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作者： Yang, Chao Michigan State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Electrochemical biosensors transform biochemical reactions into electrical information through various electrode transducers. With their high sensitivity and specificity, electrochemical biosensors are ideal agents to detect many inorganic and organic substances. Recently, the microfabrication of biosensors has matured to the point where high density arrays can be generated. A microsystem comprised of such arrays and an integrated circuit (IC) suitable for sensor interrogation and information extraction enables the capabilities of electrochemical sensors to be employed in applications that require miniaturization, including point of care medical diagnostics and distributed safety and security monitoring. In such a microsystem, the interrogation IC must provide extremely high sensitivity, to read the weak response from the miniaturized sensors, and be capable of multi-channel simultaneous readout, to support high density (∼100 elements) arrays. This dissertation focuses on overcoming the challenges and limitations in electronics that impede the development of electrochemical microsystems. Specifically, this research targets electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, an essential assay technique for many sensor interfaces. Several possible architectures for multichannel impedance spectroscopy were explored in this dissertation. The key functional blocks, identified as an impedance extractor and digitizer and a wide frequency range quadrature signal generator, were designed, tested, and implemented within a prototype biosensor array system to validate the design. The results of this research pave the way for further development of ICs for electrochemical sensors and lay a solid foundation for future implementations of fully integrated electrochemical impedance microsystems.

关键词： Electrochemical sensorsImpedance Bioelectric

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Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2008年第1期614卷 1-26页

作者： Lange, Ulrich Roznyatouskaya, Nataliya V. Mirsky, Vladimir M. Univ Regensburg Inst Analyt Chem Chemo & Biosensors D-93040 Regensburg Germany Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Dept Chem Moscow 119992 Russia

The review covers main applications of conducting polymers in chemical sensors and biosensors. The first part is focused on intrinsic and induced receptor properties of conducting polymers, such as pH sensitivity, sensitivity to inorganic ions and organic molecules as well as sensitivity to gases. Induced receptor properties can be also formed by molecularly imprinted polymerization or by immobilization of biological receptors. Immobilization strategies are reviewed in the second part. The third part is focused on applications of conducting polymers as transducers and includes usual optical (fluorescence, SPR, etc.) and electrical (conductometric, amperometric, potentiometric, etc.) transducing techniques as well as organic chemosensitive semiconductor devices. An assembly of stable sensing structures requires strong binding of conducting polymers to solid supports. These aspects are discussed in the next part. Finally, an application of combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput analysis to the development and optimization of sensing materials is described. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： conducting polymers chemical sensors electroactive polymers gas sensors combinatorial techniques electropolymerization sensor array

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联吡啶钌修饰电极固相电致化学发光

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化学进展 2008年第2期20卷 362-367页

作者：陶颖林志杰陈晓梅陈曦厦门大学化学化工学院化学系现代分析科学教育部重点实验室厦门361005

由于电致化学发光(ECL)的连续可测性、高灵敏度、稳定和方法简单,被广泛应用于分子生物学、药学、化学和环保等领域。而将可电化学再生的ECL试剂固定于电极表面,可获得ECL传感器,从而减少分析过程中试剂的消耗并简化实验装置。联吡啶钌... 详细信息

由于电致化学发光(ECL)的连续可测性、高灵敏度、稳定和方法简单,被广泛应用于分子生物学、药学、化学和环保等领域。而将可电化学再生的ECL试剂固定于电极表面,可获得ECL传感器,从而减少分析过程中试剂的消耗并简化实验装置。联吡啶钌及其衍生物在电极表面的固定化研究成为ECL研究的重要方向。本文综述了2004年以来联吡啶钌及其衍生物修饰电极的固相ECL的研究进展,并简要介绍了各种固定方法及其相关的应用情况。

关键词：固相电致化学发光联吡啶钌修饰电极

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Array of X and gamma ray scintillator detector for space gamma ray telescope application

