目的:观察芩夏清热祛风颗粒对感染后咳嗽(PIC)模型大鼠血清P物质(SP)、神经激肽A (NKA)、神经激肽B (NKB)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量及肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平的影响,探讨芩夏清热祛风颗粒改善PIC气道神经源性炎症的作用机制。方法:将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、对照组和低、中、高剂量组各10只。空白组不予造模,其余各组均采用烟熏结合脂多糖(LPS)溶液滴鼻及辣椒素雾化吸入制备感染后咳嗽大鼠模型。造模成功后,对照组按体质量4.78 ml/(kg∙d)给予复方甲氧那明溶液灌胃,低、中、高剂量组分别按体质量44.2 ml/(kg∙d)、93.6 ml/(kg∙d)、127.8 ml/(kg∙d)给予芩夏清热祛风颗粒溶液灌胃,空白组、模型组按体质量10 mL/(kg∙d) 0.9% NaCl灌胃给药,每天1次,连续14 d,空白组不做任何处理。观察6组大鼠末次给药后3min内咳嗽次数,HE染色观察6组大鼠肺组织病理形态学变化,ELISA法检测6组大鼠血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量,免疫组化法检测6组大鼠肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达。结果:与空白组比较,模型组末次给药后3min咳嗽次数明显增多(P 0.05);与对照组比较,中、高剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量和肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平无显著性差异(P > 0.05),低剂量组血清SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP含量和肺组织SP、NKA、NKB、CGRP蛋白表达水平较高(P Objective: To observe the effects of Qinxia Qingre Qufeng Granules on the levels of serum substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the expression levels of SP, NKA, NKB, and CGRP proteins in lung tissues in rats with post-infectious cough (PIC) model, and to explore the mechanism of action of Qinxia Qingre Qufeng Granules in improving airway neurogenic inflammation in PIC. Methods: Sixty SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, control group, and low, medium, and high dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. No model was established in the blank group, and the rat model of post-infectious cough was established in the other groups by smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution nasal drops and capsaicin atomization inhalation. After successful modeling, the control group was given compound methoxyphenamine solution by gavage at 4.78 ml/(kg·d) of body weight, the low, medium and high dose groups were given Qinxia Qingre Qufeng granule solution by gavage at 44.2 ml/(kg·d), 93.6 ml/(kg·d) and 127.8 ml/(kg·d) of body weight, respectively, the blank group and model group were given 0.9% NaCl by gavage at 10 mL/(kg·d) of body weight, once a day for 14 consecutive days, and the blank group did not re
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