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Incremental Flow Scheduling and Routing in time-Sensitive Software-Defined Networks

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2018年第5期14卷 2066-2075页

作者： Nayak, Naresh Ganesh Duerr, Frank Rothermel, Kurt Univ Stuttgart Inst Parallel & Distributed Syst D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

Several networking architectures have been developed atop IEEE 802.3 networks to provide real-time communication guarantees for time-sensitive applications in industrial automation systems. The basic principle underlying these technologies is the precise transmission scheduling of time-triggered traffic through the network for providing deterministic and bounded latency and jitter. These transmission schedules are typically synthesized offline (computational time in the order of hours) and remain fixed thereafter, making it difficult to dynamically add or remove network applications. This paper presents algorithms for incrementally adding time-triggered flows in a time-sensitive software-defined network (TSSDN). The TSSDN is a network architecture based on software-defined networking, which provides real-time guarantees for time-triggered flows by scheduling their transmissions on the hosts (network edge) only. These algorithms exploit the global view of the control plane on the data plane to schedule and route time-triggered flows needed for the dynamic applications in the Industrial Internet of Things (Industry 4.0). The evaluations show that these algorithms can compute incremental schedules for time-triggered flows in subseconds with an average relative optimality of 68%.

关键词： Industrial networks integer linear programming software-defined networking

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Mechanism Design for Virtual Power Plant with Independent distributed Generators

Mechanism Design for Virtual Power Plant with Independent Di...

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IFAC workshop on Control of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy systems (CSGRES)

作者： Kulmukhanova, Alfiya Al-Awami, Ali T. El-Amin, Ibrahim M. Shamma, Jeff S. King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn CEMSE Div Thuwal Saudi Arabia King Fahd Univ Petr Minerals Elect Engn Dept Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the legacy grid is leading to lower wholesale electricity prices, higher balancing costs, and reliability issues. We study a virtual power plant (VPP) - an aggregation of DERs as a feasible and non-disruptive way of integrating these resources into electricity markets. We design the VPP with a combination of dispatchable and non-dispatchable generators which are privately owned and might have private information. The VPP acts as an intermediary between the generators and the day ahead wholesale market and balances the system locally in real time. Using mechanism design, we design heuristic transfers of the VPP to the generators to reduce the operating cost of the overall system. From the simulations, we conclude that the overall cost of the system and the behavior of the generators and the VPP with the designed transfers are similar to those of the centralized VPP case, where the VPP owns and manages the generators within its territory. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy Resources Management Electricity Markets Game Theory Multi-Agent systems Virtual Power Plants

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Investigation on a distributed SDN Control Plane Architecture for Heterogeneous time Sensitive Networks 14

Investigation on a Distributed SDN Control Plane Architectur...

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14th IEEE International workshop on Factory Communication systems (WFCS)

作者： Schriegel, Sebastian Kobzan, Thomas Jasperneite, Juergen Fraunhofer IOSB INA D-32657 Lemgo Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538610664

Data-driven services (optimization or condition monitoring) are often deployed using cloud architectures. The shop floor itself becomes more and more flexible and reconfigurable using modular machine design and Plug and Play services. These industrial use cases induce additional requirements to communication systems: scalable real-time communication from sensor to cloud as well as seamless and automatic network configuration on the shop floor. A promising data plane technology for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is IEEE 802.1 Ethernet TSN that allows convergent and time sensitive communication. The configuration of the IIoT is complex because the IIoT is often large, growing and changing over time and often consists of heterogeneous network domains because of the brownfield and manifold requirements from the applications. Software-defined Networking (SDN) has the potential to reduce the engineering effort and to increase the operation efficiency (monitoring, diagnosis, reconfiguration) of heterogeneous IIoT. SDN Control Planes can be implemented as physical-central, logic-central, distributed or hybrid architecture. The different architectures have specific advantages and disadvantages regarding QoS, throughput and engineering efforts. A key role takes the East-West interface that handles the communication between distributed SDN Controllers. SDN Data Plane agents can help to manage legacy Data Planes with SDN. A TSN Nano Profile with inverse and cooperative operating time Aware Shaper is a migration solution to upgrade legacy communication controllers with TSN functions. The disadvantages are less throughput and increased latency for acyclic traffic.

