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Conference on Infrared Technology and applications XLIV

作者： Stadelmann, T. Daumer, V. Gramich, V. Hugger, T. Kirste, L. Klinger, V. Kohn, N. Luppold, W. Mueller, R. Niemasz, J. Rehm, R. Rutz, F. Schmidt, J. Walther, M. Wauro, M. Woerl, A. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys IAF Tullastr 72 D-79108 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510617605

Through the choice of appropriate layer thicknesses, the bandgap of InAs/Ga(As) Sb type ii superlattices (T2SLs) can be engineered in a wide range covering the mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared (MWIR, 3 mu m-5 mu m and LWIR, 8 mu m-12 mu m) spectral regions. Using this material system, Fraunhofer IAF develops bi-spectral MWIR image sensors based on homojunction photodiodes for missile warning applications and pursues modern heterojunction approaches as well as heteroepitaxial growth of T2SLs on GaAs. We discuss topics arising from efforts to improve the manufacturability of our bi-spectral arrays and report on the progress of the integration with MWIR heterojunction designs that exhibit reduced dark currents.

关键词： MWIR LWIR InAs/GaSb T2SL infrared photodetector image sensor

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Fluorescent Hydrogel-Coated Paper/Textile as Flexible Chemosensor for Visual and Wearable Mercury(ii) Detection

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2019年第1期4卷

作者： Zhang, Dong Zhang, Yuchong Lu, Wei Le, Xiaoxia Li, Ping Huang, Lei Zhang, Jiawei Yang, Jintao Serpe, Michael J. Chen, Daoding Chen, Tao Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn Chinese Key Lab Biobased Polymer Mat Technol & Applicat Z Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada Ningbo Mei Cheng Biotechnol Corp Ltd 655 Xueshi Rd Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci 19A Yuquan Rd Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

In some industrial districts, abuse discharge of waste water has resulted in serious Hg2+ pollution in seafood, grain, and even drinking water. In order to protect people from mercury(ii)-polluted food and water, many solid-state fluorescent Hg2+-sensing materials are developed in terms of facile operation. However, one primary challenging issue is the restricted sensitivity caused by hindered slow diffusion of aqueous testing samples inside these conventional hydrophobic, dense, and rigid film materials. Herein, robust hydrophilic fluorescent hydrogel-coated flexible paper/textile film chemosensors are reported. Their design relies on a specific chemical reaction between Hg2+ and the grafted thiourea moieties to induce remarkable "green-to-blue" emission color change. Thanks to their hierarchical porous structures fixed by interwoven paper/textile fibers, these flexible chemosensors allow fast capillary-force-driven mercury(ii) diffusion into the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix, thus enabling visual detection of nearly nM-level Hg2+. On this basis, robust fluorescent hydrogel-coated wearable sensing gloves are fabricated for the first time, which significantly facilitate infield visual detection and effectively protect operators far from the toxic Hg2+-polluted samples. These developed flexible wearable sensing systems might not only hold great potential applications in mercury(ii) detection, but also inspire the development of next-generation sensing apparatus for other food and environmental pollutants.

关键词： flexible film fluorescent hydrogel wearable sensor

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Carbon Nanotube-Based Ion Selective sensors for Wearable applications

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017年第40期9卷 35169-35177页

作者： Roy, Soumyendu David-Pur, Moshe Hanein, Yael Tel Aviv Univ Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Tel Aviv Univ Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

Wearable electronics offer new opportunities in a wide range of applications, especially sweat analysis using skin sensors. A fundamental challenge in these applications is the formation of sensitive and stable electrodes. In this article we report the development of a wearable sensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode arrays for sweat sensing. solid-state ion selective electrodes (ISEs), sensitive to Na+ ions, were prepared by drop coating plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) doped with ionophore and ion exchanger on CNT electrodes. The ion selective membrane (ISM) filled the intertubular spaces of the highly porous CNT film and formed an attachment that was stronger than that achieved with flat Au, Pt, or carbon electrodes. Concentration of the ISM solution used influenced the attachment to the CNT film, the ISM surface morphology, and the overall performance of the sensor. Sensitivity of 56 +/- 3 mV/decade to Na+ ions was achieved. Optimized solid-state reference electrodes (REs), suitable for wearable applications, were prepared by coating CNT electrodes with colloidal dispersion of Ag/AgCl, agarose hydrogel with 0.5 M NaCl, and a passivation layer of PVC doped with NaCl. The CNT-based REs had low sensitivity (-1.7 +/- 1.2 mV/decade) toward the NaCl solution and high repeatability and were superior to bare Ag/AgCl, metals, carbon, and CNT films, reported previously as REs. CNT-based ISEs were calibrated against CNT-based REs, and the short-term stability of the system was tested. We demonstrate that CNT-based devices implemented on a flexible support are a very attractive platform for future wearable technology devices.