Array of X and gamma ray scintillator detector for space gam...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Claudio Labanti Martino Marisaldi Fabio Fuschino Paolo Bastia Barbara Negri Francesco Perotti Heike Soltau IASF department in Bologna Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Italy INAF/IASF Bologna Italy Thales Alenia Space Milan Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Rome Italy IASF department INAF Milan Italy PN-Sensor München Germany Germany

The instruments on board the latest gamma observatories (INTEGRAL, AGILE, GLAST) combines technologies based either on solid state or on scintillator detector, the first one being favorite when a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution is required, the latter being more convenient for large volume when worse performance are still acceptable. With the development of new scintillator materials and even more with new low-noise ligth readout devices the differences between the two techniques are narrowing and for some application the cheaper scintillator detector can compete with solid state devices. Furthermore both these detector concepts can be combined in a single compact device by means of the Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) technique that allows to discriminate direct interactions in silicon from scintillation events. Combined in arrays they can be the base for position senstive planes to be combined with coded mask in imaging instruments or the component of new generation Compton based telescopes. For this purpose two prototype systems have been designed and realized, both based on a 20 channels Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) monolithic array coupled to individual 1 cm thick CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals. In the first system the detector readout is implemented with ASICs tailored specifically to the SDD readout, while in the second system the PSD readout of the array is implemented. The performance of these kind of detectors tested in the various prototypes as well as their applications in new generation space telescopes are discussed.

关键词： sensor arrays Gamma ray detection Gamma ray detectors Telescopes Space technology Instruments solid state circuits solid scintillation detectors Silicon Prototypes

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sensors for the high resolution astronomical imaging

Sensors for the high resolution astronomical imaging

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National Workshop on Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, AOMD

作者： S.K. Saha Indian Institute of Astrophysics Bangalore India

Optical interferometry with single aperture, as well as with multi-aperture require high quality sensor that enables to obtain snap shots with a very fast time resolution of the order of (i) frame integration of 50~Hz, or (ii) photon recording rates of a few MHz. Although advancement of real time compensation of atmospheric turbulence using adaptive optics (AO) system has made inroad in obtaining diffraction-limited astronomical imaging (mostly in infra-red wavelength), it needs high time resolution cameras. The performance relies on the characteristics of such sensors, e.g., (i) the spectral bandwidth, (ii) the quantum efficiency, (iii) the detector noise that includes dark current, read-out and amplifier noise, (iv) the time lag due to the read-out of the detector, and (v) the array size and the spatial resolution. Until recently, micro channel plate based intensifier is added before a CCD to gather the speckles or fringes of faint objects. Recent development of the solid state based non-intensified low light level CCD (L3CCD), which effectively reduces readout noise to less than one electron RMS has enabled substantial internal gain within the CCD before the signal reaches the output amplifier. After a brief presentation on the interferometry and adaptive optics system, the current trend and future progress in developing new generation optical/IR sensors will be discussed.

关键词： Image sensors Image resolution High-resolution imaging Optical noise Optical interferometry Optical sensors Adaptive optics sensor arrays Charge coupled devices Optical imaging

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大型紅外線天文學相機的發展

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科仪新知 2008年第167期 30-35页

作者：王祥宇

现代的天文研究与科技的发展有着密不可分的关系，尤其是固态电子侦测器技术的成熟，使得天文研究进入一个准确定量化的时代，大幅加速了天文学的发展。藉着天文对影像品质的要求，更多更先进的大面积侦测器阵列也陆续被开发出来。本文...

现代的天文研究与科技的发展有着密不可分的关系，尤其是固态电子侦测器技术的成熟，使得天文研究进入一个准确定量化的时代，大幅加速了天文学的发展。藉着天文对影像品质的要求，更多更先进的大面积侦测器阵列也陆续被开发出来。本文将介绍台湾参与的先进红外线相机计画，以此为例介绍天文相机的特性与要求，并且说明其与一般数位相机的差异。

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High performance large infrared and visible astronomy arrays for low background applications: Instruments performance data and future developments at Raytheon

High performance large infrared and visible astronomy arrays...

