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Utilizing a chronopotentiometric sensor technique for metallothionein determination in fish tissues and their host parasites

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2007年第1期127卷 112-119页

作者： Petrlova, Jitka Krizkova, Sona Zitka, Ondrej Hubalek, Jaromir Prusa, Richard Adam, Vojtech Wang, Joseph Beklova, Miroslava Sures, Bernd Kizek, Rene Mendel Univ Brno Dept Chem & Biochem CZ-61300 Brno Czech Republic Mendel Univ Brno Dept Anim Nutr & Forage Prod CZ-61300 Brno Czech Republic Brno Univ Technol Dept Microelect CZ-60200 Brno Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med 2 Dept Clin Biochem & Pathobiochem CZ-15006 Prague 5 Czech Republic Arizona State Univ Dept Chem & Mat Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ Dept Chem Tempe AZ 85287 USA Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci Dept Vet Ecol & Environm Protect CZ-61242 Brno Czech Republic Univ Duisburg Essen D-45117 Essen Germany

Metallothionein (MT) are a class of intracellular proteins possessing cysteme-rich and heavy metal-binding properties. They can be utilized as biomarkers for the detection and assessment of heavy metals in environmental pollution. This paper addresses the development of a sensor technique suitable for the determination of MT in the tissue samples of perches and their parasites. The work suggest a heavy metal biosensor based on interaction of heavy metals (lead(H), cadmium(H), copper(ii) and silver(l)) with MT using adsorptive transfer stripping (AdTS) technique in combination with chronopotentiometric stripping analysis. The samples were investigated with various heavy metals (lead(H), cadmium(H), copper(H) and silver(l)), prior to sensor applications to understand the interaction between MT and the metals. The results obtained from this experiment clearly show that cadmium(ii) had the highest affinity for MT followed by silver(l), copper(H) and lead(H). Based on these results, we attempted to quantify MT content with respect to content of a heavy metal in the samples of interest. The highest re-evaluated concentration of MT (495 ng/g of fresh weight) was determined in samples of Acanthocephalus anguillae. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： metallothionem sensor electrochemical detection peak H perch (Perca fluviatilis) parasites Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae heavy metals

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Exploring and exploiting resonance in coupled and/or nonlinear microelectromechanical oscillators

Exploring and exploiting resonance in coupled and/or nonline...

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作者： Rhoads, Jeffrey F. Michigan State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Mass sensors utilizing resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have recently garnered significant interest from the engineering research community. While motivations vary, this interest is generally attributed to the fact that resonant m crosensors offer the potential for increased mass sensitivity, in addition to all of the benefits typically attendant to microelectromechanical devices, namely, minimal power consumption, small size, seamless integration with existing integrated circuit technologies, and comparatively low cost. Pertinent to the present study is the fact that the majority of resonant microsensors utilize linear resonance structures. While this approach offers unquestionable utility, because most uncoupled, linear microsensors feature a single dominant degree-of-freedom and a single functionalized surface, these devices are generally capable of detecting only a single analyte. Likewise, since Lorentzian resonance structures are employed, sensor metrics are often constrained by the devices' scale and difficult to control independently. The present study seeks to overcome the aforementioned limitations by examining the use of non-traditional microresonator architectures in resonant mass sensing applications. Specifically, the work considers the design, modeling, analysis, and implementation of (i) single input - single output (SISO), multi-analyte sensors based on arrays of coupled microbeam oscillators, (ii) electrostatically-actuated microbeams utilizing purely-parametric excitations, and (iii) resonant microcantilevers utilizing magnetomotive transduction. Each of these systems is believed to be capable of rendering simpler mass sensing systems and/or sensors with improved metrics. The first portion of the present study considers the design and development of a SISO, resonant mass sensor capable of detecting multiple target analytes. This device, much like its traditional counterparts, employs linear resonance shifts to indicate a detection ev

关键词： Microelectromechanical systemsOscillators ElectricResonance

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Fabrication and Characterization of a Hydrogen sensor Based on Palladium Nanowires

Fabrication and Characterization of a Hydrogen Sensor Based ...

