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15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscillator targeting NEMS array gravimetric sensing applications with a 300zg mass resolution

15.6 A 30-to-80MHz simultaneous dual-mode heterodyne oscilla...

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IEEE International Conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Guillaume Gourlat Marc Sansa Patrick Villard Gilles Sicard Guillaume Jourdan Issam Ouerghi Gérard Billiot Sébastien Hentz CEA-LETI-MINATEC Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509037599

The extreme sensitivity of nano electro mechanical system (NEMS) to atomic scale physical variations has led to the breakthrough development of NEMS-based mass spectrometry systems capable of measuring a single molecule [1]. Parallel sensing using thousands of devices will help to circumvent the small effective sensing area while opening new perspectives for applications that require spatial mapping. While the development of NEMS CMOS co-integration technology [2] is of paramount importance to achieve high density sensor arrays (>1000 devices), the readout circuitry capable of tracking NEMS resonator frequency shifts is still the limiting factor for the very large scale integration of individually addressed sensors. Moreover, in order to resolve the mass and position of an adsorbed analyte, single particle mass sensing applications require to track simultaneously and in real time at least two modes of the resonators. This requirement adds complexity to the design of the overall system. To respond to the size, power consumption and resolution constraints linked to NEMS array measurement, we propose a compact heterodyne self-oscillator analog front-end IC which performs 1ms simultaneous dual-mode frequency tracking compatible with a “pixel-based” readout scheme. We report less than 1mA power consumption with a 300zg mass resolution for 26000μm 2 size.

关键词： Nanoelectromechanical systems Resonant frequency Frequency measurement sensors Phase locked loops Voltage-controlled oscillators

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Nonlinear optical properties and markedly higher two photon absorption of ordered c-shaped plasmon-active metal nanostructures

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OPTICAL MATERIALS 2021年 112卷 110695-110695页

作者： Svanda, J. Kalachyova, Y. Ajami, A. Husinsky, W. Machac, P. Siegel, J. Kolska, Z. Slepicka, P. Svorcik, V Lyutakov, O. Baumit Spol Sro Brandys Labem 25001 Czech Republic Univ Chem & Technol Dept Solid State Engn Prague 16628 Czech Republic Sernrnan Univ Fac Phys POB 35195-363 Semman Iran Vienna Univ Technol Inst Appl Phys A-1040 Vienna Austria Univ JE Purkyne Fac Sci Usti Nad Labem 40096 Czech Republic

development of materials with highly nonlinear optical activity represents an intensively studied discipline due to potentially unique applications of such materials in photonics and information technologies. In this work the creation of ordered nanostructured arrays of c-shaped metals (Ag, Au, Al, and Pd) and characterization of their nonlinear optical properties are described. Large scale ordered arrays were created by the excimer laser pattering of a polymer surface and subsequent coating with Ag, Au, Al, and Pd. The successful creation of required structures was confirmed by the conductive AFM and FIB-SEM techniques. Linear optical response of the structures was examined using the UV-Vis technique and strong excitation of surface plasmon polariton resulting in appearance of strong absorption band was confirmed. The Z-scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses was used to determine the nonlinear optical response of the prepared metal arrays. It was found that the strong two-photon absorption appears under the illumination at the wavelength corresponding to the surface plasmon excitation. Extensive comparison with available literature data shows that the present structures exhibit markedly higher two-photon absorption activity.

关键词： Photons

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development of X-ray/gamma-ray imaging spectrometers using reach-through APD arrays

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2012年第3期7卷 C03038-C03038页

作者： Nakamori, T. Enomoto, T. Toizumi, T. Tokoyoda, K. Yatsu, Y. Kawai, N. Kataoka, J. Ishikawa, Y. Kawai, T. Kawabata, N. Matsunaga, Y. Waseda Univ Res Inst Sci & Engn Shinjuku Ku Tokyo Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Fac Sci & Engn Meguro Ku Tokyo 152 Japan Hamamatsu Photon KK Solid State Div Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan