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Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology ii

作者： Beuville, Eric Acton, David Corrales, Elizabeth Drab, John Levy, Alan Merrillb, Michael Peralta, Richard Ritchie, William Raytheon Vis Syst Goleta CA 93117 USA Natl Opt Astron Observ Tucson AZ 85719 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468086

Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) has developed a family of high performance large format infrared detector arrays for astronomy and civil space applications. RVS offers unique off-the-shelf solutions to the astronomy community. This paper describes mega-pixel arrays, based on multiple detector materials, developed for astronomy and low-background applications. New focal plane arrays under development at RVS for the astronomy community will also be presented. Large sensor Chip Assemblies (SCAB) using various detector materials like Si:PINT, HgCdTe, InSb, and Si:As IBC, covering a detection range from visible to large wavelength infrared (LWIR) have been demonstrated with an excellent quantum efficiency and very good uniformity. These focal plane arrays have been assembled using state-of-the-art low noise, low power, readout integrated circuits (ROIC) designed at RVS. Raytheon packaging capabilities address reliability, precision alignment and flatness requirements for both ground-based and space applications. Multiple SCAs can be packaged into even larger focal planes. The VISTA telescope, for example, contains sixteen 2k X 2k infrared focal plane arrays. RVS astronomical arrays are being deployed world-wide in ground-based and space-based applications. A summary of performance data for each of these array types from instruments in operation will be presented (VIRGO Array for large format SWIR, the ORION and VISTA arrays, NEWFIRM and other solutions for MWIR spectral ranges).

关键词： infrared astronomy readouts megapixel focal plane array InSb HgCdTe Si : PIN Raytheon

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Design, optimization and testing of novel spectroscopic systems for investigating direct lanthanide photoluminescence and for the development of xerogel-based chemical sensors and materials

Design, optimization and testing of novel spectroscopic syst...

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作者： Holthoff, William G. State University of New York at Buffalo

学位级别：Ph.D.

This dissertation centers on the design and testing of new instrumentation and techniques for: (1) high throughput screening of optical sensing films, arrays and biodegradable materials; (2) novel radioluminescent light sources for remote sensing applications; and (3) direct lanthanide (iiI) photoluminescence measurements. First, this dissertation describes our approach to characterize the physicochemical properties within xerogel-based composites by using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. A description of the automated methods utilized for the construction and rapid screening of xerogel libraries is provided. Next, a radioluminescent (RL) light source is evaluated for the development of photonically-based chemical responsive sensor arrays. The RL light source is assessed by determining the analytical figures of merit from two tris(4,7'-diphenyl-1,10'-phenathroline) ruthenium(ii)-doped xerogel-based sensor platforms. Finally, we describe the design, optimization, and testing of a novel spectroscopic system for investigating direct lanthanide (iiI) photoluminescence. This section describes the analytical figures of merit and describes challenges overcome to make this system operational.

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Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and Applications X...

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Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

ISBN: (纸本)0819466646

The proceedings contain 126 papers. The topics discussed include: progress with type-ii superlattice IR detector arrays;comparison of type-ii superlattice and HgCdTe infrared detector technologies;performance of focal plane arrays for the photon counting arrays (PCAR) program;small pitch large format long-wave infrared QWIP plane arrays for polarimetric imagery;signal processing core for high performance thermal imaging;uncooled MEMS IR imagers with optical readout and image processing;solid state optical thermal imagers;recent development of ultra small pixel uncooled focal plane arrays of DRS;advanced electromechanical micro-shutters for thermal infrared night vision imaging and targeting systems;passivation of W-structured type-ii superlattice long-wave infrared photodiodes;scene-based nonuniformity correction using texture-based adaptive filtering;and nonuniformity correction algorithm based on a noise-cancellation system for infrared focal-plane arrays.

关键词： Infrared detectors

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Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and Applications X...

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Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

ISBN: (纸本)0819466646

关键词： Infrared detectors

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