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International Conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： V. La Ferrara B. Alfano E. Massera I. Nasti G. Di Francia ENEA Research Center Località Granatello Portici Italy University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy

A hydrogen sensor based on an array of palladium nanowires has been realized starting from a silicon substrate coated with a Si 3 N 4 where an interdigitated electrode pattern has been fabricated using photolithography. Saturated palladium solution has been prepared and array of palladium nanowires has been formed applying at the electrodes a voltage signal. As grown Pd nanowires are conductive and do not exhibit any response to hydrogen. Their response can be activated after a treatment which modifies physical properties of Pd nanowires, improving their response. The array has been tested towards 4% H 2 in nitrogen carrier. We have observed that the device response, at room temperature, is quite strong and reversible so that the sensor device seems to be useful for those applications where the Lower Explosive Limit needs to be controlled.

关键词： Fabrication Hydrogen sensor phenomena and characterization Palladium Nanowires sensor arrays Electrodes Temperature sensors Silicon Lithography

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development of a New Active Personal Dosimeter for Use in Space Radiation Environments

Development of a New Active Personal Dosimeter for Use in Sp...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Lawrence S. Pinsky Jeffrey Chancellor Physics Department University of Houston Houston TX USA

A new solid state detector, known as Medipix, developed by a consortium of academic institutions has been evolved from a technology originally created for use at the LHC at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. This technology is being harnessed for use as an active personal dosimeter for space radiation applications. The pixel based technology embeds the entire required readout electronics for each pixel withing the pixel's 55 micron square footprint. That allows the seamless tiling of multiple arrays of detectors. Prototypes have been exposed to heavy ion beams at the HIMAC facility in Japan and at the Texas A&M cyclotron in the US. The results are very encouraging. Extensive experience is being gained in using the detectors with appropriate converters for simultaneous neutron dosimetry as well. Ultimate versions may be deployed that are both wireless and self-contained, as well as having a package size comparable to current passive personal dosimeters. Prospect are excellent for building them into spacesuits, which would provide ground-based real-time monitoring of the detailed doses being taken by crew members during such high-risk periods as EVAs. These dosimeters could also be used as active area monitors in a variety of both space and ground-based applications.

关键词： Space technology Detectors solid state circuits Large Hadron Collider Readout electronics sensor arrays Prototypes Ion beams Cyclotrons Neutrons

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Micro fiber optic sensor interrogation system for aerospace applications

Micro fiber optic sensor interrogation system for aerospace ...

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Micro-Nano-technology for Aerospace applications, CANEUS2006

作者： Xiao, Gao Zhi Mrad, Nezih Institute for Microstructrual Science National Research Council M-50 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa Ont. K1A 0R6 Canada Department of National Defence Air Vehicles Research Section National Defence Headquarters Ottawa Ont. K1A 0R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0791837874

The emerging field of microsystems technology is enabling the innovative development of a micro optical fiber interrogation system for potential integration into air platforms structural health monitoring and management capabilities. Our efforts in such development is based on micron size optical waveguides using arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) based demultiplexer for highly multiplexed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor arrays. In this document, a proposed system concept, its operating principle and proposed interrogation methodology are presented. Initial results demonstrate the ability of the system to obtain measurement resolution of 1 pm or better (equivalent to 0.1°C for temperature sensing) and response time as short as two milli-second. Owing to the small size and ruggedness of AWG, it is potentially feasible to fabricate an all solid state (no moving parts), palm size, robust and high-resolution interrogation system that responds to air platform requirements. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Fiber optic sensors

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2^nd and 3^rd generation thermal imagers based on type-ii superlattice photodiodes

2<SUP>nd</SUP> and 3<SUP>rd</SUP> generation thermal imagers...

