This paper is concerned with the inspection of flat materials on which blemishes are to be found. In many such cases, inspection is facilitated by arranging the illumination to make an ideal surface appear uniformly b...
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ISBN:
(纸本)085296692X
This paper is concerned with the inspection of flat materials on which blemishes are to be found. In many such cases, inspection is facilitated by arranging the illumination to make an ideal surface appear uniformly bright. It is found that this can be achieved by several convenient configurations of tubular lights having a close analogy both with Helmholtz coils and with Butterworth filters. The paper presents principles and design graphs for three configurations in which some 'pass-band ripple' is allowed. It is intended that the paper will stimulate further discussion on the optimal design of lighting systems for inspection applications.
We have developed a new architecture for computer vision which is a Multi-level, MIMD machine (M3). It is a homogenous system where the control unit, processing arrays and image store are all built using the same type...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425869
We have developed a new architecture for computer vision which is a Multi-level, MIMD machine (M3). It is a homogenous system where the control unit, processing arrays and image store are all built using the same type of digital signal processor (DSP). DSPs provide satisfactory performance at low - and intermediate-level imageprocessing and make the construction of a homogeneous system possible. The processing array of the system consists of three linear arrays. Each linear array is dedicated to one imageprocessing type. The system has a modular design and it can be expanded easily. The overall system design utilizes distributed memory MIMD paradigm. The system is benchmarked with some low-and intermediate-level imageprocessing algorithms such as convolution, edge finding, Hough transform etc. and results are presented.
This paper proposes an integrated data processing system between video and audio. The subject in this paper is the action of "Playing the Piano". First the information generated from the action is defined ac...
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ISBN:
(纸本)085296692X
This paper proposes an integrated data processing system between video and audio. The subject in this paper is the action of "Playing the Piano". First the information generated from the action is defined according to the meanings;scale, key etc. Then depending on the meanings, each information is processed in a media space, where it is likely easier processed. We designed a co-operative musical scale detection system of audio and video data and performed basic experiments. The simulation results show that imageprocessing only gave the detection rate over 90 %(white-key) and sound processing could cope with faster key-hit movement and black-key hit detection and combining 2 processes gave higher detection rate. The proposed method can be applied to audio data compression. With the simple sound description model (Musical Scale, Amplitude and Phase), about 40-70 % of data reduction was achieved with better quality than processing audio alone.
Certain optical imageprocessing schemes proposed over the years are severely limited in performance because optical intensity distributions produced by the associated processors are characterized by extremely low sig...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425818
Certain optical imageprocessing schemes proposed over the years are severely limited in performance because optical intensity distributions produced by the associated processors are characterized by extremely low signal-to-bias ratios (SBR). The available dynamic range of standard (e.g., CCD) image detectors is used up primarily by the bias content of the distributions, with little dynamic range left over for information-bearing signals. Examples arise in connection with incoherent holography, time-integration acousto-optical spectrum analysis and correlation, and OTF synthesis, as well as in other areas. What is needed for the processing of such low SBR image distributions is an imaging device that is essentially ''ac-coupled,'' i.e., that rejects background bias components in low-contrast imagery and responds only to the signal components. The pyroelectric imaging camera, used traditionally for thermal imaging, has these characteristics if the bias components are non-time-varying and the signal components are made to change with time. Recent developments in pyroelectric materials and camera technology suggest that image processor outputs with SBRs of 10(-3) or less (the human eye is incapable of discerning signal information in such law-contrast imagery) can be detected with 8 to 14 bits of dynamic range going to the signal information alone. Thus, high SNR processing with low SBR signals appears possible. We describe briefly the operation of pyroelectric detectors and cameras and then introduce a variety of real-time imageprocessingapplications.
The traditional mean-squared-error (MSE) or peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) error measures are mainly focused on the pixel-by-pixel difference between the original and compressed images. Such metrics are improper fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425915
The traditional mean-squared-error (MSE) or peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) error measures are mainly focused on the pixel-by-pixel difference between the original and compressed images. Such metrics are improper for subjective quality or fidelity assessment, since human perception is very sensitive to correlations between adjacent pixels. In this work, we explore the Haar wavelet to model the space-frequency localization property of human visual system (HVS). It is shown that the physical contrast in different resolutions can be easily represented in terms of transform coefficients. We model HVS with the Haar filter with several Visual mechanisms and develop a subjective quality measure which is more consistent with human observation experience.
Recently developed object-based video coding schemes require the estimation of motion in arbitrary-shaped objects. A quad-tree structured variable size block matching technique is described. The inherent motion is rep...
