For workpiece recognition, the imageprocessing unit of an assembly robot must be fast and reliable. To improve an already existing system, we implemented an ASIC for real-time image correlation from a standard video ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819414786
For workpiece recognition, the imageprocessing unit of an assembly robot must be fast and reliable. To improve an already existing system, we implemented an ASIC for real-time image correlation from a standard video image based on an investigation of several algorithms for 2D grayscale image correlation. The architecture contains four parallel multipliers and uses a three- level pipelining schema. The ASIC, which is realized in a standard and macrocell technique, achieves a sustained performance of 16 x 106 MAC/s. A speed-up factor of 12 compared to a DSP56116 implementation at the same clock speed is obtained.
Factorization of orthogonal block circulant matrices can not be generalized in a straightforward way for block circulant matrices which are merely invertible. However, they can be decomposed into an orthogonal matrix ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416274
Factorization of orthogonal block circulant matrices can not be generalized in a straightforward way for block circulant matrices which are merely invertible. However, they can be decomposed into an orthogonal matrix and an atom that represents the `nonorthogonal' part of the matrix. Atoms can be characterized by nilpotent block-companion matrices. This characterization permits, for example, to derive bounds for the width of the band of the inverse of a banded block circulant matrix.
Defect classification by image based techniques is an important issue in quality assurance and nondestructive testing. The solution of the problem is usually complex and context dependent. A domain specific interpreta...
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This paper describes the realization of a TV interlaced to HDTV interlaced real time format converter for studio applications. The conversion is performed by motion compensated 3D- interpolation. The estimation of mot...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941638X
This paper describes the realization of a TV interlaced to HDTV interlaced real time format converter for studio applications. The conversion is performed by motion compensated 3D- interpolation. The estimation of motion is based on hierarchical blockmatching. Reliability checking of motion vectors is applied to achieve high picture quality. Furthermore various picture classification algorithms are utilized to improve the reliability of motion vectors. This format converter has been developed using field programmable gate arrays, digital signal processors and specially designed VLSI-chips for reduction of hardware amount. These VLSI- chips have been realized as semicustom and fullcustom chips. Besides employment within the format converter they are suitable for various applications in video processing.
This paper attempts to synthesise the wavelet theories to simple design procedures so that applied researchers can readily select or design wavelets with chosen characteristics for particular applications. The paper h...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780320468
This paper attempts to synthesise the wavelet theories to simple design procedures so that applied researchers can readily select or design wavelets with chosen characteristics for particular applications. The paper highlights the importance of the four most desirable characteristics of wavelets for use in digital signalprocessing, namely-orthonormality, symmetry, compactness and smoothness. Some of these characteristics are mutually exclusive and require design compromise. Examples of some most popular wavelets and the effects their characteristics have on the quality of the reconstructed image in wavelet-based image coding, are given for comparison.< >
The problem of discriminating handwritten from machine-printed text is important for character recognition applications because most recognition algorithms for handwritten text differ considerably from those for machi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415421
The problem of discriminating handwritten from machine-printed text is important for character recognition applications because most recognition algorithms for handwritten text differ considerably from those for machine-printed text. Therefore, an efficient segregation of the two streams is necessary prior to recognition in order to minimize systems cost and complexity. Several techniques have been proposed based on character connectivity and heuristics; but very few achieve results at the 99% level. The technique described in this paper has been proven to yield performance figures in the high 99% on tens of thousands of IRS tax forms and postal envelopes. The technique proposed is based on the use of density of black to white for a given binary field and the overall density of pixels for a gray-scale field as a main discrimination feature. First, the given field is boxed very closely and its boundaries are isolated in space. A horizontal histogram is extracted for this field, and the total number of black pixels is computed. The amount of black pixels per unit area is generated for binary text, and the sum of all pixels is generated for gray-level text. When tested on a large number of samples, these densities cluster following distinct normal distributions for handwritten and machine-printed text respectively. Fuzzy thresholds are set where the two normal curves cross with a confidence interval of 99%. The samples whose densities fall below the threshold are considered handwritten and the samples whose densities fall above the threshold are considered machine-printed.
In this paper we present the theoretical study and design of a GaAs-based guided-wave grating device for uniform out-coupling of optical power, to be detected on an external 2D plane. The model of diffraction is based...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941445X
In this paper we present the theoretical study and design of a GaAs-based guided-wave grating device for uniform out-coupling of optical power, to be detected on an external 2D plane. The model of diffraction is based on the exact solution of the relevant boundary-value problem. The device is formed by a number of cascaded gratings, each of them having different geometric characteristics. Simulations have been carried out at different values of grating thickness and number of cascaded gratings, in order to obtain the best performance in terms of diffraction efficiency and device transmissivity. Uniform distribution of the out-coupled power on a 2D region has been achieved by varying the groove depth of each cascaded gratings. This device can be successfully used to obtain uniform illumination of coupled-charge-devices in optical computing and signalprocessingapplications, such as image restoring in synthetic aperture radar systems, spectral analysis, matrical multiplication, and so on.
This paper presents an algorithm for constructing a ternary phase-amplitude synthetic discriminant function filter tree for classifying an unknown image. The tree can classify an image in 2(DOT)Log2(N) filter applicat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416215
This paper presents an algorithm for constructing a ternary phase-amplitude synthetic discriminant function filter tree for classifying an unknown image. The tree can classify an image in 2(DOT)Log2(N) filter applications, where N is the number of training set images used to construct the tree. An example tree is constructed to demonstrate the concept. The example tree contains 10 M60-A1 images and 10 T62 images from 0 degree(s) - 90 degree(s) orientation. The resulting tree is applied to 162 test images of M60 and T62 tanks that were not included in the training set. The tree was 100% accurate in classifying each test image as the correct type of tank, and was 94% accurate in identifying the training set image that each test image was closest to in orientation.
This paper describes the requirements, design, and results of a modular data acquisition system with a resolution of 12 bits at up to 20 MHz sampling frequency. The modularity enables the analog-digital conversion to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819414689
This paper describes the requirements, design, and results of a modular data acquisition system with a resolution of 12 bits at up to 20 MHz sampling frequency. The modularity enables the analog-digital conversion to be separated from the digital processing/storage. This allows the latest, best performing ADC (analog-digital converter) to be easily integrated into the system by a re-design of only the AD board with the rest of the system unchanged. The converter employed operates at frequencies up to 20 MHz. The complete system produces measured quantization noise figures of -75 dB and integral non-linearity of -72 dB. The unit can sample video or non-video waveforms. For video applications, an active clamping system is used to ensure that the black level is accurately maintained. The framestore is connected externally using a high-speed digital data bus. This facilitates the inclusion of real-time digital processing units. The framestore used is doubly buffered to permit simultaneous acquisition and readout. The store is 8 Mbytes to accommodate HDTV images and has an input data rate of 40 Mbytes per second.
The proceedings contains 134 papers on the various applications of artificial neural networks. Some of the topics discussed are the application of such networks to: biomedical engineering, telecommunication systems, f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)078031901X
The proceedings contains 134 papers on the various applications of artificial neural networks. Some of the topics discussed are the application of such networks to: biomedical engineering, telecommunication systems, financial and administrative data processing, electric power systems, industrial manufacturing, character recognition, optimization problems, signal filtering, imageprocessing, computer vision and parallel processing architectures.
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