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Issues in multimedia databases: Coding for content-based image retrieval and digital copyright protection

Issues in multimedia databases: Coding for content-based ima...

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作者： Swanson, Mitchell David University of Minnesota

学位级别：Ph.D.

Advances in computer networks and multimedia systems have led to a rapid growth in large digital image databases. Sophisticated image management techniques are needed to provide efficient storage and retrieval of such image collections. Furthermore, efficient access and reproduction afforded by digital media leads to problems in enforcing intellectual property rights. This thesis addresses two key issues in multimedia databases. The first issue is efficient management of large image libraries. We introduce a system which efficiently stores a large collection of images while simultaneously providing content-based access to the images. The new system is designed to minimize a weighted sum of the expected compressed image sizes and the expected query response time. The image management system supports several advanced database features, including compressed data modification and progressive refinement retrieval based on low complexity hit pattern matching. In experimental results based on a 1.4 Mbyte image database, the number of bits read during a typical retrieval was less than 1000 bytes (i.e., less than 0.08% of the database). The second issue we address is watermarking digital multimedia, e.g., images, audio, and video. Watermarking is the process of encoding hidden copyright information in data by making small modifications to the data samples. To be practical, the hidden information must be perceptually invisible yet robust to common signal processing operations. We introduce a technique to watermark multimedia data using the masking properties of the human auditory and visual systems. The watermark is constructed by breaking each audio, image, or video signal into smaller segments and adding a perceptually shaped pseudo-random sequence. The noise-like watermark is statistically undetectable to prevent unauthorized removal. Furthermore, the author representation we introduce resolves ownership deadlock. The watermarking technique is shown to be extremely robust

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An analysis of multi-level color histograms 5

An analysis of multi-level color histograms

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Conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： Ng, RT Tam, D Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

Color is one of the most recognizable elements of image content, and color histogram is the most commonly used technique for indexing colors. Faloutsos et al. propose using a 3-dimensional index to perform histogram filtering.(3) Sawhney and Hafner later generalize the filtering approach by using L-dimensional indices.(11) The main contribution of this paper is the development and analysis of multi-level color histograms. The key idea is to insert additional levels of abstracted histograms in between a low dimensional index and the original histograms. Based on a cost model we developed, our analysis shows that in most cases, the optimal 3-level and 4-level configurations, when compared with the Faloutsos configuration and the optimal Sawhney-Hafner configuration, require lower CPU and I/O costs. Experimental results indicate that the gain in total time can vary from 22% to 400%. Our analysis also shows that the overhead required by 3-level and 4-level histograms is negligible.

关键词： image databases color indexing cost analysis optimizer issues

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Distributed data collection for a database of radiological image interpretations 5

Distributed data collection for a database of radiological i...

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Conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： Long, LR Ostchega, Y Goh, GH Thoma, GR National Library of Medicine (United States) National Ctr. for Health Statistics (United States) Century Computing (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

The National Library of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics and the National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, has built a system for collecting radiological interpretations for a large set of x-ray images acquired as part of the data gathered in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This system is capable of delivering across the Internet 5- and 10-megabyte x-ray images to Sun workstations equipped with X Window based 2048x2560 image displays, for the purpose of having these images interpreted for the degree of presence of particular osteoarthritic conditions in the cervical and lumbar spines. The collected interpretations can then be stored in a database at the National Library of Medicine, under control of the Illustra DBMS. This system is a client/server database application which integrates (1) distributed server processing of client requests, (2) a customized image transmission method for faster Internet data delivery, (3) distributed client workstations with high resolution displays, image processing functions and an on-line digital atlas, and (4) relational database management of the collected data.

关键词： radiographs digital xray client/server National Library of Medicine DBMS Internet DBMS

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MALCBR: Content-based retrieval of image databases at multiple abstraction levels

MALCBR: Content-based retrieval of image databases at multip...

