The universal popularity of distributed systems is due to the increasing number of devices interacting with each other. A distributed system can be represented as a graph, and its functioning is described as a set of ...
The universal popularity of distributed systems is due to the increasing number of devices interacting with each other. A distributed system can be represented as a graph, and its functioning is described as a set of processes in this graph. In this paper, a model of using a cylindrical coordinate system to represent the system is proposed. The abscissa of one plane will simultaneously be the ordinate of the other plane. For unambiguous identification, the corresponding quarter number is added to the attributes of the process or event. In the next step, the cylindrical system is combined with the Cartesian one. This approach will allow us to separately consider two or more absolutely identical processes with matching events.
The upper mid-band (or FR3, spanning 6-24 GHz) is a crucial frequency range for next-generation mobile networks, offering a favorable balance between coverage and spectrum efficiency. From another perspective, the sys...
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The aspects of the application of multichannel optical fibers in cables and transmission systems of fixed networks F5G are investigated. The loop of optical cable quality and quality management with ensuring the requi...
The aspects of the application of multichannel optical fibers in cables and transmission systems of fixed networks F5G are investigated. The loop of optical cable quality and quality management with ensuring the required efficiency are considered. Analytical expressions are given to evaluate the throughput and efficiency of multichannel fibers, and numerical values of efficiency are given. The random process of fiber irregularity with the behavior of directional and resultant modes is described, experimental data are presented. The solution of the problem of optimizing the linear path of the transmission system has been described, the maximum length of the path without intermediate signal regeneration has been calculated.
The article discusses the process of developing a measuring receiver for testing radio tags of space monitoring systems. The relevance of this development is revealed, the scope of its application is considered. A met...
The article discusses the process of developing a measuring receiver for testing radio tags of space monitoring systems. The relevance of this development is revealed, the scope of its application is considered. A method for constructing a high-precision control and measuring complex for calculating the parameters of radio tag transmitters for space monitoring systems based on the stricture of a direct conversion receiver is discussed. The shortcomings of the structure of the direct conversion receiver and options for compensating for them in this development through the use of a pre-calibration system of the control and measuring stand are analyzed. The principle of operation of the pre-calibration system is discussed. A structural and functional diagram of the control and measuring stand being developed is given. Interim development results are presented, a calibration frequency synthesizer controlled by a microcontroller was assembled, its characteristics were measured in laboratory conditions, and the results of the user software, calibration and demodulation of test signals are presented.
The article discusses the possibility of using cascade multiple access Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing - Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing to ensure better noise immunity of information in channels with a h...
The article discusses the possibility of using cascade multiple access Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing - Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing to ensure better noise immunity of information in channels with a high level of absorption, scattering, fading, etc., such as the wireless underwater channel. The aim of the research also is estimating the comparative computational complexity of the signal propagation of both types of compared communication and information transmission systems based on cascade multiple access. The experiment includes researching of the number of channels with various rate of negative effects, specifically underwater optical and acoustic channels. All of the data obtained during the experiment belongs to them. Besides, the results of research demonstrate dependence of bit error rate on the signal-to-noise ratio
In this paper we discuss the methods for measuring optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) in high-speed coherent channels of optical transmission systems. The following OSNR measurement methods are presented in this art...
In this paper we discuss the methods for measuring optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) in high-speed coherent channels of optical transmission systems. The following OSNR measurement methods are presented in this article: out-of-band without channel disabling (but such a method has its own limitations in the field of application) and in-band with or without disabling the optical channel. In-band or in-service methods of measuring of the OSNR in next generation optical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems with coherent optical channels, polarization multiplexing and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format is still under discussion. This article states that it is preferable to calculate OSNR without disabling the optical channels based on an estimation of the correlation relationships between spectral components at predetermined pairs of spaced wavelengths.
Digital signal processing methods are crucial in analyzing radio signals, especially in complex radio electronic environments (REE). With advancements in radio communication, navigation, and control systems, REE often...
Digital signal processing methods are crucial in analyzing radio signals, especially in complex radio electronic environments (REE). With advancements in radio communication, navigation, and control systems, REE often hosts multiple sources operating on the same or adjacent spectrum segments, representing various radio systems. Consequently, signal mixing from different sources with additive noise occurs on the receiving end. Adaptive signal decomposition methods like Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) are employed to address such complexities. These methods enable the breakdown of intricate signals into simpler components without predefining basis decomposition functions. For instance, EMD identifies intrinsic modes, VMD separates modes using a variational approach, while EWT adaptively selects wavelets for decomposition. Each method boasts distinct advantages and limitations, and the selection of a specific approach hinges on signal characteristics and the required precision of analysis. This article offers a concise examination of these adaptive signal decomposition algorithms, outlining their descriptions and exploring their potential applications in radio engineering research.
One of the important areas of development of communication systems in the shortwave range is voice communication systems. An urgent task for such communication systems is to increase noise immunity, which allows incre...
One of the important areas of development of communication systems in the shortwave range is voice communication systems. An urgent task for such communication systems is to increase noise immunity, which allows increasing the range of the system, reducing power consumption and, as a consequence, the size and weight of the user device. The greatest noise immunity of voice communication lines in modern realities can be achieved by an approach that implements voice transmission in digital format, using voice codec to convert speech into a set of bits and back. In this case, the main way to increase the noise immunity of such communication systems is to reduce the probability of a bit error at the error correcting code output. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for determining the parameters of an error correcting code, synchronization sequences and direct spread sequence spectrum signal code construction, allowing to minimize the probability of a bit error for a given signal-to-noise ratio and channel model parameters for AWGN and multipath Rayleigh channels.
In recent decades, with the development of computing technology, decreasing size and lowering the cost of the component base of devices, it is becoming cheaper and easier to develop systems for capturing, processing a...
In recent decades, with the development of computing technology, decreasing size and lowering the cost of the component base of devices, it is becoming cheaper and easier to develop systems for capturing, processing and analyzing information about the elements of transport infrastructure. With the growth of cities, increasing population and motorization rates, traffic congestion is becoming more and more of an issue, resulting in lost time, increased pollution and increased likelihood of traffic accidents. The paper presents the application of adaptive metrics for vehicle counting based on the virtual detector system - «ViDES». The algorithm of the system operation, the equipment used and the set of video data for which the study was conducted are described. The object of the study is the influence of metrics implemented in the algorithm of vehicle detection on the accuracy of their counting. The obtained data can be used for more flexible tuning of the developed system, which should lead to an increase in the accuracy of recognizing the characteristics of traffic flows.
Automation and improved traffic management are key problems for modern cities and regions. This article presents an approach to the recognition and analysis of traffic flow using the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm....
Automation and improved traffic management are key problems for modern cities and regions. This article presents an approach to the recognition and analysis of traffic flow using the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm. The technique offers an effective solution for detecting vehicles and their movement characteristics. Based on neural networks and deep learning, YOLOv8 provides high accuracy and speed of data processing, which allows you to quickly and accurately determine the movement of cars, motorcycles, bicycles and other objects on the roads. The developed approach has the potential for application in various fields, including traffic flow management, road safety and the development of intelligent transport systems.
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