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signal and image processing Techniques for VLSI Failure Analysis 1

Signal and Image Processing Techniques for VLSI Failure Anal...

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1st International conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Boscaro, A. Jacquir, S. Sanchez, K. Perdu, P. Binczak, S. Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte CNRS UMR 6306 Le2iArts & Metiers Dijon France Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales 18 AveAve Edouard Belin F-31401 Toulouse France Nanyang Technol Univ Temasek Labs 50 Nanyang Dr Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016488

For VLSI, internal electrical measurements are key steps to solve design debug issues and to perform failure analysis. Due to multiple metal layers, active areas of the chip are only accessible from the backside of the die. The ability of optical contactless techniques to operate through the silicon substrate and the few sample preparation required have widely contributed to promote them as unavoidable tools of the defect localization workflow. Timing issue or unusual consumption can be detected by static and dynamic photon emission analysis and Electro Optical Probing. The identification of the emission spots is an essential step of the process. Due to scaling, more and more emission nodes are located within the acquisition area so that large variations of emission intensity can exist and it is difficult to recover a signal with a good signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). In this paper, automated techniques are reported to locate spots in these complex areas and to recover electrical waveforms with a good SNR. We will underline the challenge and define applications boundaries of these techniques. These techniques gives some perspectives for probing applications and allows FA community to use signal processing methods instead of expensive devices.

关键词： Electro Optical Probing Light Emission TRI Local Maxima Research wavelets filtering

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Microaneurysm Detection in Retinal images Using an Ensemble Classifier 6

Microaneurysm Detection in Retinal Images Using an Ensemble ...

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6th International conference on image processing Theory, Tools and applications (IPTA)

作者： Habib, M. M. Welikala, R. A. Hoppe, A. Owen, C. G. Rudnicka, A. R. Barman, S. A. Univ Kingston Fac Sci Engn & Comp Sch Comp London England St Georges Univ London Populat Hlth Res Inst London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781467389105

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness amongst the working age population. The presence of microaneurysms (MA) in retinal images is a pathognomonic sign of DR. In this work we have presented a novel combination of algorithms applied to a public dataset for automated detection of MA in colour fundus images of the retina. The proposed technique first detects an initial set of candidates using a Gaussian Matched filter and then classifies the initial set of candidates in order to reduce the number of false positives. A Random Forest ensemble classifier using a set of 79 features (the most common features used within literature) was used for classification. Our proposed algorithm was evaluated on a subset of 20 images from the MESSIDOR dataset. We show that the use of the Random Forest classifier with the 79 features improves the sensitivity of the detection, compared to using a K -Nearest Neighbours classifier that has been proposed in other techniques. In addition, the Random Forest is capable of ranking features according to their importance. We have ranked the 79 features according to their importance. This ranking provides an insight into the most important features that are necessary for discriminating true MA candidates from spurious objects. Eccentricity, aspect ratio and moments are found to be among the important features.

关键词： image processing Medical image Analysis Retinal Imaging Microaneurysm Detection Random Forest Diabetic Retinopathy.

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SNR enhancement for catheter based intravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging

SNR enhancement for catheter based intravascular photoacoust...

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conference on Photons Plus Ultrasound - Imaging and Sensing

作者： Cho, Seonghee Choi, Changhoon Ahn, Joongho Kim, Taehoon Park, Sungjo Park, Hyoeun Kim, Jinmoo Lee, Seunghoon Kang, Yeonsu Chang, Kiyuk Kim, Yongmin Kim, Chulhong Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Sch Interdisciplinary Biosci & Bioengn Pohang 37673 South Korea Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Dept Creat IT Engn Pohang 37673 South Korea Catholic Univ Korea Div Cardiol Dept Internal Med Coll Med Seoul 06591 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781510605695;9781510605701

Atherosclerosis, the most common cause of death, kills suddenly by arterial occlusion by thrombosis, which is caused by plaque rupture. Because a growing necrotic core is highly related to plaque rupture in atherosclerosis, distinguishing between fibrous plaque and lipid-rich plaque in real time is important, but has been challenging. Real-time photoacoustic imaging requires a pulse laser with high repetition rate, which tends to sacrifice pulse energy. Furthermore, a high repetition rate is hard to achieve at lipid-sensitive wavelengths, such as 1210 nm and 1720 nm. To address the unmet need, we have developed the algorithm for PA imaging. We successfully acquired ex vivo PA images from the lipid cores of arterial plaques in rabbit arteries, using a low-power 1064-nm laser. PA images were acquired with a custom-made catheter employing a single-element 40-MHz ultrasound transducer and a compact 1064-nm laser with the pulse energy of 5 mu J and the repetition rate of 24 kHz. Acquired raw data were processed in the time and frequency domains. In the time domain, a delay-and-sum algorithm was used for image enhancement. In the frequency domain, signals exceeding the MTF were removed. As a result, SNR was increased by about 10 dB without degrading spatial resolution. We were able to achieve high-speed and high-SNR lipid target imaging in animals in spite of the low lipid sensitivity of a 1064nm laser. These results show good promise for detecting lipid-rich plaques with a compact high-speed laser, which can be easily adapted for target clinical applications.

