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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： S.C. Matz R.J.P. de Figueiredo Boeing Aerospace Company Seal Beach CA USA Laboratory for Intelligent Signal Processing & Communications University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA

Contrast is a measure of the variation in intensity or gray value in a specified region of an image. The region can be most or all of the image, giving rise to a global concept of contrast. The region might, on the other hand, be a small window in which case the concept of contrast is a locally defined expression. In this work, we introduce a nonlinear local contrast enhancement method. This method utilizes the Munsell value scale which is based upon human visual perception. Use of the Munsell value scale allows for the partitioning of the gray scale into ten discrete subintervals. A contrast enhancement function then thresholds the gray values in a subinterval in a smooth manner about a locally computed quantity called the mean edge gray value. By enhancing the contrast in this way the original shades of gray are preserved tuned to human perception

关键词： Histograms Humans Seals Signal processing visual perception Iterative methods Coordinate measuring machines

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Introduction to modeling an imaging system with human detection of artifacts

Introduction to modeling an imaging system with human detect...

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IEEE Workshop on Microelectronics and Electron Devices, WMED

作者： V. Sukumar D. Warner P. Doherty H. Hess K. Noren S. Krone Micron Technology Inc. Boise ID USA Microelectronics Research and Communications Institute University of Idaho Moscow ID USA Department of Mathematics University of Idaho Moscow ID USA

This paper introduces a mathematical model to help identify defects for any imaging system. These defects become detectable when the combined information presented by an imaging system exceeds the perception threshold of a human visual system. These models are being developed under certain simplifying assumptions which are presented in the course of the paper

关键词： Humans Optical noise Optical sensors Optical imaging Optical signal processing image quality Semiconductor device modeling image processing visual system Mathematical model

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An Efficient Implementation of the Nearest Neighbor Based visual Objects Tracking

An Efficient Implementation of the Nearest Neighbor Based Vi...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Kairoek Choeychuen Pinit Kumhom Kosin Chamnongthai Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering King Mongmut's University of Technology Bangkok Thailand

An independent visual objects tracking is less reliable than the data association of visual objects tracking. This paper describes a tracking method based on the nearest neighbor (NN) data association, which serves lower computational than do the multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) or the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF) but gives low reliability, if the number of targets is increased. This reliability can be increased by selecting appropriate visual object model. To obtain low computation while capable of handling non-rigid object, we propose an object model which combines the threshold of accumulated object region and the object bounding box. The elements of the association matrix are the distance function that is proposed as a mixture of object models of distance function. The combinations of object models of distance function are important mechanism for determining appropriate state of object correspondence which can be divided into six groups: updated track, missing track, newly track, grouped track, merged track and complex track. The missing track is solved by the track life time criterion while the grouping, the merged and the complex track are resolved by using the proposed NN algorithm again. The experimental results are correctly shown on various situations of correspondence problem from surveillance image sequences

关键词： Nearest neighbor searches Target tracking Radar tracking Neural networks Signal processing Humans Object detection Shape Radar applications Data engineering

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Scalable near-lossless image coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2006年第4期15卷 043008-043008页

作者： Abhayaratne, G. C. K. Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England

In near-lossless image coding, each reconstructed pixel of the decoded image differs from the corresponding one in the original image by not more than a prespecifled value. Such schemes are mainly based on predictive coding techniques, which are not capable of quality or resolution-wise scalable decoding. Lossless image coding with scalable decoding is mainly based on transforms that map integers to integers using lifting factorization. In this work, the near-lossless quantization is incorporated into lifting to develop a wavelet-based near-lossless image coding scheme that supports scalability. The proposed technique, which performs online quantization, eliminates the inefficiencies of prequantization-based near-lossless coding and the difficulty in wavelet domain near-lossless quantizing. Two online near-lossless quantization techniques based on 1-D and 2-D transforms are presented. The algorithms outperform the prequantization-based near-lossless image coding in both bit rate and root mean square (rms) error performances, resulting in both subjectively and objectively superior performance in scalable decoding. The 2-D online scheme results in comparable performance with JPEG-LS, which is a nonscalable coding technique. Using these novel schemes enables scalable decoding of near-lossless coded images at the expense of a small increase in bit rates compared to those achieved using JPEG-LS. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： image compression Quantization Wavelet transforms Algorithms Wavelets Transform theory

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A Novel Approach to image Denoising in Multi-wavelet Domain

A Novel Approach to Image Denoising in Multi-wavelet Domain

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2006 International Conference on communications,Circuits and Systems(第四届国际通信、电路与系统学术会议)

作者： Shengli Lai Yongming Zhou Peizhuo Lv Leian Liu Jian Yu School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510 Department of Electronic Engineering Shaoguan University Shaoguan 512005 China

This paper presents a new algorithm of image de-noising. This new algorithm introduces both a new threshold function and multilevel threshold, and has not only the de-noising ability of the energy-adaptation, but also the capability of protecting edge information of image signal during the de-noising process. Simulation results based on CL2 multi-wavelet transformation indicate that the de-noising approach with both the new threshold function and multilevel threshold outperforms the previous image de-noising methods in both visual effect and signal-to-noise ratio.

