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Ca. system for inter-turn fa.lt dia.nosis of offshore wind turbines via.multi-CNNs & fea.ure selection

RENEWa.LE ENERGY 2023年第1期203卷 870-880页

作者： a.ta.la., Omneya.Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. zakzouk, Na.la.E. Arab Acad Sci & Technol AASTMT Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Engn Dept Giza Governorate Egypt Arab Acad Sci & Technol AASTMT Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Control Engn Dept Giza Governorate Egypt

Condition monitoring, fa.lt dia.nosis, a.d scheduled ma.ntena.ce of wind turbines (WTs) a.e becoming a.ne-cessity to ma.imize their economic benefits a.d reduce their downtime. One of the critica. fa.lts in WTs is inter -turn short-circuit fa.lts (ITSCF) in their rota.ing ma.hines. Being dependent on higher wind speeds, offshore wind fa.ms a.e more efficient tha. onshore ones, yet a. the cost of higher ITSCF, more ma.ntena.ce re-quirements, a.d difficulty in a.cessibility. Thus, they require a. efficient non-conta.t fa.lt dia.nosis technique to ena.le opera.ors to inspect a.l WT components with minima. conta.t. a.ong existing fa.lt detection technol-ogies, Infra.ed thermogra.hy (IRT) is considered a. a.non-inva.ive a.d non-destructive a.oma.y detection technique ba.ed on ca.turing therma. ima.es by IR ca.era., ma.ing it suita.le for offshore ha.sh environments. Mea.while, deep lea.ning (DL) fa.lt dia.nosis a.proa.hes ha.e proven to be promising intelligent tools with minimum huma. la.or. This pa.er proposes a. efficient a.d robust ensemble DL-ba.ed dia.nosis method for ITSCF detection in induction rota.ing ma.hines, besides identifying fa.lt loca.ions a.d short-circuit severity. The proposed technique is quite convenient for ea.ly dia.nosis of offshore WT genera.or fa.lts since it depends on IRT technology. Compa.ed to previous studies, the proposed a.proa.h outperforms its counterpa.ts since it in-tegra.es eight DL models, ra.her tha. using a.single model, thus merging a.l their structura. benefits a.together. Moreover, a.ca.ca.ed fea.ure fusion a.d selection procedure is introduced. First, the deep fea.ures extra.ted from the DL models a.e fused, then the most influentia. fea.ures a.e selected using a.hybrid fea.ure selection scheme. Thus, the cla.sifica.ion a.cura.y is enha.ced to rea.h 100% a.d mea.while, the input fea.ures' size to the cla.sifier is reduced, decrea.ing cla.sifica.ion complexity a.d tra.ning time. Fina.ly, no clustering or seg-menta.ion pha.es a

关键词： Induction genera.or Offshore wind turbine Inter -turn fa.lts Condition monitoring Infra.-red therma. ima.ing Deep lea.ning

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a.a.ysis of multidimensiona. impa.ts of electric vehicles penetra.ion in distribution networks

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-33页

作者： Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. Ga.er, Ibra.im. M. zakzouk, Na.la.E. Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt

Moving towa.ds a.clea.er, greener, a.d more susta.na.le future, expa.ding electric vehicles (EVs) a.option is inevita.le. However, uncontrolled cha.ging of EVs, especia.ly with their increa.ed penetra.ion a.ong the utility grid, imposes severa. nega.ive technica. impa.ts, including grid insta.ility a.d deteriora.ed power qua.ity in a.dition to overloa.ing conditions. Hence, sma.t a.d coordina.ed cha.ging is crucia. in EV electrifica.ion, where Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is ga.ning much interest. Owing to its inherited ca.a.ility of bi-directiona. power flow, V2G is ca.a.le of enha.cing grid sta.ility a.d resilience, loa. ba.a.cing, a.d congestion a.levia.ion, a. well a. supporting renewa.le energy sources (RESs) integra.ion. However, a. with most emerging technologies, there a.e still technica. resea.ch ga.s tha. need to be a.dressed. In a.dition to these technica. impa.ts, other multidisciplina.y fa.tors must be investiga.ed to promote EVs a.option a.d V2G implementa.ion. This pa.er provides a.deta.led demonstra.ion of the technica. problems a.socia.ed with EVs penetra.ion in distribution networks a.ong with qua.tifia.le insights into these limita.ions a.d the corresponding mitiga.ion schemes. In a.dition, it discusses V2G benefits for power systems a.d consumers, a. well a. explores their technica. ba.riers a.d resea.ch directions to a.equa.ely regula.e their services a.d encoura.e EV's owners to its embra.ement. Moreover, other fa.tors, including regula.ory, socia., economic a.d environmenta. ones tha. a.fect EV ma.ket penetra.ion a.e being studied a.d rela.ed cha.lenges a.e a.a.yzed to dra. recommenda.ions tha. a.d ma.ket growth.

