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检索条件"任意字段=Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, APGV 2008"

共 134 条记录，以下是41-50 订阅

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Transitional environments enhance distance perception in immersive virtual reality systems 09

Transitional environments enhance distance perception in imm...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Steinicke, Frank Bruder, Gerd Hinrichs, Klaus Lappe, Markus Ries, Brian Interrante, Victoria Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group Germany Psychology Department II University of Münster Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Several experiments have provided evidence that ego-centric distances are perceived as compressed in immersive virtual environments relative to the real world. The principal factors responsible for this phenomenon have remained largely unknown. However, recent experiments suggest that when the virtual environment (VE) is an exact replica of a user's real physical surroundings, the person's distance perception improves. Furthermore, it has been shown that when users start their virtual reality (VR) experience in such a virtual replica and then gradually transition to a different VE, their sense of presence in the actual virtual world increases significantly. In this case the virtual replica serves as a transitional environment between the real and virtual world. In this paper we examine whether a person's distance estimation skills can be transferred from a transitional environment to a different VE. We have conducted blind walking experiments to analyze if starting the VR experience in a transitional environment can improve a person's ability to estimate distances in an immersive VR system. We found that users significantly improve their distance estimation skills when they enter the virtual world via a transitional environment. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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A schema-based selective rendering framework 09

A schema-based selective rendering framework

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Zotos, Alexandros Mania, Katerina Mourkoussis, Nicholaos Technical University of Crete Greece University of Sussex United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

perception principles have been incorporated into rendering algorithms in order to optimize rendering computation and produce photorealistic images from a human rather than a machine point of view. In order to economize on rendering computation, selective rendering guides high level of detail to specific regions of a synthetic scene and lower quality to the remaining scene, without compromising the level of information transmitted. Scene regions that have been rendered in low and high quality can be combined to form one complete scene. Such decisions are guided by predictive attention modeling, gaze or task-based information. We propose a novel selective rendering approach which is task and gaze-independent, simulating cognitive creation of spatial hypotheses. Scene objects are rendered in varying polygon quality according to how they are associated with the context (schema) of the scene. Experimental studies in synthetic scenes have revealed that consistent objects which are expected to be found in a scene can be rendered in lower quality without affecting information uptake. Exploiting such expectations, inconsistent items which are salient require a high level of rendering detail in order for them to be perceptually acknowledged. The contribution of this paper is an innovative x3D-based selective rendering framework based on memory schemas and implemented through metadata enrichment. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics)

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Display size does not affect egocentric distance perception of naturalistic stimuli 09

Display size does not affect egocentric distance perception ...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Riecke, Bernhard E. Behbahani, Pooya Amini Shaw, Chris D. Simon Fraser University Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Although people are quite accurate in visually perceiving absolute egocentric distances in real environments up to 20m, they usually underestimate distances in virtual environments presented through head-mounted displays (HMDs). Several previous studies examined different potential factors, but none of these factors could convincingly explain the observed distance compressionin HMDs. In this study, we investigated the potential influence of naturalistic stimulus presentation and display size - a factor largely overlooked in previous studies. To this end, we used an indirect blindfolded walking task to previously-seen targets. Participants viewed photos of targets located at various distances on the ground through different-sized displays (HMD, 24" monitor, and 50" screen) and walked without vision to where they thought the location of the target was. Real-world photographs were used to avoid potential artifacts of computer-graphics stimuli. Displays were positioned to provide identical fields of view (32 × 24). Distance judgments were unexpectedly highly accurate and showed no signs of distance compression for any of the displays. Moreover, display size did not affect distance perception, and performance was virtually identical to a real world baseline, where real-world targets were viewed through 32 × 24 field of view restrictors. A careful analysis of potential underlying factors suggests that the typicallyobserved distance compression for HMDs might be overcome by using naturalistic real-world stimuli. This might also explain why display size did not affect distance judgments. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Distance perception in NPR immersive virtual environments, revisited 09