关键词： ion-selective electrode solid contact carbon nanotube solid reference electrode wearable device electrochemical sensor

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Lithium garnets: Synthesis, structure, Li⁺ conductivity, Li⁺ dynamics and applications

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PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017年 88卷 325-411页

作者： Ramakumar, S. Deviannapoorani, C. Dhivya, L. Shankar, Lakshmi S. Murugan, Ramaswamy Pondicherry Univ Dept Phys Pondicherry 605014 India

Inorganic solid fast Li+ conductors based batteries are expected to overcome the limitations over safety concerns of flammable organic polymer electrolytes based Li+ batteries. Hence, an all-solid-state Li+ battery using non-flammable solid electrolyte have attracted much attention as next-generation battery. Therefore, in the development of all-solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries, it is important to search for a solid electrolyte material that has high Li+ conductivity, low electronic conductivity, fast charge transfer at the electrode interface and wide electrochemical window stability against potential electrodes and lithium metal. Hence, significant research effort must be directed towards developing novel fast Li+ conductors as electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Among the reported inorganic solid Li+ conductive oxides, garnet-like structural compounds received considerable attention in recent times for potential application as electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive overview towards the importance of solid fast lithium ion conductors, advantages of lithium garnets over other ceramic lithium ion conductors and understanding different strategies on synthesis of lithium garnets. Attempts have also been made to understand relationship between the structure, Li+ conduction and Li+ dynamics of lithium garnets. The status of lithium garnets as solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices like all-solid state lithium battery, lithium-air battery and sensor are also discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrochemical energy storage devices Rechargeable lithium battery technology solid fast Li+ conductors Garnet structured fast Li+ conductors

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A substrate-independent fabrication of hollow sphere arrays via template-assisted hydrothermal approach and their application in gas sensing

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2017年 251卷 74-85页

作者： Su, Xingsong Gao, Lei Zhou, Fei Duan, Guotao Chinese Acad Sci Inst Solid State Phys Anhui Key Lab Nanomat & Nanotechnol Key Lab Mat Phys Hefei 230031 Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China

A substrate-independent fabrication of hollow sphere arrays on desired substrates were demonstrated based on sulfonated polystyrene sphere template-assisted hydrothermal approach. By using this approach, Fe2O3 mono/multilayer hollow sphere arrays with tunable shell thickness and sphere diameter have been successfully prepared. Specially, this approach is universal for many other materials, such as the metal oxide In2O3, NiO, Co3O4, MgO, ZnO, CuO and SnO2, and the organic semiconductor polyaniline. Moreover, we can control the deposition of these hollow sphere arrays on any desired substrate such as flexible, glass slide, silicon wafer and flat plate electrode, which is very important for their applications in many fields, such as gas sensing. As an example, the Fe2O3 monolayer hollow sphere array as gas sensor was investigated in detail. It was found that the Fe2O3 hollow sphere arrays-based sensor display enhanced sensing performances with easy controllability, nice repeatability, high sensitivity, high stability and high selectivity in certain conditions, superior to those prepared by other methods, such as brushing. Generally, the proposed template-assisted hydrothermal approach afforded a new facile and universal approach to fabricate mono/multilayer hollow sphere arrays on any substrate, which will show high advantages in applications due to the controllable in-situ growth of the materials on desired devices. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metal oxide hollow sphere array Gas sensing Sulfonated polystyrene spheres Template-assisted hydrothermal approach Desired substrate

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A research port test bed based on distributed optical sensors and sensor fusion framework for ad hoc situational awareness

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JOURNAL OF sensorS AND sensor SYSTEMS 2017年第1期6卷 37-52页

作者： Ruessmeier, Nick Hahn, Axel Nicklas, Daniela Zielinski, Oliver Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm D-26382 Wilhelmshaven Germany Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Dept Comp Sci D-26129 Oldenburg Germany Univ Bamberg Fac Informat Syst & Appl Comp Sci D-96045 Bamberg Germany

Maritime study sites utilized as a physical experimental test bed for sensor data fusion, communication technology and data stream analysis tools can provide substantial frameworks for design and development of e-navigation technologies. Increasing safety by observation and monitoring of the maritime environment by new technologies meets forward-looking needs to facilitate situational awareness. Further, such test beds offer a solid basis for standardizing new technologies to advance growth by reducing "time to market" of up-to-date industrial products and technologies. Especially optical sensor technologies are well suited to provide a situational and marine environmental assessment of waterways for ( i) online detection of relevant situations, ( ii) collection of data for further analysis and ( iii) reuse of data, e.g. for training or testing of assistant systems. The test bed set-up has to consider maintainability, flexibility and extensibility for efficient test set-ups. This means that new use cases and applications within the test bed infrastructure, here presented by a research port, can be easily developed and extended by installing new sensors, actuators and software components. Furthermore, the system supports reliable remote communication between onshore and offshore participants. A series of in situ experiments at the research port of Bremerhaven and in other maritime environments were performed, representing applications and scenarios to demonstrate the capability for the proposed system framework and design.

