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Exploration of TMR Fault Masking with Persistent Threads on Tegra GPU SoCs

Exploration of TMR Fault Masking with Persistent Threads on ...

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IEEE Aerospace conference

作者： Andrew Milluzzi Alan George NSF CHREC Center ECE Dept. University of Florida Room 330 Benton Hall Gainesville FL 32611 NSF CHREC Center ECE Dept. University of Pittsburgh Room 1238D Benedum Hall Pittsburgh PA 1526

ISBN: (纸本)9781509016143

Low-power, high-performance, System-on-Chip (SoC) devices, such as the NVIDIA Tegra K1 and Tegra x1, have many potential uses in aerospace applications. Fusing ARM CPUs and a large GPU, Tegra SoCs are well suited for image and signal processing. However, fault masking and tolerance on GPUs is relatively unexplored for harsh environments. With hundreds of GPU cores, a complex caching structure, and a custom task scheduler, Tegra SoCs are vulnerable to a wide range of single-event upsets (SEUs). Triple-modular redundancy (TMR) provides a strong basis for fault masking on a wide range of devices. GPUs pose a unique challenge to a typical TMR implementation. NVIDIA's scheduler assigns tasks based on available resources, but the scheduling process is not publicly documented. As a result, a malfunctioning core could be assigned the same block of code in each TMR module. In this case, a fault could go undetected, impacting the resulting data with an error. Likewise, an upset in the scheduler or cache could have an adverse impact on data integrity. In order to mask and mitigate upsets in GPUs, we propose and investigate a new method that features persistent threading and CUDA Streams with TMR. A persistent thread is a new approach to GPU programming where a kernel's threads run indefinitely. CUDA Streams enable multiple kernels to run concurrently on a single GPU. Combining these two programming paradigms, we remove the vulnerability of scheduler faults, and ensure that each iteration is executed concurrently on different cores, with each instance having its own copy of the data. We evaluate our method with an experiment that uses a Sobel filter applied to a 640×480 image on an NVIDIA Tegra x1. In order to inject faults to verify our method, a separate task corrupts a memory location. Using this simple injector, we are able to simulate an upset in a GPU core or memory location. From this experiment, our results confirm that using persistent threading and CUDA Streams with T

关键词： memory locations fault masking tunneling magnetoresistance Upset GRAPPER PICK UP Graphics processing Unit scheduler program SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS Exploration THREADS scheduling process Cache memory Data Quality Aerospace applications

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A novel iris recognition technique using monogenic wavelet phase encoding

A novel iris recognition technique using monogenic wavelet p...

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International conference on signal and Information processing (IConSIP)

作者： Parmeshwar Birajadar Pushkaraj Shirvalkar Shubham Gupta Varun Patidar Utkarsh Sharma Ameya Naik Vikram Gadre Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam IN Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay Mumbai India Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering KJSCOE Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015238

Encoding the local phase of the iris texture has come out as a promising way of generating extremely efficient feature vectors. Gabor wavelets yield a local phase representation distributed over several scales and orientations. One of the very promising attempts at obtaining a useful phase information is from the field of analytic signals and wavelets. The monogenic signal is an extension of the analytic signal to multiple dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that utilizes multi-resolution monogenic phase for iris recognition. The motivation behind the proposal has been discussed and supported by experiments. Here we suggest that the distinctive ability of the monogenic wavelets to simultaneously extract local phase and orientation can be exploited for iris recognition applications. In order to test the effectiveness of the proposed method, the reconstructions obtained using multi-resolution monogenic phase are compared with the Gabor and Fourier counterparts. Improvement observed in the structural similarity index (SSIM) value reveals the suitability of the monogenic wavelet phase for the applications involving texture identification. Although monogenic wavelets can be used for general texture identification, here, we specifically consider the iris recognition application. Experimental results obtained on the CASIA version 1 and the version 4 interval databases show that the monogenic wavelets can achieve an accuracy comparable to that of the Gabor wavelets.

关键词： Iris recognition Wavelet transforms image reconstruction Encoding image segmentation Iris

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Manifold-based mathematical morphology for graph signal editing of colored images and meshes

Manifold-based mathematical morphology for graph signal edit...

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IEEE International conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

作者： Lezoray, Olivier Normandie Univ UNICAEN CNRS GREYC F-14000 Caen France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509018970

This paper presents a framework for morphological processing of graph signals and investigates its usage for colored images and meshes editing tasks. The proposed method enables, with the help of the construction of a manifold-based ordering of color vectors, to define a new representation of graph signals in the form of an ordering of vectors and an index. The ordering relies on three steps: dictionary learning, manifold learning, and out of sample extension. This enables to formulate morphological operators for graphs signals and we demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on various colored image and mesh editing applications (simplification, abstraction, enhancement).

