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Quasianalog accelerometer using microswitch array

sensorS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 1996年第1-3期54卷 574-578页

作者： Noetzel, J Tonnesen, T Benecke, W Binder, J Mader, G SIEMENS AG AUTOMOT SYST GRP D-93049 REGENSBURG GERMANY

This paper describe the development of a quasianalog accelerometer which uses an array of acceleration switches. The investigations are based on results or fabricated and evaluated single-microswitch sensors. The new acceleration sensor concept combines the advantage of high EMI immunity and simple signal pre-conditioning circuitry. Important characteristics of the laterally moving cantilevers, such as resonance frequency and switching time, can he determined by a single mask. First test devices have been fabricated by the use of a special sacrificial-layer additive technology. This Microform technology combines UV patterning of very thick photoresist layers and moulding of the resulting patterns by electroplated metals. This technology is used for the fabrication of laterally driven microswitches, each having a different acceleration threshold. tinder an applied acceleration, the cantilever beam deflects laterally and closes a contact with an electrode. With an electrode on each side of the cantilever, two directions of acceleration can be measured. A simulation model has been developed which enables the design of quasianalog sensors for different applications. Different layouts are created to investigate the basic characteristics. The simulation results are verified on a shaker using the fabricated lest structures of a single-microswitch sensor.

关键词： accelerometers arrays microswitches

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Type-ii Superlattices - The Fraunhofer Perspective

Type-II Superlattices - The Fraunhofer Perspective

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Conference on Infrared Technology and applications XXXVI

作者： Rehm, Robert Walther, Martin Schmitz, Johannes Rutz, Frank Woerl, Andreas Scheibner, Ralf Ziegler, Johann Fraunhofer Inst Angew Festkorperphys IAF Tullastr 72 D-79108 Freiburg Germany AIM Infrarot Module GmbH D-74072 Heilbronn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481245

In the past years, the development of the type-ii InAs/GaSb superlattice technology at the Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied solid state Physics (IAF) has been focused on achieving series-production readiness for third generation dual-color superlattice detector arrays for the mid-wavelength infrared spectral range. The technology is ideally suited for airborne missile threat warning systems, due to its ability of low false alarm remote imaging of hot carbon dioxide signatures on a millisecond time scale. In a multi-wafer molecular beam epitaxy based process eleven 288x384 dual-color detector arrays are fabricated on 3 '' GaSb substrates. Very homogeneous detector arrays with an excellent noise equivalent temperature difference have been realized. The current article presents the type-ii superlattice dual-color technology developed at IAF and delivers insights into a range of test methodologies employed at various stages during the fabrication process, which ensure that the basic requirements for achieving high detector performance are met.

关键词： InAs/GaSb type-ii superlattice photodiode missile threat warning carbon dioxide third generation infrared imager dual-color infrared camera dual-band IR camera GaSb substrate carrier background

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Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers: Interconnecting solid state Electronics with Biosystems

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JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009年第8期9卷 5038-5046页

作者： Cassell, Alan M. Li, Jun Nguyen-Vu, Thuy-Duong Barbara Koehne, Jessica E. Chen, Hua Andrews, Russell Meyyappan, M. Univ Calif Santa Cruz UARC NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Chem Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) are grown directly on prefabricated electronic circuits with nanoscale precision. Utilizing the free-standing nanofiber array geometry, we have demonstrated the detection of nucleic acids to construct an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor. Extending this technology towards in vivo applications, we have modified the free-standing VACNF arrays in order to achieve a multifunctional three dimensional (3-D) matrix that interpenetrates the neuronal network of PC12 cells. We found that PC12 cells cultured on the nanofiber arrays can form an extended neural network upon proper chemical and biochemical modification. The soft 3-D nanofiber array architecture provides a novel platform to fine-tune the topographical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues at sub-cellular scales. This biomaterial platform can be used for both fundamental studies of nanomaterial-cell interactions and the development of multifunctional, chronically stable implantable devices. The application of these devices and potential utility as a multifunctional platform for neurophysiology and biochemical studies will be discussed.