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Conference on Multimedia storage and Archiving Systems II

作者： Castelli, V Li, CS Bergman, LD IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426628

Content-based search of large image database has received significant attention recently. In this paper, we proposed a new framework, Multiple. Abstraction Level Content Based retrieval (MALCBR), for specifying and process content-based retrieval queries on databases of images, time series, or video data. This framework allows search targets to be expressed in a object-based fashion, that allows the extensible specification of arbitrarily complex queries. In our approach, the search targets are either simple objects, specified at multiple levels of abstraction (pixel, feature and semantic levels), or composite objects, defined as collections of relation on the elements of a set of simple objects. During the search, simple objects at the semantic level are retrieved from database tables, feature level objects are computed using pre-extracted features;appropriately indexed, and pixel level objects are extracted from the raw data. Composite objects are computed at query execution time. This framework provides a powerful mechanism for specifying complicated search target and enable efficient processing of filtering of the search results.

关键词： content-based retrieval image library clustering classification neural networks feature vector template matching

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Fast encryption of image data using chaotic Kolmogorov flows 5

Fast encryption of image data using chaotic Kolmogorov flows

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Conference on storage and retrieval for image and video databases V

作者： Scharinger, J Johannes Kepler Univ. Linz (Austria)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424331

To guarantee security and privacy A image transmission and archival applications, adequate efficient bulk encryption techniques are necessary which are able to cope with the vast amounts of image data involved. Experience has shown that block-oriented symmetric product ciphers constitute an adequate design paradigm for resolving this task, since they can offer a very high level of security as well as very high encryption rates. In this contribution we introduce a new product cipher which encrypts large blocks of plain-text (images) by repeated intertwined application of substitution and permutation operations. While almost all of the current product ciphers use fixed (predefined) permutation operations on small data blocks, our approach involves parameterizable (keyed) permutations on large data blocks (whole images) induced by specific chaotic systems (Kolmogorov flows). By combining these highly unstable dynamics with an adaption of a very fast shift register based pseudo-random number generator we obtain a new class of computationally secure product ciphers which are firmly grounded on systems theoretic concepts, offering many features that make them superior to contemporary bulk encryption systems when aiming at efficient image data encryption.

关键词： image encryption product ciphers chaotic systems Kolmogorov hows pseudo-random number generation shift registers

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Content-based image retrieval in the world-wide-web - A web-agent for fetching portraits 5

Content-based image retrieval in the world-wide-web - A web-...

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storage and retrieval for image and video databases V 1997

作者： Munkelt, Olaf Kaufmann, Oliver Eckstein, Wolfgang Orleansstr. 34 München81667 Germany Technische Universität München Institut für Informatik Forschungsgruppe Bildverstehen Orleansstr. 34 München81667 Germany

This article propose a way to automatically retrieve images from the world-wide-web using a semantic description for images and an agent concept for the retrieval of images. The system represents image in a textual way, e.g. look for a portrait of the a specific person, or fetch an image showing a countryside in Southern California. This textual descriptions are fed in search machines, e.g. yahoo, alta-vista. The resulting html documents are seeked for links. The next step subsequently processes each link by fetching the document other the net, converting it to an ascii representation, and performing a full text search by using the image description. This leads to starting points of images which are retrieved via a web-agent. The image descriptions are decomposed in a set of parts containing image operations which are further processed, e.g. a set for representing the background of a portrait tries to find a homogeneous region in the image because this is likely to find in a portrait. Additional operations are performed on the foregroud, i.e. the image region which contains e.g. the face of a person. The system is realized using two C++ libraries: one for buildung up web-agents, LIWA++, and one for processing images, HORUS. © 1997 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： image analysis

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Wide-area distributed disaster-tolerant file system for multimedia data storage

Wide-area distributed disaster-tolerant file system for mult...