关键词： Protocols real-time systems Industries Quality of service Automation Standards Cloud computing

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Formal methods for distributed real-time systems

Formal methods for distributed real-time systems

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作者： Mahieddine Dellabani Universite Grenoble Alpes

学位级别：博士

Nowadays, real-time systems are ubiquitous in several application domains. Such an emergence led to an increasing need of performance (resources, availability, concurrency, etc.) and initiated a shift from the use of single processor based hardware platforms, to large sets of interconnected and distributed computing nodes. This trend introduced the birth of a new family of systems that are intrinsically distributed, namely Networked Embedded systems. Such an evolution stems from the growing complexity of real-time software embedded on such platforms (e. g. electronic control in avionics and automotive domains), and the need to integrate formerly isolated systems so that they can cooperate, as well as share resources improving thus functionalities and reducing costs. Undoubtedly, the design, implementation and verification of such systems are acknowledged to be very hard tasks since they are prone to different kinds of factors, such as communication delays, CPU(s) speed or even hardware imprecisions, which increases considerably the complexity of coordinating parallel activities. In this thesis, we propose a rigorous design flow intended for building distributed real-time applications. We investigate timed automata based models, with formally defined semantics, in order to study the behavior of a given system with some imposed timing constraints when deployed in a distributed environment. Particularly, we study (i) the impact of the communication delays by introducing a minimum latency between actions executions and the effective date at which actions executions have been decided, and (ii) the effect of hardware imperfections, more precisely clocks imprecisions, on systems execution by breaking the perfect clocks hypothesis, often adopted during the modeling phase. Nevertheless, timed automata formalism is intended to describe a high level abstraction of the behavior of a given application. Therefore, we use an intermediate representation of the initial application t

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Cyber-Power Testbed for distributed Monitoring and Control

Cyber-Power Testbed for Distributed Monitoring and Control

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workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy systems (MSCPES) Held as Part of CPS Week

作者： Krishnan, V. V. G. Gopal, S. Nie, Z. Srivastava, A. Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538641057

The power grid is becoming increasingly complex with multi-domain and multi-physics interaction given enhanced automation, increasing DERs, active distribution system and push for resiliency. The centralized control for such a complex system will be slow, non-scalable and prone to failures. The local controllers for such system will be non-optimal, hard coded and not fault-tolerant. The preferred control architecture for such system will be distributed architecture as it is relatively fast, scalable and robust. The distributed architecture supports the power grid monitoring and control for enhanced resiliency and reliability, but need to be tested and validated before field implementation. This paper presents a cyber-power testbed architecture to validate distributed applications in the power grid. distributed Remedial Action Scheme (DRAS) algorithm is validated using the testbed as an example distributed control testcase. DRAS has been implemented using a distributed computing platform called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Grid (RIAPS). Developed cyber-power testbed utilizes real time Digital Simulator, Phasor Measurement Units and CISCO FOG routers with RIAPS platform. The testbed is validated through online simulations of IEEE 14-bus test system with distributed control under various cyber failures for satisfactory response.

关键词： Cyber-Physical Test Bed distributed algorithms Decentralized Control Remedial Action State Estimation

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Introducing PulseAT: A Tool for Analyzing System Utilization in distributed systems

Introducing PulseAT: A Tool for Analyzing System Utilization...

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IEEE International Conference on parallel and distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT)

作者： Uwe Jahn Vladimir Poliakov Meghadoot Gardi Peter Schulz Carsten Wolff IDiAL Institute Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728126166

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126173

For the development and maintenance of distributed systems, it is useful to analyze the system condition and utilization for each hardware component. With pulseAT, a tool has been developed which collects that system utilization systematically with lightweight pulseAT Agents. The hierarchical structure of pulseAT allows having all system utilization data at one place on a pulseAT Manager to show an overall current health condition of the system. A cloud-based pulseAT Analyzer stores the data into a time-based database to support long-term analyses and to process analyzing algorithms, e.g., to forecast future health conditions. This paper describes the structure of pulseAT, main concepts, e.g., how the response time for each component is calculated. Some technical details of the implementation are shown. Finally, it describes how pulseAT has been tested on a mobile robot, the DAEbot.

关键词： Hardware real-time systems Monitoring Task analysis Tools Software Data visualization

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An Adaptive Computation Framework of distributed Deep Learning Models for Internet-of-Things Applications 24

An Adaptive Computation Framework of Distributed Deep Learni...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and real-time Computing systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： Cheng, Mu-Hsuan Sun, QiHui Tu, Chia-Heng Natl Cheng Kung Univ Tainan 70101 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677599

We propose the computation framework that facilitates the inference of the distributed deep learning model to be performed collaboratively by the devices in a distributed computing hierarchy. For example, in Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, the three-tier computing hierarchy consists of end devices, gateways, and server(s), and the model inference could be done adaptively by one or more computing tiers from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy. By allowing the trained models to run on the actually distributed systems, which has not done by the previous work, the proposed framework enables the co-design of the distributed deep learning models and systems. In particular, in addition to the model accuracy, which is the major concern for the model designers, we found that as various types of computing platforms are present in IoT applications fields, measuring the delivered performance of the developed models on the actual systems is also critical to making sure that the model inference does not cost too much time on the end devices. Furthermore, the measured performance of the model (and the system) would be a good input to the model/system design in the next design cycle, e.g., to determine a better mapping of the network layers onto the hierarchy tiers. On top of the framework, we have built the surveillance system for detecting objects as a case study. In our experiments, we evaluate the delivered performance of model designs on the two-tier computing hierarchy, and show the advantages of the adaptive inference computation. We believe that the enablement of the performance evaluation expedites the design process of the distributed deep learning models/systems.