关键词： Application programs

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Characterization of the column-based priority logic readout of Topmetal-ii^- CMOS pixel direct charge sensor

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2017年第3期12卷 C03004-C03004页

作者： An, M. Zhang, W. Xiao, L. Gao, C. Chen, C. Han, M. Huang, G. Ji, R. Li, X. Liu, J. Mei, Y. Pei, H. Sun, Q. Sun, X. Wang, K. Yang, P. Zhou, W. Cent China Normal Univ Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE PLAC Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Nucl Sci Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst High Energy Phys Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Southern Methodist Univ Dept Phys Dallas TX 75205 USA

We present the detailed study of the digital readout of Topmetal-ii- CMOS pixel direct charge sensor. Topmetal-ii- is an integrated sensor with an array of 72 x 72 pixels each capable of directly collecting external charge through exposed metal electrodes in the topmost metal layer. In addition to the time-shared multiplexing readout of the analog output from Charge Sensitive Amplifiers in each pixel, hits are also generated through comparators in each pixel with individually adjustable thresholds. The hits are read out via a column-based priority logic structure, retaining both hit location and time information. The in-array column-based priority logic features with a full clock-less circuitry hence there is no continuously running clock distributed in the pixel and matrix logic. These characteristics enable its use as the charge readout device in future Time Projection Chambers without gaseous gain mechanism, which has unique advantages in low background and low rate-density experiments. We studied the detailed working behavior and performance of this readout, and demonstrated its functional validity and potential in imaging applications.

关键词： Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state) Front-end electronics for detector readout Pixelated detectors and associated VLSI electronics VLSI circuits

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Strain control of real- and lattice-spin currents in a silicene junction

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PHYSICS LETTERS A 2017年第33期381卷 2754-2760页

作者： Phonapha, Sarayut Suwanvarangkoon, Assanai Soodchomshom, Bumned Kasetsart Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Bangkok 10900 Thailand

We investigate real- and lattice-spin currents controlled by strain in a silicene-based junction, where chemical potential, perpendicular electric field and circularly polarized light are applied into the strained barrier. We find that the junction yields strain filtering effect with perfect strain control of real- (or lattice-)spin currents. (i) By applying electric field without circularly polarized light we show that total current is carried by pure lattice-spin up (or down) electrons tunable by strain. (ii) When circularly polarized light is irradiated onto silicene sheet without applying electric field, total current is carried by pure real-spin up (or down) electrons tunable by strain. High conductance peaks associated with pure real- (or lattice-)spin currents in case ii (or i) occur at specific magnitude of strain, yielding strain filtering effect. Magnitudes of filtered strain due to pure real- (or lattice-) spin currents may be tunable by varying chemical potential. Sensitivity may be enhanced by increasing thickness of strained barrier. Significantly, (iii) when both perpendicular electric field and circularly polarized light are applied, the total current is carried by three species of electron groups tunable by strain. This may lead to controllable numbers of electron species to transport. This result shows that strain filtering effect in a silicene-based junction is quite different from that in graphene junction. Our work reveals potential of silicene as a nano-electro-mechanical device and spin-valleytronic applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicene Spintronics 2-Dimensional topological insulator Strain sensor

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Photodetector development at Fraunhofer IAF - from LWIR to SWIR operating from cryogenic close to room temperature 43

Photodetector development at Fraunhofer IAF - from LWIR to S...

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Conference on Infrared Technology and applications XLiiI

作者： Daumer, V. Gramich, V. Mueller, R. Schmidt, J. Rutz, F. Stadelmann, T. Woerl, A. Rehm, R. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys IAF Tullastr 72 D-79108 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510608559;9781510608566

Photodetectors in the non-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum are essential for security, defense and space science as well as industrial and scientific applications. The research activities at Fraunhofer IAF cover a broad range in the infrared (IR) regime. Whereas short-wavelength IR (SWIR, <1.7 mu m) detectors are realized by InGaAs/InP structures, InAs/GaSb type-ii superlattice (T2SL) infrared detectors are developed for the spectral bands from mid( MWIR, 3-5 mu m) to long-wavelength IR (LWIR, 8-12 mu m). We report on the extension of the superlattice empirical pseudopotential method (SEPM) to 300 K for the design of LWIR heterostructures for operation near room temperature. Recently, we have also adapted heterostructure concepts to our well established bi-spectral T2SL MWIR detector resulting in a dark current density below 2 x 10-9 A/cm(2) for a cut-off wavelength close to 5 mu m. Finally, we present first results obtained with a gated viewing system based on our InGaAs/InAlAs/InP avalanche photodiode arrays.

关键词： SWIR MWIR LWIR T2SL InAs/GaSb type-ii superlattice photodetector InGaAs InAlAs avalanche photodiode APD

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Characterization of the column-based priority logic readout of Topmetal-ii^- CMOS pixel direct charge sensor

Characterization of the column-based priority logic readout ...

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Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics

关键词： Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state) Front-end electronics for detector readout Pixelated detectors and associated VLSI electronics VLSI circuits

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