关键词： Neural Interface Carbon Nanofiber Vertically Aligned Polypyrrole Nucleic Acid Detection Electrochemical Methods Neurotransmitter Dopamine Implantable Electrode PC12 Cells Biocompatibility

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Light emitting diode arrays for consumer and medical applications

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-solid state MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 1998年第1-3期51卷 90-93页

作者： Rys, A Piotrowski, T Sobczynski, R Kansas State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Manhattan KS 66506 USA Inst Electron Technol PL-02668 Warsaw Poland Hadaspectrum PL-04831 Warsaw Poland

development of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and arrays of diodes to be utilized in a modern and highly sensitive spectrophotometer is presented. The In1-xGaxAs1-yPy quaternary alloy semiconductor has been utilized in the design and fabrication of surface emitting infrared LEDs in the spectral range from 1100 to 1650 nm. Custom made chips provide the surface-emitting LEDs with high radiance and superior far-field patterns. The hybrid 31-element array of LEDs was fabricated. A temperature sensor and a photodiode was incorporated on the hybrid circuit to control the temperature and light intensity of the diodes. The instrument prototype has been fabricated and preliminary experimental data have been collected. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： infrared light emitting diodes electrical contacts spectrometer hybrid circuits

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Microfluidic technologies for high -throughput screening applications

Microfluidic technologies for high -throughput screening app...

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作者： Thorsen, Todd California Institute of Technology

学位级别：Ph.D.

In this thesis, I present a strategy for the design and development of microfluidic devices for high-throughput screening applications, such as mutant enzyme libraries expressed in prokaryotic hosts, where a few point mutations at the DNA level translates to hundreds of thousands of enzyme variants. The work falls into three main sections. Section I addresses fundamental research in polymer chemistry, where I explore the suitability of several polymers for microfluidic applications, examining properties such as molding, fluorescence, solvent compatibility, and adhesion/sealing to glass substrates. Section ii describes my development of a two-phase microfluidic device, in which I report on crossflow-based dynamic formation of picoliter-sized water droplets in a continuously flowing oil-surfactant stream. A predictive model describing the fluid dynamics of droplet formation in this model is presented as well as its applications in screening bacterial populations. Section iiI reports the development of multilayer soft lithography technology using silicone rubber to build addressable high-density microfluidic arrays with thousands of integrated mechanical valves. This technology, which introduces the concept of fluidic large scale integration, is presented as a high-throughput parallel method to analyze bacterial enzyme expression at the single cell level. The detection of enzymatic activity in these high-density microarrays is described, comparing a self-constructed solid-state laser apparatus with a modified scanner (Axon Industries) used for looking at DNA arrays.

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Sensitive Optomechanical Ultrasound sensor in an LED-Based, Low Fluence Photoacoustic Imaging System

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS

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IEEE sensorS LETTERS 2024年第12期8卷 1页

作者： Pieters, Cedric Verschooten, Tom Keulemans, Grim Lagae, Liesbet Kjellman, Jon Oyvind Rottenberg, Xavier Jans, Hilde Katholieke Univ Leuven Lab Soft Matter & Biophys B-3000 Leuven Belgium IMEC B-3001 Leuven Belgium Assiocated Div ESAT INSYS INSYS Integrated Syst B-3001 Leuven Belgium Ecole Polytech Bruxelles Nucl Metrol Dept B-1050 Brussels Belgium

Affordable and compact light sources, along with highly sensitive, broadband, low-noise sensors, are essential for enabling point-of-care photoacoustic imaging applications in resource-limited settings. Traditional systems use piezoelectric transducers, which often suffer from limited bandwidth and sensitivity, combined with solid-state lasers that are expensive and bulky. We present a potentially low-cost light-emitting diode (LED)-based photoacoustic imaging system featuring a highly sensitive optomechanical ultrasound sensor operating near thermomechanical noise limits. Utilizing a 620-nm LED, our setup delivers microjoules of pulse energy with 100-ns pulsewidths. We demonstrate its capability to resolve fine details through 2-D scan tomography, with minimal averaging for an effective sample rate of 100 Hz. Future improvements, including the development of larger LED arrays, multiplexed sensors, and on-chip integrated lasers, promise to enhance performance and further expand the technology's applicability.