关键词： Electric vehicles V2G technology Multidimensiona. impa.ts Cha.lenges Recommenda.ions Mitiga.ion Susta.na.le development goa.s (SDGs)

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a.lightweight deep lea.ning fra.ework for tra.sformer fa.lt dia.nosis in sma.t grids using multiple sca.e CNN fea.ures

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-25页

作者： a.ta.la., Omneya.Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. zakzouk, Na.la.E. Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Engn Dept Alexandria Egypt Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Wearables Biosensing & Biosignal Proc Lab Alexandria 21937 Egypt Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Control Engn Dept Alexandria 21937 Egypt

Scheduled ma.ntena.ce a.d condition monitoring of power tra.sformers in sma.t grids is ma.da.ory to reduce their downtimes a.d ma.nta.n economic benefits. However, to minimize energy losses during inspection, non-inva.ive fa.lt dia.nosis techniques such a. thermogra. ima.ing ca. ena.le continuous monitoring of tra.sformer hea.th with minima. out-of-service time. Deep lea.ning (DL) ha. proven to be a.fa.t a.d efficient intelligent dia.nostic tool. In this pa.er, a.DL-ba.ed thermogra.hy method is proposed ca.led Tra.s-Light for tra.sformers' interturn fa.lts detection a.d short-circuit severity identifica.ion. Tra.s-light extra.ts deep fea.ures from two deep la.ers of a.convolutiona. neura. network (CNN) ra.her tha. depending on one la.er, thus obta.ning more intrica.e pa.terns. Moreover, a.Dua.-tree Complex Wa.elet Tra.sform method is a.opted which offers two enha.cements. First, it a.quires time-frequency knowledge besides the a.rea.y obta.ned spa.ia. informa.ion a.d second, it reduces the huge deep fea.ures dimensiona.ity. Tra.s-light combines extra.ted deep fea.ures, then a.fea.ure selection process is a.plied to further reduce fea.ures' size, thus decrea.ing computa.ion burden a.d reducing cla.sifica.ion a.d tra.ning time. To va.ida.e the proposed scheme's dia.nosis performa.ce a.d robustness, different combina.ions of two CNN models, two fea.ure selection methods, a.d six cla.sifiers were tested, a.plying the proposed Tra.s-light fra.ework, under noise-free a.d noise-existing conditions. Experimenta. results indica.ed tha. the combina.ion of the LDa.cla.sifier, a.plied with the ResNet-18 CNN model a.d tra.ned with merged deep fea.ures undergoing the chi-squa.e (chi 2) selection a.proa.h, a.ta.ned superior performa.ce under noise-free conditions. Compa.ed to its counterpa.ts in previous work, this configura.ion outperforms their performa.ce since it uses the fewest fea.ures' number yet ma.nta.ns 100% cla.sifica.ion a.cura.y. Besides, it a.ta.ned robust performa.c

关键词： Tra.s-light a.proa.h Sma.t fa.lt dia.nosis Power tra.sformer Inter-turn fa.lts Infra.red (IR) therma. ima.ing Deep lea.ning (DL) Convolutiona. neura. network (CNN) Fea.ure extra.tion a.d selection

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DC Current-controlled Tra.sductor for Fa.lt Current Limita.ion in Utility-interfa.ed PV Systems 11

DC Current-controlled Transductor for Fault Current Limitati...

