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检索条件"任意字段=Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization"

共 152 条记录，以下是141-150 订阅

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An experimental investigation of distance perception in real vs. immersive virtual environments via direct blind walking in a high-fidelity model of the same room 04

An experimental investigation of distance perception in real...

引用

Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Interrante, Victoria Anderson, Lee Ries, Brian Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Engineering University of Minnesota United States Department of Architecture University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

Possible methods for facilitating a more accurate perception of egocentric distance in immersive virtual environments (IVE) were developed. Two elements that were considered in the experiment include: to remove the possibility of cognitive dissonance associated with the present virtual environment be different from the real environment and to analyze whether users be provided with short-range haptic feedback about the presence, size, and spatial location of a real object in the virtual environment. It was found that people walked more slowly in the IVE. It was also found that virtual environment (VE) was rendered in full three-dimensional (3D) using photorealistic textures, and was colocated with the real world environment.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Using facial texture manipulation to study facial motion perception 04

Using facial texture manipulation to study facial motion per...

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Kleiner, Mario Schwaninger, Adrian Cunningham, Douglas Knappmeyer, Barbara Max Planck Inst. for Biol. Cybernet. Tuebingen Germany CNS New York University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

An automated method of performing manipulations on facial video recordings and its applications to investigate human dynamic face perception was developed. The known camera parameters, head shape and rigid head pose for each recorded video frame allowed registration of texels in the texture map of the actor's head model with corresponding pixels in each video frame. The resulting manipulated texture for each video frame was reapplied to an actor's head model and the model was rendered either in isolation with altered rigid head motion or head shape, for manipulating the original facial texture of the video clip. The effects of motion on facial expression using a paradigm used in face recognition experiments was also investigated.

关键词： Face recognition

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Throwing vs. walking as indicators of distance perception in real and virtual environments 04

Throwing vs. walking as indicators of distance perception in...

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Sahm, Cynthia S. Creem-Regehr, Sarah H. Thompson, William B. Willemsen, Peter Department of Psychology University of Utah United States School of Computing University of Utah United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

The influence of the response measure, rather than perceptual variables, on absolute distance perception in real and virtual environments (VE) were examined. Two environments such as a real and virtual hallway and two measures such as throwing and walking in a mixed between- and within- subject design were used for examination. It was found that both throwing and walking measures were compressed in the VE but accurate in the real world. Results demonstrated that two different visually directed actions showed similar results in real and virtual environments. It was suggested that distance compression found in VEs could be the result of a general perceptual bias rather than specific to the response measure.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Second order image statistics in computer graphics 04

Second order image statistics in computer graphics

引用

Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Reinhard, Erik Shirley, Peter Ashikhmin, Michael Troscianko, Tom University of Central Florida United States University of Utah United States SUNY Stony Brook United States University of Bristol United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

The class of all natural images is an extremely small fraction of all possible images. Some of the structure of natural images can be modeled statistically, revealing striking regularities. Moreover, the human visual system appears to be optimized to view natural images. Images that do not behave statistically as natural images are harder for the human visual system to interpret. This paper reviews second order image statistics as well as their implications for computer graphics. We show that these statistics are predominantly due to geometric modeling, while being largely unaffected by the choice of rendering parameters. As a result, second order image statistics are useful for modeling applications, which we show in direct examples (recursive random displacement terrain modeling and solid texture synthesis). Finally, we present an image reconstruction filter based on second order image statistics.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Conveying three-dimensional shape with texture 04

Conveying three-dimensional shape with texture

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Kim, Sunghee Hagh-Shenas, Haleh Interrante, Victoria University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

Studies have shown that although shading is an important shape cue, visual perception of surface shape from shading only is severely limited when the surface is viewed locally without other visual cues such as occluding contours [Mamassian and Kersten 1996;Erens et al. 1993], Research has shown that when the "right" texture is added to the surface, observers can reliably infer the 3D structure of the underlying shape. In our previous work we have found that the performance of subjects' shape judgment is significantly better when the shaded surface is textured with a principal direction oriented pattern than other directional texture following either a uniformly constant direction or varying non-geodesic paths unrelated to the surface geometry. In this paper we report our findings of a new study further investigating the effect of anisotropic textures on shape perception when the surface texture is represented in the form of a pattern of luminance variations as well as of surface relief variations. We hypothesized that 1) observers' performance would be better with relief textures than luminance textures, and that 2) it would be poorer with the anisotropic textures that do not follow the principal directions. The results confirmed both of our hypotheses.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Example-based color stylization based on categorical perception

Example-based color stylization based on categorical percept...

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Chang, Youngha Uchikawa, Keiji Saito, Suguru Nakajima, Masayuki Dept. of Computer Science Grad. Sch. of Info. Sci. and Eng. Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Information Processing Interdisc. Grad. Sch. Sci. and Eng. Tokyo Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

We describe a new computational approach to stylize the colors of an image by using a reference image. During processing, we take characteristics of human color perception into account to generate more appealing results. Our system starts by classifying each pixel value into one of a set of the basic color categories, derived from our psycho-physiological experiments. The basic color categories are perceptual categories that are universal to everyone, regardless of nationality or cultural background. These categories provide restrictions on the color transformations to avoid generating unnatural results. Our system then renders a new image by transferring colors from a reference image to the input image, based on this categorizations. To avoid artifacts due to the explicit clustering, our system defines fuzzy categorization when pseudo-contours appear in the resulting image. We present a variety of results and show that our color transformation performs a large, yet natural color transformation without any sense of incongruity, and that the resulting images automatically capture the characteristics of the color use of the reference image.