关键词： sensors Optical imaging Light emitting diodes Optical pulses Ultrasonic imaging Optical filters Optical films Optical fiber sensors Sensitivity Photoacoustic imaging Electromagnetic wave sensors light-emitting diode (LED) optomechanical ultrasound sensor (OMUS) photoacoustic (PA) imaging sensor applications silicon photonics

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New All-solid-state Carbonate Ion-selective Electrode with Ag2CO3-BaCO3 as Sensitive Films

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2016年第4期32卷 655-660页

作者： ZHAO Yue HAN Chenhua HUANG Yuanfeng QIN Wenli ZHANG Xiao KAN Yating YE Ying Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan 316021 P. R. China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 P. R. China

A new all-solid-state carbonate ion-selective electrode was fabricated via electrochemical and ion-exchange reactions with Ag nanoparticles and Ag2CO3-BaCO3 as ion-to-electron transducer and ion-selective layer, respectively. This paper presented the detailed procedures of the construction of the electrode, the applications of the electrode in various experiments, and the corresponding chemical reaction principles involved. The fabricated electrode was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）, and electrochemical analyses. The electrode exhibited stable linear responses to carbonate anions（10-5--10-1 mol/L） with average Slope of the curve being -26.56 mV per decade, and showed negligible responses to NO3, SO2-, and Sal- anions. The electrode was further used to measure the concentration of carbonate anions in boiler water. The measured concentration was lower than that determined via titration. Overall, the electrode exhibited the advantages of miniaturized size, robust construction, and compatibility with other equipment and thus could be ideally integrated into various sensor platforms to collect chemical data from industrial heat exchangers.

关键词： Ag2CO3-BaCO3 Ion-selective electrode Carbonate determination Heat exchange water

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Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and Applications X...

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Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

ISBN: (纸本)0819466646

The proceedings contain 126 papers. The topics discussed include: progress with type-ii superlattice IR detector arrays;comparison of type-ii superlattice and HgCdTe infrared detector technologies;performance of focal plane arrays for the photon counting arrays (PCAR) program;small pitch large format long-wave infrared QWIP plane arrays for polarimetric imagery;signal processing core for high performance thermal imaging;uncooled MEMS IR imagers with optical readout and image processing;solid state optical thermal imagers;recent development of ultra small pixel uncooled focal plane arrays of DRS;advanced electromechanical micro-shutters for thermal infrared night vision imaging and targeting systems;passivation of W-structured type-ii superlattice long-wave infrared photodiodes;scene-based nonuniformity correction using texture-based adaptive filtering;and nonuniformity correction algorithm based on a noise-cancellation system for infrared focal-plane arrays.

关键词： Infrared detectors

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Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

Proceedings of SPIE - Infrared Technology and Applications X...

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Infrared Technology and applications XXXiiI

ISBN: (纸本)0819466646

关键词： Infrared detectors

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TiO2 nanorod arrays@PDA/Ag with biomimetic polydopamine as binary mediators for duplex SERS detection of illegal food dyes

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2024年 1287卷

作者： Tan, Li Cao, Yanqiang Yan, Juanjuan Mao, Kang Liu, Li Wang, Xiaolong Ye, Weichun Harris, R. A. Zhang, Hua Lanzhou Univ State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem Key Lab Special Funct Mat & Struct Design Minist Educ Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geochem State Key Lab Environm Geochem Guiyang 550081 Peoples R China Ctr Inspect Gansu Drug Adm Ctr Vaccine Inspect Gansu Lanzhou 730030 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys State Key Lab Solid Lubricat Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Univ Free State Dept Phys ZA-9301 Bloemfontein South Africa

Based on TiO2 nanorod arrays@PDA/Ag (TNRs@PDA/Ag), a better surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with effective enrichment and enhancement was investigated for duplex SERS detection of illicit food dyes. Biomimetic PDA functions as binary mediators by utilizing the structural characteristics of polydopamine (PDA), which include the conjugated structure and abundant hydrophilic groups. One PDA functioned as anelectron transfer mediator to enhance the efficiency of electron transfer , the other as an enrichment mediator to effectively enrich rhodamine B (RhB) , crystal violet (CV) through hydrogen bonding, 11-11 stacking, and electrostatic interactions. Individual and duplex detection of illicit food dyes (RhB and CV) was performed using TNRs@PDA/Ag to estimate SERS applications. Their linear equations and limits of detection of 1 nM for RhB and 5 nM for CV were derived. Individual and duplex food colour detection was successfully accomplished even in genuine chili meal with good results. The bifunctional TNRs@PDA/Ag-based highly sensitive and duplex SERS dye detection will have enormous potential for food safety monitoring.

关键词： Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) Polydopamine modification Duplex detection Illegal food dyes

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