Distance perception in NPR immersive virtual environments, r...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Phillips, Lane Ries, Brian Interrante, Victoria Kaeding, Michael Anderson, Lee Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota United States Department of Architecture University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is a representational technique that allows communicating the essence of a design while giving the viewer the sense that the design is open to change. Our research aims to address the question of how to effectively use non-photorealistic rendering in immersive virtual environments to enable the intuitive exploration of early architectural design concepts at full scale. Previous studies have shown that people typically underestimate egocentric distances in immersive virtual environments, regardless of rendering style, although we have recently found that distance estimation errors are minimized in the special case that the virtual environment is a high-fidelity replica of a real environment that the viewer is presently in or has recently been in. In this paper we re-examine the impact of rendering style on distance perception accuracy in this virtual environments context. Specifically, we report the results of an experiment that seeks to assess the accuracy with which people judge distances in a non-photorealistically rendered virtual environment that is a directly-derived stylistic abstraction of the actual environment that they are currently in. Our results indicate that people tend to underestimate distances to a significantly greater extent in a co-located virtual environment when it is rendered using a line-drawing style than when it is rendered using high fidelity textures derived from photographs. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Effects of scale change on distance perception in virtual environments 09

Effects of scale change on distance perception in virtual en...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Nguyen, Tien Dat Ziemer, Christine J. Plumert, Jodie M. Cremer, James F. Kearney, Joseph K. Computer Science Department University of Iowa United States Department of Psychology University of Iowa United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

We conducted two experiments to investigate effects of scale changes on distance perception in virtual environments. In both experiments, participants first made distance estimates with feedback in a virtual tunnel (adaptation) and then made distance estimates without feedback in a differently sized environment (test). We examined two types of scale changes. In the "Tunnel Scaled" conditions, only the size of the tunnel changed from adaptation to test. In the "All Scaled" conditions, both the tunnel and target sizes changed from adaptation to test, along with the distance between the targets. Both experiments were carried out in an HMD. In the first experiment, participants made distance estimates by moving to targets via a joystick. In the "All Scaled" condition, participants overshot relative to adaptation when going from a large to a small environment, and they undershot relative to adaptation when going from a small to a large environment. We found almost no effects of scale change in either direction when only the tunnel was scaled at test. Experiment 2 was the same except that subjects made distance estimates via blindfolded walking. The pattern of results was the same, though the size of the overshoot/undershoot was attenuated. The discussion focuses on explanations for the effects of scale changes on distance estimates. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Step synchronization and third person speed perception in virtual environment locomotion simulators 09

Step synchronization and third person speed perception in vi...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Lehtinen, Sonja Cheung, Clara Pelah, Adar Cameron, Jonathan Lasenby, Joan University of Cambridge United Kingdom University of York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Human locomotion is known to be influenced by observation of another person's gait. For example, athletes often synchronize their step in long distance races. However, how interaction with a virtual runner affects the gait of a real runner has not been studied. We investigated this by creating an illusion of running behind a virtual model (VM) using a treadmill and large screen virtual environment showing a video of a VM. We looked at step synchronization between the real and virtual runner and at the role of the step frequency (SF) in the real runner's perception of VM speed. We found that subjects match VM SF when asked to match VM speed with their own (Figure 1). This indicates step synchronization may be a strategy of speed matching or speed perception. Subjects chose higher speeds when VMSF was higher (though VM was 12km/h in all videos). This effect was more pronounced when the speed estimate was rated verbally while standing still. (Figure 2). This may due to correlated physical activity affecting the perception of VM speed [Jacobs et al. 2005];or step synchronization altering the subjects' perception of self speed [Durgin et al. 2007]. Our findings indicate that third person activity in a collaborative virtual locomotive environment can have a pronounced effect on an observer's gait activity and their perceptual judgments of the activity of others: the SF of others (virtual or real) can potentially influence one's perception of self speed and lead to changes in speed and SF. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms would support the design of more compelling virtual trainers and may be instructive for competitive athletics in the real world. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Effects of animation, user-controlled interactions, and multiple static views in understanding 3D structures 09

Effects of animation, user-controlled interactions, and mult...