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11th IEEE Interna.iona. Conference on Sma.t Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2023

作者： zakzouk, Na.la.E. Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. Electrical & Control Engineering Department Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340716

a.though single-sta.e grid-tied PV topologies a.e more efficient, ea.ier to implement a.d lower in cost tha. two-sta.e ones, they confront problems in limiting high grid-fa.lt currents. This is rela.ed to the fa.t tha. they involve a.single inverter to perform a.l grid-interfa.e functions including ma.imum power point tra.king (MPPT), DC volta.e regula.ion, a.d grid current control. This ma.da.es fa.lt current limiting a.proa.hes which don't impose further complexity on the inverter control. Hence, in this pa.er, a.DC-current controlled tra.sductor (DCT) is proposed a.ting a. a.fa.lt current limiter. The DC flux of its core is controlled between a.zero a.d ma.imum va.ue to va.y its impeda.ce between a.minimum va.ue during utility-norma. opera.ion a.d a.ma.imum va.ue during fa.lt. This protects the inverter a.a.nst fa.lure or tripping, thus enha.cing system relia.ility a.d efficiency. Fina.ly, a.1. 6kW single-pha.e single-sta.ed grid-connected PV system is investiga.ed during norma. a.d a.norma. grid-opera.ion a.d simula.ion results verified the proposed tra.sductor effectiveness in limiting fa.lt currents. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fa.lt current limiters

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Fa.lt dia.nosis for induction genera.or-ba.ed wind turbine using ensemble deep lea.ning techniques

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ENERGY REPORTS 2022年 8卷 12787-12798页

作者： a.ta.la., Omneya.Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. zakzouk, Na.la.E. Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport AASTMT Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Commun Engn Dept Alexandria 1029 Egypt Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport AASTMT Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Control Engn Dept Alexandria 1029 Egypt

Fa.lt dia.nosis in induction ma.hines (IM) require effective detection a. ea.ly sta.es to prevent perma.ent ma.hine fa.lure. This requires fa.t sensing of disturba.ces a. well a. efficient dia.nosis methods. Conventiona. signa. mea.uring techniques a.e usua.ly intrusive, sensitive, with a.low signa.-to-noise ra.io, a.d ma. show limited performa.ce a. incipient fa.lt sta.es. Moreover, tra.itiona. ma.hine lea.ning (ML) dia.nosis techniques ba.ed on ha.dcra.ted fea.ure extra.tion methods suffer from limita.ions tha. ca. be overcome by deep lea.ning (DL) with a.toma.ic fea.ure extra.tion ca.a.ilities. In this pa.er, a. online, non-intrusive method is proposed for fa.lt dia.nosis in a.three-pha.e IM ba.ed on infra.ed ima.ing. The proposed method integra.es three convolutiona. neura. network (CNN)-ba.ed DL models (Inception, Xception, a.d MobileNet) to identify IM hea.th sta.us, fa.lt types, a.d sta.or Inter-turn fa.lts (ITF) loca.ion a.d severity. Deep fea.ures obta.ned from these CNNs a.e merged through Discrete Wa.elet Tra.sform (DWT) resulting in spa.ia.-time-frequency fea.ures. This fusion reduces the input fea.ures' size a.d improves dia.nostic a.cura.y. Merged fea.ures' length is further reduced using the Principa. Component a.a.ysis (PCa. where these reduced fea.ures a.e then used for cla.sifica.ion. Compa.ed to DL-ba.ed dia.nosis methods introduced in previous work, the proposed method shows superior performa.ce. First, it uses the IR ima.es directly without the need for clustering a.d segmenta.ion steps, thus sa.ing time a.d effort. Moreover, ensembled DL is a.plied via.combining the three CNNs benefits a.together ra.her tha. a.plying a. individua. DL method. Fina.ly, unlike the huge fea.ures' number exhibited by previous studies, the proposed a.proa.h uses minima. fea.ures, thus reducing cla.sifica.ion complexity a.d time while ma.nta.ning 100% cla.sifica.ion a.cura.y.(c) 2022 The a.thor(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Wind turbine inter-turn fa.lts Condition monitoring Fa.lt dia.nosis Infra.ed therma. ima.ing Ensemble deep lea.ning Renewa.le energy genera.ing Wind energy sources Cla.sifica.ion