We present spectroscopic capability of a position sensitive detector using a large area reach-through avalanche photodiode (APD) array, mainly for astronomical applications. It is quite important to obtain wide band spectra of high energy astrophysical phenomena simultaneously in order to probe emission processes or structures. Especially observations of transient objects, such as gamma-ray bursts of active galactic nuclei, require detectors with wide energy band coverage for the sake of an efficient spectroscopy within limited time windows. An APD is a compact semiconductor photon sensor with an internal gain which is often up to similar to 100. A reach-through type APD has a thicker depletion layer thus higher efficiency for direct X-ray detection compared to a reverse type APD. We have developed 1-dimensional reach-through APD arrays which consist of 8 and 16 segments with a pixel size of 2.2x16 and 1.1x16 mm(2). We demonstrated quite uniform gain and energy resolution for 5.9 keV X-ray over the pixels of these arrays. Subsequently we constructed X-ray/gamma-ray detector using the APD array optically coupled to a conventional CsI(T1) scintillator which demonstrated energy coverage typically from 1 keV to 1 MeV.

关键词： Imaging spectroscopy X-ray detectors and telescopes Gamma detectors

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A 0.18µm CMOS SoC for a 100m-range 10fps 200×96-pixel time-of-flight depth sensor

A 0.18µm CMOS SoC for a 100m-range 10fps 200×96-pixel time...

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IEEE International Conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Cristiano Niclass Mineki Soga Hiroyuki Matsubara Masaru Ogawa Manabu Kagami Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories Inc. Nagakute Japan

A number of potentially low-cost time-of-flight (ToF) 3D image sensors aiming at consumer electronics applications have recently appeared in CMOS. Diffused-light sensors taking advantage of SPAD pixels, conventional and pinned-photodiode lock-in pixels demonstrate centimeter-ranging performance in distances of typically up to 6m, and with the exception of, under low background light (BG) conditions. In those approaches, however, performance tends to rapidly deteriorate in severe BG conditions, such as outdoors, and long-distance ranges have yet to be reported. Another common limitation is their inability to cope with multi-echo target environments. Higher optical signal-to-background ratio (SBR), and hence better performance, is typically achieved by laser-scanning approaches, e.g. employing polygonal or MEMS mirrors. With the emerging need for high-resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies in advanced driving-assistance systems (ADAS), we introduce an SoC that performs time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and complete DSP for a 100m-range ToF sensor. The chip provides the system-level electronics with a serial and low-bit-rate digital interface for: multi-echo distance, distance reliability, intensity, and BG-only intensity, thus mitigating system-level complexity and cost.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits Photonics Histograms Digital signal processing Laser beams System-on-chip arrays

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A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Rogers, Christopher Piggott, Alexander Y. Thomson, David J. Wiser, Robert F. Opris, Ion E. Fortune, Steven A. Compston, Andrew J. Gondarenko, Alexander Meng, Fanfan Chen, Xia Reed, Graham T. Nicolaescu, Remus Pointcloud Inc San FranciscoCA94107 United States Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton University Road Southampton HampshireSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Opris Consulting San JoseCA95138 United States

Accurate 3D imaging is essential for machines to map and interact with the physical world[1, 2]. While numerous 3D imaging technologies exist, each addressing niche applications with varying degrees of success, none have achieved the breadth of applicability and impact that digital image sensors have achieved in the 2D imaging world[3-10]. A large-scale two-dimensional array of coherent detector pixels operating as a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system could serve as a universal 3D imaging platform. Such a system would offer high depth accuracy and immunity to interference from sunlight, as well as the ability to directly measure the velocity of moving objects[11]. However, due to difficulties in providing electrical and photonic connections to every pixel, previous systems have been restricted to fewer than 20 pixels[12-15]. Here, we demonstrate the first large-scale coherent detector array consisting of 512 (32×16) pixels, and its operation in a 3D imaging system. Leveraging recent advances in the monolithic integration of photonic and electronic circuits, a dense array of optical heterodyne detectors is combined with an integrated electronic readout architecture, enabling straightforward scaling to arbitrarily large arrays. Meanwhile, two-axis solid-state beam steering eliminates any tradeoff between field of view and range. Operating at the quantum noise limit[16, 17], our system achieves an accuracy of 3.1 mm at a distance of 75 metres using only 4 mW of light, an order of magnitude more accurate than existing solid-state systems at such ranges. Future reductions of pixel size using state-of-the-art components could yield resolutions in excess of 20 megapixels for arrays the size of a consumer camera sensor. This result paves the way for the development and proliferation of low cost, compact, and high performance 3D imaging cameras, enabling new applications from robotics and autonomous navigation to augmented reality and healthcare. Copyright © 2020, Th

关键词： Pixels

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A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array

A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Compu...