关键词： image denoising Noise reduction Signal processing algorithms Signal to noise ratio Wavelet coefficients Noise level Power engineering and energy Signal processing visual effects Signal denoising

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Word Recognition based on Two Dimensional Lip Motion Trajectory

Word Recognition based on Two Dimensional Lip Motion Traject...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Takeshi Saitoh Ryosuke Konishi Tottori University of Environmental Studies Tottori Japan

The visual information doesn't have an influence with the noise in comparison with the auditory information. However, lip-reading is earlier technology than speech recognition, there is a problem that recognition rate is low. This paper proposes a novel feature to obtain high recognition rate for lip-reading. The proposed lip-reading method is as follows. First, sampled active contour model is applied to detect lip contour during the input image sequences. The lip size is then normalized. Next, a time change of two lip shape features (area and aspect ratio) is expressed as a two-dimensional trajectory of the lip motion. The most similar trajectory in a database which is compared with the target trajectory by DP matching is selected as a result word. We recorded ten Japanese words that uses for the wheelchair control. As a result of comparative experiment with other features in which has already been proposed, trajectory feature obtained the highest recognition rate of 97.2%

关键词： Speech recognition Trajectory Force control Active contours image sequences Shape Spatial databases Wheelchairs Target recognition Acoustic noise

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Macroblock-Level Mode Based Adaptive in-Band Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering

Macroblock-Level Mode Based Adaptive in-Band Motion Compensa...

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： Anyu Gao Nishan Canagarajah David Bull Image Communications Group Centre for Communications Research University of Bristol Bristol UK

This paper presents an adaptive in-band motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) scheme for 3D wavelet based scalable video coding. The proposed scheme solves the motion mismatch problem when motion vectors from the LL subband are inaccurately applied to the highpass subbands in decoding high spatial resolution video. Specifically, we compare the macroblock residue energy in the highpass frames obtained by using motion vectors from both the LL and highpass subbands, and then adaptively transmit different sets of motion vectors based on whether mismatch has occurred in the highpass subbands. Macroblocks in the higher temporal levels favour the selection of highpass subbands' motion vectors because the motion estimation process becomes less accurate as temporal level increases. The modes information, which specifies whether the LL subband motion vectors or the highpass subbands' motion vectors are used by the current macroblock, is coded by run-length coding. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves both the visual quality and PSNR for high resolution decoding with comparison to other in-band MCTF schemes. Furthermore, our scheme requires only modifications when performing MCTF in the highpass subbands, thus, the original strength of in-band MCTF for decoding low spatial resolution video is well preserved.

关键词： Adaptive filters Decoding Spatial resolution Discrete wavelet transforms Filtering Video coding Wavelet transforms Motion estimation PSNR image communication

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Analysis of Efficient Feature for Japanese Vowel Recognition

Analysis of Efficient Feature for Japanese Vowel Recognition

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Mitsugu Hisagi Takeshi Saitoh Ryosuke Konishi Tottori University of Environmental Studies Tottori Japan

Recently, speech, especially word recognition using visual information, has attracted significantly interest. In word recognition, the target is not just a word, but also a vowel. However, since vowel frames do not contain many phonemes, vowel recognition rate is less than that of the word. Some research has been done on vowel recognition. This paper analyses features that can effectively recognize five Japanese vowels. The process of our method is as follows. First, the sampled active contour model is applied to detect the lip contour during the input image sequences. The lip size is then normalized. Next, various features, such as the shape, diameter, and the approximate function features, are calculated and compared with the recognition rates using k nearest neighbor method. Two experiments, speaker dependent recognition and speaker independent recognition are carried out with five subjects. We calculated eleven feature sets and found that the feature set including the area and aspect ratio is the most effective. In the speaker dependent recognition, we obtained the recognition rate of 96.6%, and in the speaker independent recognition, we obtained 82.4%

关键词： Speech recognition Active contours Target recognition Shape Speech analysis image sequences Nearest neighbor searches Data mining image recognition Lips

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Detecting Replay Attacks in Audiovisual Identity Verification

Detecting Replay Attacks in Audiovisual Identity Verificatio...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： H. Bredin A. Miguel I.H. Witten G. Chollet Department TSI Ecole Nationale Supérieure des TéIécommunications Paris France Communication Technologies Group GTC University of Zaragoza Spain Department Computer Science University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand

We describe an algorithm that detects a lack of correspondence between speech and lip motion by detecting and monitoring the degree of synchrony between live audio and visual signals. It is simple, effective, and computationally inexpensive; providing a useful degree of robustness against basic replay attacks and against speech or image forgeries. The method is based on a cross-correlation analysis between two streams of features, one from the audio signal and the other from the image sequence. We argue that such an algorithm forms an effective first barrier against several kinds of replay attack that would defeat existing verification systems based on standard multimodal fusion techniques. In order to provide an evaluation mechanism for the new technique we have augmented the protocols that accompany the BANCA multimedia corpus by defining new scenarios. We obtain 0% equal-error rate (EER) on the simplest scenario and 35% on a more challenging one

关键词： Motion detection Speech Monitoring Robustness Forgery image analysis image sequence analysis Signal analysis Streaming media image sequences

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A fast and robust digital watermark detection scheme for cellular phones

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NTT Technical Review 2006年第3期4卷 57-63页

作者： Nakamura, Takao Katayama, Atsushi Kitahara, Ryo Nakazawa, Kenji NTT Cyber Space Laboratories Yokosuka-shi 239-0847 Japan Visual Media Communications Project NTT Cyber Space Laboratories Information Processing Society of Japan of Japan Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Robotics Society of Japan IEICE Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers of Japan Society for Information Display

We describe a fast and robust digital watermark detection scheme for camera-equipped cellular phones that enables users to follow links embedded invisibly in printed photographs to related information on the Internet. The scheme consists of two processes: correcting geometric distortions of the captured image and detecting watermark information in the corrected image. We implemented this scheme as a Java application on a cellular phone. Experimental results showed that it could be performed in less than one second with sufficient robustness against geometric distortions and noise, which satisfies the requirements for practical use.

关键词： Digital watermarking

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