关键词： Mathematical morphology

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Design of signal dependent wavelet transform

Design of signal dependent wavelet transform

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International conference on signal and Information processing (IConSIP)

作者： S. S. Chavan R. S. Holambe Instrumentation Enginering S.G.G.S. Institute of Engineering & Technology Nanded India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015238

Many wavelet design techniques build adaptive wavelets from existing wavelets. However, most of the techniques do not design wavelet directly of the signal of interest. Conventional signal dependent transforms are Karhunen-Loeve transform and Singular Value Decomposition whose basis function depends on statistics of an input signal. signal-dependent transform is considered to be best among all linear transformations with respect to energy compaction. Likewise, wavelets are best known for image compression, many researchers are interested in using wavelets for detection or recognition. Choosing appropriate wavelet for a given application is a challenging task. Therefore, there is a need of designing wavelet to match a signal shape which increases performance for detection or identification applications. J. Chapa and R. Rao [15] have introduced algorithms for designing wavelet to match the signal shape. The construction of direct wavelet function which will look like the signal and whose family of 2 -p/2 ψ(2 -p t - q) wavelets generate an orthonormal Riesz basis of L 2 (R) are established. In this method, numerical algorithms are used for finding matched wavelet amplitude spectra and group delays using sampled data which are signal dependent wavelets. Orthonormal scaling function (father wavelet function) is obtained by applying orthonormal multiresolution analysis (OMRA) conditions on input signal.

关键词： Multiresolution analysis Wavelet transforms signal resolution Delays Algorithm design and analysis Fourier transforms

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Polarization-correlation optical microscopy of anisotropic biological layers 39

Polarization-correlation optical microscopy of anisotropic b...

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conference on applications of Digital image processing xxxIx

作者： Ushenko, A. G. Dubolazov, A. V. Ushenko, V. A. Ushenko, Yu. A. Sakhnovskiy, M. Yu. Balazyuk, V. N. Khukhlina, O. Viligorska, K. Bykov, A. Doronin, A. Meglinski, I. Chernivtsi Natl Univ 2 Kotsyubinsky Str UA-58012 Chernovtsy Ukraine Bukovinian State Med Univ 3 Theatralnaya Sqr UA-58000 Chernovtsy Ukraine Univ Oulu POB 4500 Oulu Finland

ISBN: (数字)9781510603349

ISBN: (纸本)9781510603332;9781510603349

The theoretical background of azimuthally stable method of Jones-matrix mapping of histological sections of biopsy of myocardium tissue on the basis of spatial frequency selection of the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence is presented. The diagnostic application of a new correlation parameter - complex degree of mutual anisotropy - is analytically substantiated. The method of measuring coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy with further spatial filtration of their high-and low-frequency components is developed. The interconnections of such distributions with parameters of linear and circular birefringence of myocardium tissue histological sections are found. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy formed by fibrillar networks of myosin fibrils of myocardium tissue of different necrotic states - dead due to coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the 1st - 4th order) parameters of complex degree of mutual anisotropy coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of differentiation of cause of death are determined.

关键词： polarization Fourier optics and signal processing imaging systems medical and biological imaging

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DESIGN OF 16*16 HIGH SPEED MLM USING KOM FOR image FILTER APPLICATON

DESIGN OF 16*16 HIGH SPEED MLM USING KOM FOR IMAGE FILTER AP...

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International conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

作者： Mekkalaki, Ashwini. Kulkarni, Meghana. VTU VLSI Design & ES Belagavi Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399395

Now a day's digital signal processing applications such as biometric trait images, satellite imaging, medical imaging, mainly depends on the multipliers to improve quality of image. But existing Logarithmic multiplier techniques produces error in the output and also they require more time for calculation. Hence it is necessary to nullify the error and increase the speed of operation. To nullify the error and increase the speed delay. of the operation of the Logarithmic Multiplier, 16x16 "Mitchell Log Multiplier" (MLM) using "Karastuba Ofman Multiplier" is implemented. In this project Mitchell Log Multiplier with zero error is implemented for image filters. The higher order 16x16, 8x8 Multipliers are designed using KOM. The higher order KOM multipliers are divided into number of lower order multipliers using till basic block of order 4x4 is obtained using radix 2. 4x4 Mitchell Log Multiplier is designed with zero error by introducing error correction circuit. Further the 8x8 "Mitchell Log Multiplier" is tested for Gaussian filter to remove noise in image. The project model is simulated using xilinx 14.5 and synthesized using Spartan 6 FPGA family kit. The performance parameters such as speed, error area utilization and PSNR are evaluated. It is observed that using Mitchell log multiplier zero error is obtained for multiplication operation and PSNR of 25.11 DB and delay of 6.629ns is obtained.