关键词： Photoacoustic tomography coronary artery disease vulnerable plaque intravascular disease atherosclerosis signal processing noise removal

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Total variation regularization with bounded linear variations 39

Total variation regularization with bounded linear variation...

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conference on applications of Digital image processing xxxIx

作者： Makovetskii, Artyom Voronin, Sergei Kober, Vitaly Chelyabinsk State Univ Dept Math Chelyabinsk Chelyabinskaya Russia CICESE Dept Comp Sci Ensenada 22860 Baja California Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781510603349

ISBN: (纸本)9781510603332;9781510603349

One of the most known techniques for signal denoising is based on total variation regularization (TV regularization). A better understanding of TV regularization is necessary to provide a stronger mathematical justification for using TV minimization in signal processing. In this work, we deal with an intermediate case between one- and two-dimensional cases;that is, a discrete function to be processed is two-dimensional radially symmetric piecewise constant. For this case, the exact solution to the problem can be obtained as follows: first, calculate the average values over rings of the noisy function;second, calculate the shift values and their directions using closed formulae depending on a regularization parameter and structure of rings. Despite the TV regularization is effective for noise removal;it often destroys fine details and thin structures of images. In order to overcome this drawback, we use the TV regularization for signal denoising subject to linear signal variations are bounded.

关键词： image restoration total variation denoising exact solutions linear variation

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Investigation of Optimal Wavelet Techniques for De-noising of MRI Brain Abnormal image

Investigation of Optimal Wavelet Techniques for De-noising o...

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International conference on Computational Modelling and Security (CMS)

作者： Sowjanya, V. Rao, G. Sasibhushana Sarvani, A. AndhraUniv Coll Engn A Dept ECE Waltair 530003 Andhra Pradesh India AndhraUniv Coll Sci & Technol Dept Syst Design Waltair 530003 Andhra Pradesh India

In the field of medical applications, typically obtained medical images like x-ray, CT, MRI etc. consists of noise that reduces the visual quality of an image. Therefore, de-noising is essential during the image acquisition process. Though several methods are available for de-noising the image, the performance metrics of wavelets and threshold values to be used are not optimized for assessing the quality of an image. In this paper, DWT techniques with suitable threshold value and five objective quality metrics are used for de-noising the abnormal MRI brain speckle noise image. Quality metrics like Squared Error Mean (SEM), Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural content (SC), Structural Similarity Index Method (SSIM), and Absolute Mean Error (AME) are estimated for de-noised MRI brain image are discussed. The quality of the image is assessed depending on the metrics and wavelet threshold techniques.

关键词： MRI brain abnormal image DWT threshold Squared Error Mean (SEM) Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) Structural content (SC) Structural Similarity Index Metrics (SSIM) Absolute Mean Error (AME)

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Adaptive Dynamic Time Warping for Recognition of Natural Gestures 6

Adaptive Dynamic Time Warping for Recognition of Natural Ges...

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6th International conference on image processing Theory, Tools and applications (IPTA)

作者： Hiyadi, Hajar Ababsa, Fakhreddine Montagne, Christophe Bouyakhf, El Houssine Regragui, Fakhita Univ Evry IBISC Lab Evry France Univ Mohammed V Agdal LIMIARF Lab Rabat Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781467389105

Gesture recognition is one of the important tasks for human System Interaction (HRI). This paper describes a novel approach intended to recognize 3D dynamic composed gestures by combining Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) with an Adaptive Sliding Window which the name Adaptive Dynamic Time Warping (ADTW). We use the skeleton algorithm provided by the Kinect SDK to track the upper part of body and extract joints angles based on depth information. Each gesture is represented by the combination of angles variations and stored described as a vector. A composed gesture is a sequence of two simple gestures or more performed successively in time. We chose five simple gestures : come, recede, point to the right, point to the left and stop. For each simple gesture, we chose a reference sequence that perfectly represents it. In order to recognize all gesture of the composed gesture in the right order, we combine (DTW) with an Adaptive Sliding Window. In one hand, we use an adaptive window to browse through the sequence of the composed gesture by feeding it to each time with new data. In other hand, we use DTW to compare between the reference gestures and the the sequences defined by the adaptive window. In fact, by comparing each two sequences, DTW computes the euclidean distance between them. Finally, the reference gesture which gives the lower distance is considered as the source class of the tested gesture.