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International Conference on solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Hua Chen Yiming Qu Wenhao Wu Yi Zhao School of Integrated Circuits East China Normal University Shanghai China China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Jiaxing China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350361834

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361841

With the development of deep learning models, deploying neural networks to resource-limited edge devices has become a trend. However, the high computation requirements and energy consumption of neural network models have limited their development. Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) features high energy efficiency, providing new opportunities for the edge deployment of neural networks. The system needs to support different types of neural network models in practical applications, and the system-level application is still immature. This paper proposes a heterogeneous system integrating analog in-memory computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system reserves multiple sensor interfaces for access and preprocessing peripherals, including digital NN accelerators and AIMC, which can effectively execute various layers in neural network models, achieving complete end-to-end neural network inference. Depending on the size and number of FC layers, the system has varying degrees of improvement in inference time and RAM occupation.

关键词： Integrated circuit technology Energy consumption Computational modeling Random access memory Multichip modules Artificial neural networks In-memory computing Market research Energy efficiency Field programmable gate arrays

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Bottom-up fabrication approaches to large area novel plasmonic materials

Bottom-up fabrication approaches to large area novel plasmon...

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中国光学学会2010年光学大会

作者：王振林 Department of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University

Recent research effort towards fabricating novel metal nanoparticles （NPs） and their ordered arrays have been motivated by the emergence of *** particular,tuning the size,morphology,composition,and the separation of metal NPs has allowed us to engineer both individual nanoparticles and collective properties of plasmonic crystals for specific *** we present our recent development of bottom-up growth methods and demonstrate convenience for the preparation of such plasmonic *** implementation of physical,chemical,or electrochemical deposition of a metal in combination with micromolding on two-dimensional colloidal crystals,ordered metallic NPs with a variety of morphologies can be created with a nanometer spatial tuning *** prepared novel plasmonic crystals could find applications in optics,optoelectronics,materials science,sensing and biophysics.

关键词： Surface plasmons plasmonic crystal colloidal crystal light transmission resonance plasmonic sensor

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New materials enabling new laser systems

New materials enabling new laser systems

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： W.F. Krupke Appl. Lasers Pleasanton CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363191

Summary form only given. Selecting from but a handful of commercially available laser crystals, laser designers have produced an impressive array of solid state lasers able to perform a wide range of scientific, industrial and military applications. Laser design possibilities were enormously expanded with the development in the late 1980's of efficient bright, and powerful semiconductor laser diodes as pump sources for solid state lasers. Despite this, it sometimes proves difficult, if not impossible, to design lasers meeting some applications requirements, when drawing only on presently commercially-available laser crystals, especially when particularly demanding size, weight, and efficiency requirements are imposed. Thus, there continues to be a need to identify, characterize, and develop novel laser crystals possessing characteristics that significantly broaden design options for future laser devices and systems. Because the cost is rather large to transition a newly discovered optical material from laboratory experiments to commercial readiness, it is necessary that such materials possess significantly distinct and enabling characteristics, relative to available materials, and that the intended application(s) be sufficiently highly valued. Fortunately, since the discovery of the laser /spl sim/40 years ago, an extensive array of modeling tools, device design experiences, and material property data bases have evolved, which can be exploited to guide the search for applications enabling new laser materials. By way of example, the author considers in detail the search leading to the discovery of the new class of room-temperature, diode-pumped, tunable mid-IR lasers based on tetrahedrally-coordinated, divalent 3d-transition metal ions in ii-VI chalcogenide crystals.