关键词： FPGA MLM KOM Gaussian filter

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Iterative deconvolution methods for ghost imaging 4

Iterative deconvolution methods for ghost imaging

引用

conference on Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology IV

作者： Wang, Wei Situ, Guohai Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510604599;9781510604605

Ghost imaging (GI) is an important technique in single-pixel imaging. It has been demonstrated that GI has applications in various areas such as imaging through harsh environments and optical encryption. Correlation is widely used to reconstruct the object image in GI. But it only offers the signal-to-noise ratios(SNR) of the reconstructed image linearly proportional to the number of measurements. Here, we develop a kind of iterative deconvolution methods for GI. With the known image transmission matrix in GI, the first one uses an iterative algorithm to decrease the error between the reconstructed image and the ground-truth image. Ideally, the error converges to a minimum for speckle patterns when the number of measurements is larger than the number of resolution cells. The second technique, Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) like GI, takes the advantage of the integral property of the Fourier transform, and treats the captured data as constraints for image reconstruction. According to this property, we can regard the data recorded by the bucket detector as the Fourier transform of the object image evaluated at the origin. Each of the speckle patterns randomly selects certain spectral components of the object and shift them to the origin in the Fourier space. One can use these constraints to reconstruct the image with the GS algorithm. This deconvolution method is suitable for any single pixel imaging models. Compared to conventional GI, both techniques offer a nonlinear growth of the SNR value with respect to the number of measurements.

关键词： Ghost imaging image processing signal to noise ratio

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BOUNDED SPARSE PHOTON-LIMITED image RECOVERY

BOUNDED SPARSE PHOTON-LIMITED IMAGE RECOVERY

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IEEE International conference on image processing

作者： Lasith Adhikari Roummel F. Marcia Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399623

In photon-limited image reconstruction, the behavior of noise at the detector end is more accurately modeled as a Poisson point process than the common choice of a Gaussian distribution. As such, to recover the original signal more accurately, a penalized negative Poisson log-likelihood function - and not a least-squares function - is minimized. In many applications, including medical imaging, additional information on the signal of interest is often available. Specifically, its maximum and minimum amplitudes might be known a priori. This paper describes an approach that incorporates this information into a sparse photon-limited recovery method by the inclusion of upper and lower bound constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on two different low-light deblurring examples.

关键词： Photon-limited imaging Poisson noise Bounded sparse approximation Convex optimization wavelets Poisson noise wavelets Convex function point operation Gaussian distribution images image reconstruction Sim'eon Denis Poisson log-likelihood function

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Skin Subspace Color Modeling for Daytime and Nighttime Group Activity Recognition in Confined Operational Spaces 25

Skin Subspace Color Modeling for Daytime and Nighttime Group...

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conference on signal processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition xxV

作者： Shirkhodaie, Amir Poshtyar, Azin Chan, Alex Hu, Shuowen Tennessee State Univ Ctr Excellence Battlefield Sensor Fus Dept Mech & Mfg Engn 3500 John Merritt Blvd Nashville TN 37209 USA US Army Res Lab Image Proc Branch 2800 Powder Mill Rd Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510600836

In many military and homeland security persistent surveillance applications, accurate detection of different skin colors in varying observability and illumination conditions is a valuable capability for video analytics. One of those applications is In-Vehicle Group Activity (IVGA) recognition, in which significant changes in observability and illumination may occur during the course of a specific human group activity of interest. Most of the existing skin color detection algorithms, however, are unable to perform satisfactorily in confined operational spaces with partial observability and occultation, as well as under diverse and changing levels of illumination intensity, reflection, and diffraction. In this paper, we investigate the salient features of ten popular color spaces for skin subspace color modeling. More specifically, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of these color spaces, as well as the stability and suitability of their features in differentiating skin colors under various illumination conditions. The salient features of different color subspaces are methodically discussed and graphically presented. Furthermore, we present robust and adaptive algorithms for skin color detection based on this analysis. Through examples, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of these new color skin detection algorithms and discuss their applicability for skin detection in IVGA recognition applications.

关键词： Skin Color Space Modeling Daytime and Nighttime In-Vehicle Group Activity Recognition Confined Operational Spaces

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Investigating the performance of a low-cost thermal imager for forestry applications 22

Investigating the performance of a low-cost thermal imager f...

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conference on image and signal processing for Remote Sensing xxII

作者： Smigaj, M. Gaulton, R. Barr, S. L. Suarez, J. C. Newcastle Univ Sch Civil Engn & Geosci Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England Northern Res Stn Forest Res Roslin EH25 9SY Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (数字)9781510604131

ISBN: (纸本)9781510604124;9781510604131

Thermography can be used for monitoring changes in the physiological state of plants. This is due to stress factors influencing emissions in the thermal infrared part of electromagnetic spectrum, and in effect changing the thermal properties of plants. However, there has been limited research into the use of thermal remote sensing approaches for tree health monitoring in the UK. This is due to a need for high spatial resolution data, which is usually obtained with low temporal frequency. Newly emerging technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), could supplement aerial data acquisition, but sensor development is still in the early stages. This paper investigates the performance of a low-cost microbolometer thermal infrared camera, which was to be deployed on a UAV platform. First the camera was tested in a laboratory environment to investigate whether camera temperature changes have a significant impact on the image quality. Tests suggested that a rapid camera's temperature change is reflected in future images, but the expected temperature change rate experienced during UAV launch and altitude gain would not have significant effect on the quality of thermal imagery. Further field-based experiment showed that obtaining absolute temperatures of non-blackbody objects can be accurately performed with such camera, providing the emissivity of surfaces is accurately known. The variation in the target's surface temperature throughout time was also well reflected.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicle UAV thermal remote sensing microbolometer camera emissivity retrieval

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