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ISBN:
(纸本)085296692X
Recently developed object-based video coding schemes require the estimation of motion in arbitrary-shaped objects. A quad-tree structured variable size block matching technique is described. The inherent motion is represented by significantly fewer blocks than if conventional fixed size block matching had been used to provide a similar quality prediction.
The huge success of the Internet permits the transmission and wide distribution and access of electronic data in an effortless manner. Content providers are faced with the challenge of how to protect their electronic ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424277
The huge success of the Internet permits the transmission and wide distribution and access of electronic data in an effortless manner. Content providers are faced with the challenge of how to protect their electronic data, This problem has generated a flurry of recent research activity in the area of digital watermarking of electronic content for copyright protection. Unlike the traditional visible watermark found on paper, the challenge here is to introduce a digital watermark that does not alter the perceived quality of the electronic content while being extremely robust to attack. For instance, in the case of image data, editing the picture or illegal tampering should not destroy or alter the watermark. Equally important, the watermark should not alter the perceived visual quality of the image. From a signalprocessing viewpoint, the two basic requirements for an effective watermarking scheme, robustness and transparency, conflict with each other. We propose a watermarking technique for digital images that is based on utilizing visual models which have been developed in the context of image compression. Specifically, we propose a watermarking scheme where visual models are used to determine image dependent modulation masks for watermark insertion. In other words, for each image we can determine the maximum amount of watermark signal that each portion of the image can tolerate without affecting the visual quality of the image. This allows us to provide the maximum strength watermark which in turn, is extremely robust to common imageprocessing and editing such as JPEG compression, rescaling, and cropping. We have watermarking results in a DCT framework as well as a wavelet framework. The DCT framework allows the direct insertion of watermarks to JPEG-compressed data whereas the wavelet based scheme provides a framework where we can take advantage of both a local and global approach. Our scheme is shown to provide a framework dramatic improvement over the current s
Wavelet transform based techniques were developed and investigated for isolation and enhancement of objects in images. The primary motivation is the development of imageprocessing algorithms as part of an automatic s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819423440
Wavelet transform based techniques were developed and investigated for isolation and enhancement of objects in images. The primary motivation is the development of imageprocessing algorithms as part of an automatic system for the detection of concealed weapons under a person's clothing;a problem of considerable potential utility to the military in certain common types of deployment in the post cold war environment such as small unit operations. The issue has potential for other dual use purposes such as law enforcement applications. Wavelet decompositions of the currently available images in the Rome Laboratory database, namely, noisy, low contrast, infrared images, were studied in space-scale-amplitude space. An isolation technique for separating potential suspicious regions/objects from surrounding clutter has been proposed. Based on the images available, the study indicates that the technique is promising in providing the image enhancement necessary for further pattern detection and classification.
Pyramidal decomposition is known to be highly useful for progressive and lossless image coding. The present paper presents a methodology for the optimal construction of pyramids by selecting the analysis prefilters an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425915
Pyramidal decomposition is known to be highly useful for progressive and lossless image coding. The present paper presents a methodology for the optimal construction of pyramids by selecting the analysis prefilters and interpolation synthesis postfilters so as to minimize the error variance at each level of the pyramid. This establishes optimally efficient pyramidal lossless compression. It also has the added advantage of producing lossy replicas of the original which, at lower resolutions retain as much similarity to the original as possible. Thus, optimal progressive coding of signals or images is produced, as is needed for many applications such as fast browsing through image databases or hybrid lossless / lossy medical image coding. To achieve efficient lossless coding a scheme is utilized for the reduction of the number of data needed to be transmitted to reconstruct the original from the low resolution image and the errors produced at the various pyramid stages. This scheme in effect renders the pyramid into a ''reduced'' pyramid without sacrificing, however, the optimal analysis prefilters of the pyramid. Experimental application of this methodology shows that it outperforms existing methods for lossless and progressive image coding.
This paper presents an approach to image fusion for concealed weapon detection (CWD) applications. In this work, we use image fusion to combine complementary image information from different sensors to obtain a single...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819423440
This paper presents an approach to image fusion for concealed weapon detection (CWD) applications. In this work, we use image fusion to combine complementary image information from different sensors to obtain a single composite image with more detailed and complete information content. As a result of this processing, the new images are more useful for human perception and automatic computer analysis, tasks such as feature extraction and object recognition. In the fusion process, the images are first decomposed based on wavelet transform. Then at each lower resolution the images are fused by using several feature selection algorithms. The final composite image is obtained by taking the inverse wavelet transform of the fused wavelet coefficients. This technique has been applied to real data obtained from IR sensors. Special emphasis is placed on situations when weapons may not be completely visible from the sensors. Fusion results thadt demonstrate the utility of our approach are presented.
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