关键词： distributed systems design distributed deep learning models design parallel computing Internet-of-Things applications embedded devices OpenCL accelerations MQTT

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Integrated Workload Allocation And Condition-Based Maintenance Threshold Optimisation

Integrated Workload Allocation And Condition-Based Maintenan...

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作者： Hao Li University of Cambridge

学位级别：博士

Effective asset management is considered key to reducing total costs of asset ownership while enhancing machine availability, guaranteeing security, and increasing productivity. Amongst all the activities involved in asset management, maintenance has been one of the major focus areas of academic research due to its potential in helping manufacturers to generate the most value from their assets. The emergence of condition-based maintenance (CBM) in which decisions are made based on the real-time condition of assets, has opened up new possibilities in developing more comprehensive approaches to improve the performance of production systems. For instance, a trend has been observed where attempts are made to couple CBM decisions with those on other production-related factors such as inventory control, spare parts management, and labour routing. The intrinsic link between the degradation behaviour of and the workload allocated to an asset, however, has not been sufficiently studied. Consequently, the potential benefits of intervening in machine degradation, either in the context of a single asset or a fleet of assets, are rarely explored. It is therefore essential that a systematic approach is at hand to improve system performance by exploiting the inter-relationship between production and maintenance. This thesis is dedicated to developing a dynamic integrated decision-making model to improve the system-level performance of a fleet of parallel assets. The aim of the model is to realise the potential benefits, mainly in the form of lower maintenance costs and reduced penalty costs incurred due to loss of production, by simultaneously optimising workload allocation and the CBM threshold. The decision-making model is implemented using an agent-based system involving two types of agents - 1) machine agents that reside within each individual machine; and 2) a coordinator agent that oversees the entire system. The integrated decision-making model is constituted of two compone

关键词： Workload-dependent degradation Condition-based maintenance Workload optimisation distributed decision-making Multi-agent systems

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Development of a Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for Microgrid distributed Control Applications 3

Development of a Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform fo...

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3rd IEEE International workshop on Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Du, Yuhua Tu, Hao Lukic, Srdjan Lubkeman, David Dubey, Abhishek Karsai, Gabor North Carolina State Univ FREEDM Syst Ctr Raleigh NC 27695 USA Vanderbilt Univ Inst Software Integrated Syst Nashiville TN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676653

Microgrids (MGs) are ideally suited for distributed control solutions. However, implementation and validation of the developed distributed control algorithms are quite challenging. In this paper we propose a Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIC) platform for MG distributed control applications that satisfy the requirements of IEEE Std. 2030.7 for MG control systems. We describe two main features of the proposed platform: 1) a software platform that enables the implementation of control algorithms that have been developed analytically and 2) a real-time MG lestbed that replicates practical MG operation environment by using real-time communication network and grid solutions. Implementation and validation of a distributed MG synchronization operation control strategy are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed CHIL platform.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop distributed control hardware-in-the-loop microgrid control system

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Informed Prefetching for distributed Multi-Level Storage systems

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING systems FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2018年第4期90卷 619-640页

作者： Al Assaf, Maen M. Jiang, Xunfei Qin, Xiao Abid, Mohamed Riduan Qiu, Meikang Zhang, Jifu Univ Jordan King Abdullah II Sch Informat Technol Amman Jordan Earlham Coll Dept Comp Sci Richmond IN 47374 USA Auburn Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Auburn AL 36849 USA Al Akhawayn Univ Dept Comp Sci Ifrane Morocco Pace Univ Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10038 USA Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Peoples R China

In this paper, we present an informed prefetching technique called IPODS that makes use of application-disclosed access patterns to prefetch hinted blocks in distributed multi-level storage systems. We develop a prefetching pipeline in IPODS, where an informed prefetching process is divided into a set of independent prefetching steps and separated among multiple storage levels in a distributed system. In the IPODS system, while data blocks are prefetched from hard disks to memory buffers in remote storage servers, data blocks buffered in the servers are prefetched through networks to the clients' local cache. We show that these two prefetching steps can be handled in a pipelining manner to improve I/O performance of distributed storage systems. Our IPODS technique differs from existing prefetching schemes in two ways. First, it reduces applications' I/O stalls by keeping hinted data in clients' local caches and storage servers' fast buffers (e.g., solid state disks). Second, in a prefetching pipeline, multiple informed prefetching mechanisms coordinate semi-dependently to fetch blocks (1) from low-level (slow) to high-level (fast) storage devices in servers and (2) from high-level devices in servers to the clients' local cache. The prefetching pipeline in IPODS judiciously hides network latency in distributed storage systems, thereby reducing the overall I/O access time in distributed systems. Using a wide range of real-world I/O traces, our experiments show that IPODS can noticeably improve I/O performance of distributed storage systems by 6%.

关键词： Informed prefetching Pipelining parallel storage systems distributed multi-level storage system

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