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storage and retrieval for image and video databases VI Conference

作者： Murata, S Iwatsu, S Ueno, M Izawa, N Ishii, K NTT Integrated Informat & Energy Syst Labs Tokyo 180 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819427527

We propose a new disaster-tolerant file system for multimedia data storage. To protect against natural disasters by eliminating the possibility of simultaneous failure in multiple disks constituting a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) system, our proposed file system features a RAID system with member disks spatially distributed over a wide area. The Fibre Channel standard has the potential to create an up to 10-km separation of member disks by using single-mode optical fiber cables. The prototype system of wide-area distributed file (WDF) consisting of a layered structure of RAID level 1 and RAID level 0 was tested. It has its entire data in a local disk and its mirroring data striped into two Fibre-Channel-connected disks by using optical fiber cables. The Effect of underlying software modules and hardware components on its read/write performance was investigated. Compared with a file system using a local disk, the prototype WDF system shows equivalent read performance by directing all reads to its local disk and its write performance is almost 20% lower. An on-line transaction processing (OLTP) benchmark was also executed. The WDF system achieved a throughput (transactions per second) similar to that of the file system using a local disk.

关键词： file system disaster-tolerant RAID disk array Fibre Channel wide-area distribution data storage OLTP

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A successively refinable wavelet-based representation for content-based image retrieval 1

A successively refinable wavelet-based representation for co...

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IEEE 1st Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing

作者： Servetto, S Ramchandran, K Huang, TS Coordinated Science Lab Beckman Institute University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780337808

Content based retrieval of image and video data from databases is a very challenging problem, whose interest is derived from the need of future databases to support efficient access to vast amounts of visual information. Typical queries to be performed in this context check attributes of objects present in image data, such as shape, color, relative locations, etc. Therefore, the way in which image data is represented plays a fundamental role in the efficient implementation of those queries. One possibility is to take the naive approach of storing images using standard compression techniques, storing image features (such as object shape descriptors, color histograms, etc.) as explicit side information, and whenever an image is involved in the evaluation of a query decoding it to full resolution;however, much more efficient techniques (in terms of storage and computational requirements) are possible. In this paper, we propose a new image coding technique which combines a wavelet image representation, embedded coding of the wavelet coefficients, and segmentation of semantically meaningful objects in the wavelet domain, to generate a bitstream in which each object is encoded independently of every other object in the image, and without explicitly storing shape boundary information. Furthermore, since the representation of each object is fully embedded applications may, independently for each object, specify the desired target bitrate and retrieve bits from the compressed bitstream. Preliminary results show that our new proposed method achieves PSNR numbers within 0.3dB of those achieved using the same coder without including segmentation information (which is one of the best within its class), thus showing that no severe performance loss results from enabling independent access to objects in the compressed domain.

关键词： image coding

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Audio as a support to scene change detection and characterization of video sequences

Audio as a support to scene change detection and characteriz...

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1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97)

作者： Saraceno, C Leonardi, R Univ of Brescia Brescia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0818679204

A challenging problem to construct video databases is the organization of video information. The development of algorithms able to organize video information according to semantic content of the data is getting more and more important. This will allow algorithms such as indexing and retrieval to work more efficiently. Until now, an attempt to extract semantic information has been performed using only video information. As a video sequence is constructed from a 2-D projection of a 3-D scene, video processing has shown its limitations especially in solving problems such as object identification or object tracking, reducing the ability to extract semantic characteristics. A possibility to overcome the problem is to use additional information. The associated audio signal is then the most natural way to obtain this information. This paper will present a technique which combines video and audio information together for classification and indexing purposes. The classification will be performed on the audio signal;a general framework that uses the results of such classification will then be proposed for organizing video information.

关键词： image segmentation

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Using feature selection to aid an iconic search through an image database

Using feature selection to aid an iconic search through an i...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： K. Messer J. Kittler University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK

In this paper a method that facilitates an iconic query of an image/video database is presented. A query object is characterised by colour and texture properties. The same characteristics are computed locally for the database images. A statistical decision rule is then used to test for similarity between the iconically specified query and the database image descriptors. We show that by carefully selecting the set of descriptors the false alarm rate can be significantly reduced. The floating search feature selection method has been adapted to make it applicable to the hypothesis testing based query processing. The dimensionality reduction not only improves the performance but also enhances the computational efficiency of the method.

关键词： image databases Spatial databases Shape Testing Indexing Information retrieval image storage Humans image retrieval World Wide Web

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