关键词： Color image processing

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Workspace calibration via perceptual judgments 04

Workspace calibration via perceptual judgments

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Sundareswara, Rashmi Schrater, Paul University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

3D graphic scenes are only correctly rendered for one viewpoint. Without laborious calibration, however, observers seldom view the monitor from this viewpoint. Even in visual experiments using headrests, inter-subject variability in head-size and eye position result in many subjects viewing the display "off-axis", producing well known distortions in perceptual judgments. The goal is to correctly render graphic displays for the application/experiment based on a simple set of perceptual judgments made by the user. We have two approaches. Our first approach uses point matches between points on a transparency and 3D haptic points that the user makes with the Phantom device. We use well-known calibration techniques from Computer Vision to estimate the transformation matrix between the mirror and the monitor and also the position of the eye. This method requires the presence of a 3D calibrated object (Phantom, in our case). Our second method uses the same transparency and user-adjustable points on the monitor to derive a transformation matrix between mirror and monitor, as well as the position of the eye. This method does not require the presence of a calibrated object and hence is more generally applicable.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Distance perception in real and virtual environments 04

Distance perception in real and virtual environments

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Plumert, Jodie M. Kearney, Joseph K. Cremer, James F. Department of Psychology University of Iowa United States Computer Science Department University of Iowa United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

Two experiments were conducted to compare distance perception in real and virtual environments. In Experiment 1, adults estimated how long it would take to walk to targets in real and virtual environments by starting and stopping a stopwatch while looking at a target person standing between 20 and 120 ft away. The real environment was a large grassy lawn in front of a university building. We replicated this scene in our virtual environment using a nonstereoscopic, large screen immersive display system. We found that people underestimated time to walk in both environments for distances of 40-60 ft and beyond. However, time-to-walk estimates were virtually identical across the two environments. In Experiment 2, 10- and 12-year-old children and adults estimated time to walk in real and virtual environments both with and without vision. Adults again underestimated time to walk in both environments for distances of 60 ft and beyond. Again, their estimates were virtually identical in the real and virtual environment both with and without vision. Children's time-to-walk estimates were also very similar across the two environments under both viewing conditions. We conclude that distance perception may be better in virtual environments involving large screen immersive displays than those involving head mounted displays (HMDs).

关键词： Virtual reality

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Frames of reference in virtual object rotation 04

Frames of reference in virtual object rotation

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Ware, Colin Arsenault, Roland Data Visualization Research Lab. Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping University of New Hampshire United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

It is difficult with most current computer interfaces to rotate a virtual object so that it matches the orientation of another virtual object. Times to perform this simple task can exceed 20 seconds whereas the same kind of rotation can be accomplished with real objects and with some VR interfaces in less than two seconds. In many advanced 3D user interfaces, the hand manipulating a virtual object is not in the same place as the object being manipulated. The available evidence suggests that this is not usually a significant problem for manipulations requiring translations of virtual objects, but it is when rotations are required. We hypothesize that the problems may be caused by frame of reference effects - mismatches between the visual frame of reference and the haptic frame of reference. Here we report two experiments designed to study interactions between visual and haptic reference frames space. In our first study we investigated the effect of rotating the frame of the controller with respect to the frame of the object being rotated. We measured a broad U-shaped relationship. Subjects could tolerate quite large mismatches, but when the orientation mismatch approached 90 degrees performance deteriorated rapidly by up to a factor of 5. In our second experiment we manipulated both rotational and translational correspondence between visual and haptic frames of reference. We predicted that the haptic reference frame might rotate in egocentric coordinates when the input device was in a different location than the virtual object. The experimental results showed a change in the direction predicted;they are consistent with a rotation of the haptic frame of reference, although only by about half the magnitude predicted. Implications for the design of control devices are discussed.

关键词： Object recognition

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A feasibility test for perceptually adaptive level of detail rendering on desktop systems 04

A feasibility test for perceptually adaptive level of detail...

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Proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Parkhurst, Derrick Niebur, Ernst Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

Level of detail (LOD) rendering techniques reduce the geometric complexity of 3D models, sacrificing visual rendering quality in order to increase frame rendering rates. Perceptually adaptive LOD rendering techniques take into account the characteristics of the human visual system to minimize visible artifacts attributable to the reduced LOD. While these techniques have been previously examined in the context of high-performance rendering systems, it is not clear whether the benefits will necessarily overcome the behavioral costs associated with a reduced LOD on ordinary desktop systems. To answer this question, two perceptually adaptive rendering techniques, one velocity-dependent and one gaze-contingent, were implemented in the Unreal™ rendering engine on a standard desktop computer and monitor. These techniques were evaluated in separate experiments where participants were required to perform a virtual search for a target object among distractor objects in a perceptually rendered virtual home interior using a mouse to rotate the viewport. In the first experiment, objects moving across the observer's field of view were rendered in less detail than stationary objects, taking advantage of the fact that visual sensitivity to the details of moving objects is substantially reduced. Reaction times to detect the target remained constant with decreasing detail, whereas reaction times to localize a target decreased. In a second experiment, an eye tracker was used to render objects at the point of gaze in more detail than objects in the periphery, taking advantage of the fact that visual sensitivity is greatest at that location. Reaction times to detect the target increased with decreasing detail, whereas reaction times to localize a target decreased. The results from these experiments suggest that a reduced LOD can impede target identification, however, the resultant increase in frame rates facilitates virtual interaction. Overall, the behavioral costs associated with perc

关键词： Sensory perception

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