关键词： Complicated Gesture Recognition Dynamic Time Warping AdaptiveWindow Depth image Gesture Classification

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Improving the quality of the ECG signal by filtering in wavelet transform domain

Improving the quality of the ECG signal by filtering in wave...

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conference on Photonics applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments

作者： Dzierzak, Roza Surtel, Woiciech Dzida, Grzegorz Maciejewski, Marcin Lublin Univ Technol Nadbystrzycka 38 D Str PL-20618 Lublin Poland Med Univ Lublin Raclawickie 1 Str PL-20059 Lublin Poland

ISBN: (数字)9781510604865

ISBN: (纸本)9781510604858

The article concerns the research methods of noise reduction occurring in the ECG signals. The method is based on the use of filtration in wavelet transform domain. The study was conducted on two types of signal - received during the rest of the patient and obtained during physical activity. For each of the signals 3 types of filtration were used. The study was designed to determine the effectiveness of various wavelets for de-noising signals obtained in both cases. The results confirm the suitability of the method for improving the quality of the electrocardiogram in case of both types of signals.

关键词： ECG wavelet transform signal processing signal decomposition de-noising thresholding

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x-ray Astronomical Point Sources Recognition Using Granular Binary-tree SVM 13

X-ray Astronomical Point Sources Recognition Using Granular ...

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13th IEEE International conference on signal processing (ICSP)

作者： Ma, Zhixian Li, Weitian Wang, Lei xu, Haiguang Zhu, Jie Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Phys & Astron Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013456

The study on point sources in astronomical images is of special importance, since most energetic celestial objects in the Universe exhibit a point-like appearance. An approach to recognize the point sources (PS) in the x-ray astronomical images using our newly designed granular binary-tree support vector machine (GBT-SVM) classifier is proposed. First, all potential point sources are located by peak detection on the image. The image and spectral features of these potential point sources are then extracted. Finally, a classifier to recognize the true point sources is build through the extracted features. Experiments and applications of our approach on real x-ray astronomical images are demonstrated. Comparisons between our approach and other SVM-based classifiers are also carried out by evaluating the precision and recall rates, which prove that our approach is better and achieves a higher accuracy of around 89%.

关键词： support vector machine (SVM) x-ray astronomical image point sources binary-tree granule

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Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) imager and applications 4

Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) Imager and Applications

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conference on Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging applications IV

作者： Riza, Nabeel A. Univ Coll Cork Sch Engn Coll Rd Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781510601413

Starting in 2001, we proposed and extensively demonstrated (using a DMD: Digital Micromirror Device) an agile pixel Spatial Light Modulator (SLM)-based optical imager based on single pixel photo-detection (also called a single pixel camera) that is suited for operations with both coherent and incoherent light across broad spectral bands. This imager design operates with the agile pixels programmed in a limited SNR operations starring time-multiplexed mode where acquisition of image irradiance (i.e., intensity) data is done one agile pixel at a time across the SLM plane where the incident image radiation is present. Motivated by modern day advances in RF wireless, optical wired communications and electronic signal processing technologies and using our prior-art SLM-based optical imager design, described using a surprisingly simple approach is a new imager design called Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) that has the ability to alleviate some of the key prior imager fundamental limitations. The agile pixel in the CAOS imager can operate in different time-frequency coding modes like Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Data from a first CAOS camera demonstration is described along with novel designs of CAOS-based optical instruments for various applications.

关键词： Imaging systems signal processing Ocean optics 3D image processing Digital micromirror devices image processing Time-frequency analysis Modulation Near field optics signal to noise ratio Cameras image acquisition image restoration Optical sensors Spatial light modulators

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DIFFERENTIAL SART FOR SUB-NYQUIST TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION IN PRESENCE OF MISALIGNMENTS

DIFFERENTIAL SART FOR SUB-NYQUIST TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION...

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European signal processing conference

作者： Florian Roemer Marcus Grossmann Tobias Schoen Roland Gruber Alexander Jung Steven Oeckl Giovanni Del Galdo Institute for Information Technology Technischc Universität Ilmenau Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Ilmenau Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Fuerth Germany Institute for Information Technology Technischc Universitat Ilmenau Institute for Information Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau

In this paper we study tomographic reconstruction methods in the case that prior knowledge about the object is available. In particular, we consider the case that a reference object that is similar in shape and orientation is available, which is very common in non-destructive testing applications. We demonstrate that a differential version of existing reconstruction methods can easily be derived which reconstructs only the deviation between test and reference object. Since this difference volume is significantly more sparse, the differential reconstruction can be implemented very efficiently. We also discuss the case where knowledge about the misalignment between test and reference object is available, in which case the efficiency of the differential reconstruction can be improved even further. The resulting algorithm is faster, more accurate, and less sensitive to the choice of the step size parameters and regularization than state of the art reconstruction methods.

关键词： image reconstruction Computed tomography x-ray imaging TV Casting Inspection Europe

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