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Conference on Infrared and Photoelectronic Imagers and Detector Devices

作者： Rehm, Robert Walther, Martin Schmitz, Johannes Fleissner, Joachim Ziegler, Johann Cabanski, Wolfgang Breiter, Rainer Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys Freiburg Germany AIM Infrarot Module GmbH Heilbronn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819463736

We report on the development of InAs/GaSb type-ii superlattice focal plane arrays (FPAs) for missile warning systems in airborne platforms. The FPA fabrication technology was developed on the basis of monospectral superlattices for the MWIR (3-5 mu m) spectral range. A monospectral. 288x384 MWIR camera with 24 mu m pixel pitch, a noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) better than 14 mK and a background-limited performance (BLIP) up to 92 K is demonstrated. Based on the monospectral technology, the first bispectral superlattice camera was realized. The dual color 288x384 superlattice camera features simultaneous, pixel-registered detection of both spectral channels between 3-4 mu m and 4-5 mu m with a NETD better than 30 mK and 17 m-K, respectively. Hence, spatial or temporal registration problems, which are common to most dual color and dual band infrared imagers are solved with the new bispectral MWIR missile alerting sensor.

关键词： InAs/GaSb type-ii superlattice missile warning dual-band dual-color bispectral infrared camera thermal imaging focal plane array

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Antenna-coupled microbolometers for multi-spectral infrared imaging

Antenna-coupled microbolometers for multi-spectral infrared ...

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32nd Conference on Infrared Technology and applications

作者： Weling, Aniruddha S. Henning, Patrick F. Neikirk, Dean P. Han, Sangwook Foster Miller Inc 195 Bear Hill Rd Waltham MA 02451 USA Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462624

Although the rapid development of 2-D focal plane arrays of thermal infrared (IR) detectors has led to remarkable progress in uncooled IR imaging technology, a major limitation of these sensors is the lack of true on-chip spectral discrimination. Multi-spectral detection capabilities enable rapid, efficient and multi-dimensional scene interpretation that is especially beneficial to advanced IR imaging systems for early threat warning and target recognition applications. We propose a novel design for a monolithic micromachined array of bolometric detectors capable of multi-spectral imaging in the long-wave IR (7-14 mu m) region. The central ingredient of this approach is to employ planar multi-mode antenna structures to efficiently couple incident electromagnetic radiation to a microbolometeric sensing element that is much smaller than the IR wavelength. The wavelength selectivity of such an antenna-coupled detector can be tuned by optimizing its multiple geometric parameters. We present a planar microbolometer design that can accomplish 3-color LWIR imaging with no moving parts analogous to solid-state color videography in the visible region. The proposed effort targets applications of uncooled color IR imaging where the benefits in space, power, weight and complexity will have a significant impact.

关键词： infrared imaging multi-spectral thermal detector microbolometer array FPA sensor

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Advanced multifunctional detectors for laser-gated imaging applications

Advanced multifunctional detectors for laser-gated imaging a...

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32nd Conference on Infrared Technology and applications

作者： Baker, Ian Thorne, Peter Henderson, James Copley, Jeremy Humphreys, David Millar, Alasdair SELEX Sensors & Airborne Syst Infra Red Ltd POB 217 Southampton Hants England SELEX Sensors & Airborne Syst Ltd Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)0819462624

The rapid pace of development in the field of long-range imaging is illustrated by two new detector technologies for passive and active imaging. Active systems, using a near-infrared pulse laser and a fast, gated detector, are now adopted for most long range imaging applications. This concept is often called burst-illumination LIDAR or BIL. The SELEX solid state detector is based on two major components: an array of HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes, and a custom-designed CMOS multiplexer to perform the fast gating and photon signal capture. These hybrid arrays produce sensitivities as low as 10 photons rms, due largely to very high, almost noise-free avalanche gain in the HgCdTe diodes. The sensitivity, dynamic range and image quality is now such that the camera performance is usually limited by coherence and scintillation effects in the scene. With this strong sensor capability, it has been possible to launch the next generation of multiplexers to satisfy systems of the future. For instance, most laser-gated imaging systems use a suite of passive infrared and visible cameras to complement the BIL channel. It is highly advantageous to combine these functions into one electro-optic system, leading to a simpler, smaller, lower power and lower cost system. The key technical steps are to find solutions for the difficult multifunctional detector and the dual-wavelength optic. A detector has been developed to image passively in the medium and short wavebands, and actively in BIL mode. The performance of the detector and optic is described. Another major systems enhancement is to be able to generate 3D images, particularly in complex scenes, to further improve background clutter rejection and provide agile, feedback control of the range gating in a dynamic environment. Here the detector senses the range, as well as the laser pulse intensity, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, providing depth context for each laser pulse. A prototype detector has been successfully demonstrated and show