关键词： Optical materials Semiconductor laser arrays Pump lasers solid lasers Optical design Crystalline materials Laser transitions Crystals Laser applications Laser modes

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Nanoporous gold microelectrode arrays using microchips: A highly sensitive and cost-effective platform for electroanalytical applications

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022年 925卷 1页

作者： Siqueira, Gilvana P. de Faria, Lucas V. Rocha, Raquel G. Matias, Tiago A. Richter, Eduardo M. Munoz, Rodrigo A. A. da Silva, Iranaldo S. Dantas, Luiza M. F. Univ Fed Maranhao Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol Dept Tecnol Qudm BR-65080805 Sao Luds MA Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia Inst Qudm BR-38400902 Uberlandia MG Brazil

In this paper, we investigate the effect of electrochemical treatment on the surface of low-cost and disposable devices (microchips) containing gold microelectrode arrays (Au-mu E). This procedure consisted of electrode anodization to generate nanoporous gold structures (NPAu-mu E), which contributed to 4.4-fold increase in the electroactive area and decrease in the resistance to charge transfer. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra revealed the formation of gold oxide nanostructures. The electrochemical response of these sensors was properly investigated using dipyrone (DIP), cysteine (CyS) and lead(ii) as target species, and for all the analytes, enhanced analytical performances were obtained using the treated surface. NPAu-mu E was combined with a batch-injection analysis (BIA) cell for the amperometric determination of DIP and CyS, which resulted in detection limits lower than 1.2 mu mol L-1, adequate precision (RSD > 4.0 %), wide linear ranges (1.0-200.0 and 5.0-150.0 mu mol L-1), and high sample throughput (148 and 185 analysis per hour) for DIP and CyS, respec-tively. Moreover, the NPAu-mu E sensor proved to be suitable for Pb(2+ )detection by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), with a detection limit of 2.0 nmol L-1, linear ranges from 24 to 240 nmol L(-)1, and 289 to 531 nmol L-1, and good precision (RSD = 4.3 %), which enabled a good recovery of Pb2+ added to drinking water at the level corresponding to the WHO allowed threshold limit (48.2 nmol L-1 or 10.0 mu g L-1). In sum-mary, we demonstrate that NPAu-mu E device can be applied for either organic or inorganic species with satis-factory sensing properties.

关键词： Microchips Gold microelectrodes array Gold nanoporous Electrochemical treatment surface Dipyrone Cysteine Lead (ii)

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Interfacially Super-Assembled Benzimidazole Derivative-Based Mesoporous Silica Nanoprobe for Sensitive Copper (ii) Detection and Biosensing in Living Cells

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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 2022年第6期28卷 e202103642-e202103642页

作者： Xing, Chenchen Deng, Jianlin Fu, Wenlong Li, Jichao Xu, Lijie Sun, Ruihao Wang, Dan Li, Chengwen Liang, Kang Gao, Meng Kong, Biao Qilu Univ Technol Shandong Acad Sci Adv Mat Inst Natl Supercomp Res Ctr Adv Mat Jinan 250014 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Dept Chem Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy Mat Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Dezhou Deyao Pharmaceut Ltd Co Dezhou 253015 Peoples R China Univ New South Wales Sch Chem Engn Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Univ New South Wales Grad Sch Biomed Engn Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with benzimidazole-derived fluorescent molecules (DHBM) are fabricated via a feasible interfacial superassembly strategy for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. DHBM-MSN exhibits an obvious quenching effect on Cu2+ in aqueous solutions, and the detection limit can be as low as 7.69x10(-8) M. The DHBM-MSN solid-state sensor has good recyclability, and the silica framework can simultaneously improve the photostability of DHBM. Two mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different morphologies were specially designed to verify that nanocarriers with different morphologies do not affect the specific detectionability. The detection mechanism of the fluorescent probe was systematically elucidated by combining experimental results and density function theory calculations. Moreover, the detection system was successfully applied to detect Cu2+ in bovine serum, juice, and live cells. These results indicate that the DHBM-MSN fluorescent sensor holds great potential in practical and biomedical applications.

关键词： benzimidazole derivatives cell imaging Cu (ii) sensor fluorescent probe mesoporous silica

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