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apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Sando, Taylor Tory, Melanie Irani, Pourang University of Manitoba Canada University of Victoria Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

visualizations of 3D spatial structures use various techniques such as user controlled interactions or 2D projection views to convey the structure to users. Researchers have shown that motion cues can help assimilate the structure of 3D spatial data, particularly for discerning occluded parts of the objects. However, motion cues or smooth animations also have costs - they increase the viewing time. What remains unclear is whether any one particular viewing modality allows users to understand and operate on the 3D structure as effectively as a combination of 2D and 3D static views. To assess the effectiveness of understanding 3D structures, we carried out three experiments. In all three experiments we evaluated the effectiveness of perceiving 3D structures with either self controlled interactions, animated transitions, and 2D+3D static views. In the first experiment, subjects were given a task to estimate the relative distances of objects in a 3D scene. In the second experiment, subjects made judgements to discern and identify the existence of differences between 3D objects. In the third experiment, participants were required to reconstruct a 3D spatial structure based on the 3D models presented to them. Results of the three experiments reveal that participants were more accurate and performed the spatial tasks faster with smooth animations and self-controlled interactions than with 2D+3D static views. Our results overall suggest that the costs involved in interacting or animating a 3D spatial structure are significantly outweighed by the perceptual benefits derived from viewing and interacting in these modes of presentation. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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apgv 2008 - Proceedings of the symposium on applied preception in graphics and visualization

APGV 2008 - Proceedings of the symposium on applied precepti...

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symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, apgv 2008

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939814

The proceedings contain 29 papers. The topics discussed include: the effects of virtual reality, augmented reality and motion parallax on egocentric depth perception;HMD calibration and its effects on distance judgments;fixation-identification in dynamic scenes: comparing an automated algorithm to manual coding;perceptual evaluation of position and orientation context rules for pedestrian formations;effect of scenario on perceptual sensitivity to errors in animation;ensemble-space visualization improves perception of 3D state of molecular dynamics simulation;effects of horizontal field-of-view restriction on maneuvering performance through complex structured environments;tricking people into feeling like they are moving when they are not paying attention;joint and individual walking in an immersive collaborative virtual environment;and a full-body avatar improves egocentric distance judgments in an immersive virtual environment.

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Proceedings - apgv 2007: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

Proceedings - APGV 2007: Symposium on Applied Perception in ...

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apgv 2007: 4th symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

ISBN: (纸本)159593670X

The proceedings contain 25 papers. The topics discussed include: hybrid image-/model-based gaze-contingent rendering;psychophysics for perception of (In)determinate art;psychophysical investigation of facial expressions using computer animated faces;a statistical approach for image difficulty estimation in X-ray screening using image measurements;redesign of classic information visualization techniques in an artistic computing perspective;simulation and optimization of display visibility;cognitive evaluation of uncertainty visualization methods for decision making;incorporating visual attention into mesh simplification techniques;action-based slant perception in real and virtual environments;redundancy reduction in 3D facial motion capture data for animation;perceptual uniformity of contrast scaling in complex images;3D facial expression analysis and deformation;and spatial properties of light fields in natural scenes.

关键词： Data visualization

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perception of Direction Changes in Animated Data visualization 08

Perception of Direction Changes in Animated Data Visualizati...

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symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Tekusova, Tatiana Skwarek, Slawomir J. Kohlhammer, Joern Paramei, Galina V. Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939814

This study was inspired by the task of revealing similarity in the development of financial indicators. We use a simplified analogy of animated scatterplots for time-dependent financial data and focus on perceptual aspects of animated data visualization. We are interested in the parameters of item coherent motion that affect detection of direction change in an item subset. The motion velocity and the angular difference in the subset motion were varied consistently. The rate of correct responses and reaction times (RTs) served as performance measures. Our results provide guidance for designing motion-based information visualization tools.

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