关键词： LADAR LIDAR active imaging HgCdTe avalanche photodiode APD SW 3D imaging

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New infrared sensors for ballistic missile defense

New infrared sensors for ballistic missile defense

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Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices ii

作者： Tidrow, MZ Missile Def Agcy Adv Syst Washington DC 20301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945706X

The MDA/AS is developing advanced capabilities in the IR sensor area for ballistic missile defense. Infrared sensors play an important role to every layer of ballistic missile defense systems. Current missile defense systems use infrared sensors with material systems such as InSb and HgCdTe. They are sufficient to counter current threat level. However, with the Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) new capability based acquisition, the Advanced Systems (AS) of MDA is pushing the state-of-the-art of infrared technology to a higher level. The new infrared sensors will have the capability to cover a broad range of spectrum, have higher sensitivity, uniformity and operabilities, large format, multicolor, with a much better manufacturability and affordability. Examples are strained layer type-ii superlattices, quantum well infrared photodetectors, HgCdTe on Si, PbSnTe, and other novel concepts. This presentation will discuss what IR sensors are used in current missile defense systems, what is new in technology development, and it's system applications.

关键词： sensors Mercury cadmium telluride Infrared sensors Missiles Quantum well infrared photodetectors Staring arrays Defense and security Silicon Defense systems Quantum efficiency

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High-resolution 3D imaging laser radar flight test experiments

High-resolution 3D imaging laser radar flight test experimen...

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Conference on Laser Radar Technology and applications X

作者： Marino, RM Davis, WR Rich, GC McLaughlin, JL Lee, EI Stanley, BM Burnside, JW Rowe, GS Hatch, RE Square, TE Skelly, LJ O'Brien, M Vasile, A Heinrichs, RM MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457760

Situation awareness and accurate Target Identification (TID) are critical requirements for successful battle management. Ground vehicles can be detected, tracked, and in some cases imaged using airborne or space-borne microwave radar. Obscurants such as camouflage net and/or tree canopy foliage can degrade the performance of such radars. Foliage can be penetrated with long wavelength microwave radar, but generally at the expense of imaging resolution. The goals of the DARPA Jigsaw program include the development and demonstration of high-resolution 3-D imaging laser radar (ladar) sensor technology and systems that can be used from airborne platforms to image and identify military ground vehicles that may be hiding under camouflage or foliage such as tree canopy. With DARPA support, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a rugged and compact 3-D imaging ladar system that has successfully demonstrated the feasibility and utility of this application. The sensor system has been integrated into a UH-1 helicopter for winter and summer flight campaigns. The sensor operates day or night and produces high-resolution 3-D spatial images using short laser pulses and a focal plane array of Geiger-mode avalanche photo-diode (APD) detectors with independent digital time-of-flight counting circuits at each pixel. The sensor technology includes Lincoln Laboratory developments of the microchip laser and novel focal plane arrays. The microchip laser is a passively Q-switched solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser transmitting short laser pulses (300 ps FWHM) at 16 kilohertz pulse rate and at 532 nm wavelength. The single photon detection efficiency has been measured to be > 20% using these 3202 Silicon Geiger-mode APDs at room temperature. The APD saturates while providing a gain of typically > 106. The pulse out of the detector is used to stop a 500 MHz digital clock register integrated within the focal-plane array at each pixel. Using the detector in this binary response mode simp

关键词： sensors LIDAR 3D image processing Camouflage Pulsed laser operation Staring arrays Stereoscopy Imaging systems 3D acquisition Avalanche photodetectors

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