paper presents the development of a scalable and adaptable probabilistic model for recognising eNose signals and realising the model as customer- designed integrated circuits. The scalability refers to interconnecting multiple chips to form a large network of probabilistic model for processing high-dimensional sensory signals, or to form a multi-expert system that is able to estimate the likelihood of belonging to different types of odours. The latter case could provide extra information for clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, on-chip adaptability is incorporated to learn new data distribution or variability in real time. By integrating the adaptable probabilistic model with eNose sensor arrays, analog-to-digital converters, and a digital processor on a single chip, an intelligent eNose microsystem will be formed for a variety of biomedical applications.

关键词： probabilistic models recognising eNose signals scalable architecture on-chip learning ability

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