In order to design controls for a dynamic system, it is necessary to have a model which will adequately describe the system's motion. However, it is often the case that, because of extremely complex physical pheno...
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In order to design controls for a dynamic system, it is necessary to have a model which will adequately describe the system's motion. However, it is often the case that, because of extremely complex physical phenomena, the laws of science are either too complicated or inadequate to give a satisfactory description of the dynamic system. In these circumstances the designer may turn to the second source of information about the dynamics, which is the data taken from experiments directly conducted to excite the system and to measure the response. In order to achieve high productivity in mechatronics design, an automatic identification system can be a strong tool. The basic requirements of such a system are discussed and a case-study is presented. A low cost version of the automatic identification system can better also quality and repeatability controls in manufacturing process.
作者：
MELLIS, JGPLATO, AIREIN, RJJames G. Mellis:attended Central Institute in Kansas City
Mo. where he graduated in Electronic Engineering Technology. He later attended the University of Minn. in Minneapolis. At present he works in the Manning and Controls Integration Section of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Mr. Mellis is responsible for developing manpower requirements for ship design and for the coordination of shipboard automation designs with the U.S. Navy's manpower policies and availability. Mr. Mellis is currently developing manpower requirements for the U.S. Navy's DDGX ship design. In this capacity he has examined proposals for shipboard manpower reductions through the use of automation and remote control techniques. Another project where Mr. Mellis is heavily engaged in is the Ship Systems Engineering Standards (SSES) development. Mr. Mellis is the assistant project manager for the test and evaluation and producibility aspects of the SSES project. Previously prior to his employment with NAVSEA Mr. Mellis worked for General Dynamics/Electronic Division as a Senior Field Engineer on the Apollo Instrumentation Ships (i.e. Vanguard Restone Mercury). He was responsible for Central Data Processing Systems on the three ships. Artis I. Plato:is the Head of the Manning and Controls Integration Section of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He is responsible for the development of accurate manpower requirements for all new construction and major overhaul ship projects for the U.S. NAVY. In addition
Mr. Plato must coordinate shipboard controls integration and automation aspects with manpower requirements to insure that a compatible solution is developed. Mr. Plato began his professional career in 1956 at the New York Naval Shipyard. There
he worked in the Internal Combustion Engine and Shipboard Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He served in Europe with various Construction Engineers units. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard. In 19
This paper examines the recent experience in the UNITED STATES NAVY where automation has been introduced into new ship designs. While other attributes are recognized in the introduction of automated shipboard systems,...
This paper examines the recent experience in the UNITED STATES NAVY where automation has been introduced into new ship designs. While other attributes are recognized in the introduction of automated shipboard systems, such as the ability to respond more quickly in combat situations, this paper focuses on the effects of automation upon ship manpower requirements. Specific examples show that expected reductions in manning were not achieved in recent ship designs where automation was incorporated for that purpose. While the use of shipboard automation is not without its critics, the U.S. Fleet appears to have accepted the concept. User feedback addresses the issues of reliability, the provisions for backup systems, the need for better qualified personnel and the concern about maintenance workload. The authors provide specific recommendations for improved guidance to ship designers to more effectively apply automation in the ship design process.
The activated sludge process is widely used in wastewater treatment. In order to get more highly purified effluent, a control method for adjusting the total volume of in-process sludge should be developed. The process...
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The activated sludge process is widely used in wastewater treatment. In order to get more highly purified effluent, a control method for adjusting the total volume of in-process sludge should be developed. The process has nonlinear and distributed parameter characteristics with a long time delay. A feed forward control method is proposed in this paper, assuming variations of daily influent load can be predicted. In this method, the respective flow rate of return sludge and waste sludge is determined at each control timing stage, based on the processdynamics simulators. This method is a practical approach for controlling the complex distributed parameter processes. The method is applied to Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) stabilization control. The results show that MLSS can be stabilized within a 5% deviation from the desired value.
The linearized processdynamics of the boiler in a solar-powered central receiver change abruptly when clouds pass over the heliostats which direct the sun's rays toward it. The steam temperature regulator used to...
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The linearized processdynamics of the boiler in a solar-powered central receiver change abruptly when clouds pass over the heliostats which direct the sun's rays toward it. The steam temperature regulator used to control exit steam conditions must control a system with variable structure and discontinuous state trajectories. This paper investigates the quadratic-optimal control of such a system and gives the design equations for the optimal regulator.
The technique of Model Reference Adaptive systems (MRAS) is applicable for direct adaptation of the parameters of a controller as well as for identification and state estimation. Originally the algorithms were mainly ...
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The technique of Model Reference Adaptive systems (MRAS) is applicable for direct adaptation of the parameters of a controller as well as for identification and state estimation. Originally the algorithms were mainly in continuous form, but presently digital implementation is common. The consequences of application of MRAS in practice are described. As a typical test case an adaptive autopilot for course control of ships has been designed. It is shown how to deal with certain types of non-linearities in the process' dynamics and the hydraulic actuators. Without special precautions the performance of MRAS in a noisy environment is bad. Several solutions are suggested which can easily be implemented in a digital computer. The resulting adaptive control system has been tested during full scale trials with various ships.
The rheological cure behavior of two categories of adhesives was evaluated in response to environmental (humidity, aging) and cure cycle (heat rate) variations. The first category consisted of 350 degree F curing syst...
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The rheological cure behavior of two categories of adhesives was evaluated in response to environmental (humidity, aging) and cure cycle (heat rate) variations. The first category consisted of 350 degree F curing systems containing both aluminum filled and nonfilled resins. The second consisted of 250 degree F curing systems containing accelerators in both a carrier supported and unsupported film form. Significant alteration in the curing behavior dynamics were found. Mechanical property degradation was also measured following exposure of the adhesive to 60% humidity prior to bonding. The resultant data indicates a need for new rigid process and control procedures to obtain optimum adhesive characteristics and reduce bonding failures.
A sampled data controller has been designed which is particularly suitable for handling load disturbances. The controller is applicable to processes that can be approximated by first order plus time delay dynamics. Fo...
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A sampled data controller has been designed which is particularly suitable for handling load disturbances. The controller is applicable to processes that can be approximated by first order plus time delay dynamics. For very fast disturbances, e. g. set point changes, the controller becomes identical to E. B. Dahlin's controller, while for slow disturbances it promises a significant improvement over the performance of Dahlin's controller. A simuation study is used to evaluate the performance of this ″Generalized Dahlin controller″ in the presence of noise and model errors and to compare it to Dahlin's controller. For load changes improved control behavior is obtained except in some cases of model errors and for high noise levels.
The rheological cure behavior of two categories of adhesives was evaluated in response to environmental (humidity, aging) and cure cycle (heat rate) variations. The first category consisted of 350 degree F curing syst...
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The rheological cure behavior of two categories of adhesives was evaluated in response to environmental (humidity, aging) and cure cycle (heat rate) variations. The first category consisted of 350 degree F curing systems containing both aluminum filled and nonfilled resins. The second consisted of 250 degree F curing systems containing accelerators in both a carrier supported and unsupported film form. Significant alteration in the curing behavior dynamics were found. Mechanical property degradation was also measured following exposure of the adhesive to 60% humidity prior to bonding. The resultant data indicates a need for new rigid process and control procedures to obtain optimum adhesive characteristics and reduce bonding failures.
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