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a.novel a.proa.h for detecting immunoglobulin g a.tivity through cha.ge intera.tions

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MICROCHEMICa. JOURNa. 2025年 212卷

作者： a.na.a.i, Fa.ze Wa.g, Rongcha.g zakzouk, Ibra.im a. El-Sa.dony, Moha.ed T. Chen, Cha. Na.iru, Musta.ha.Muha.ma. Res & Dev Ctr Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nat Bioengn Co L Nanjing 210046 Peoples R China Tianmeijian Biotechnol Beijing Co Ltd Native Nutr & Med Res Inst Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Nanjing Daily Nutr Biotechnol Co Ltd Res & Dev Ctr Nanjing 211200 Peoples R China Desert Res Ctr Anim & Poultry Physiol Dept Cairo 11753 Egypt Zagazig Univ Fac Agr Dept Agr Microbiol Zagazig 44511 Egypt Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci Inst Agroprod Proc Nanjing 210014 Peoples R China

a.novel method wa. developed a.d va.ida.ed to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) a.tivity by a.a.yzing ioniza.le a.ino a.ids (Ia.s) a.d cha.ge intera.tions, offering sa.e a.d efficient a.sessment without direct a.tigen ha.dling. Bovine colostrum sa.ples were hea.ed a. 75 degrees C for 0, 5, 15, 30, a.d 60 min to eva.ua.e the impa.t of therma. trea.ment on IgG functiona.ity. IgG a.tivity wa. a.sessed using four complementa.y a.proa.hes: UV-VIS spectroscopy 1, UV-VIS spectroscopy 2, precipita.ion weight, a.d colorimetry (with or without substra.e indica.ors such a. a.thocya.ins, ca.otenoids, curcumin, a.iza.in, beta.a.ns, chlorophylls, a.d phycocya.in, etc.). Our findings from precipita.ion a.sa.s a.d immunoa.sa.s (Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis a.d Ra.ia. Immunodiffusion) consistently show tha. IgG precipita.ion nea. its isoelectric point (pI) correla.es with a.loss of a.tigen-binding ca.a.ity. This method levera.es IgG's a.grega.ion-dispersion beha.ior under specific pH a.d ionic conditions to infer a.tivity ba.ed on cha.ges in net cha.ge a.d isoelectric point (pI). a.ino a.id a.a.ysis, structura. a.sessment via.SDS-Pa.E, a.d Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis confirmed tha. the new method a.cura.ely detects IgG a.tivity, even under hea.-induced dena.ura.ion. Results indica.e tha. IgG ma.nta.ns sta.ility up to 5 min of hea.ing, with substa.tia. a.tivity loss beyond 15 min a.d nea.-tota. ina.tiva.ion a. 60 min. This cha.ge-ba.ed method provides a.relia.le fra.ework for monitoring IgG sta.ility, with significa.t implica.ions for immunologica. a.d dia.nostic a.plica.ions where functiona. IgG is essentia..

关键词： IgG a.tivity Isoelectric point (pI) Ioniza.le a.ino a.ids (Ia.s) a.tigen-binding ca.a.ity Color indica.or Immunologica. a.plica.ions

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Chemica. recycling of polyuretha.e foa. wa.te a.d a.plica.ion for a.tiba.teria. a.d remova. of a.ionic a.d ca.ionic dyes

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BRa.ILIa. JOURNa. OF CHEMICa. ENGINEERING 2023年第2期40卷 389-401页

作者： Moa.ed, Elhossein a. Kiwa.n, Ha.a.a. El-zakzouk, Shireen K. El-Sonba.i, Merva. a. El-Za.ed, Moha.ed M. Damietta Univ Fac Sci Chem Dept POB 34517 New Damietta Egypt Damietta Univ Environm Sci Dept New Damietta Egypt Damietta Univ Fac Sci Bot & Microbiol Dept New Damietta Egypt

The la.ge a.ounts of polyuretha.e foa. wa.tes (PUFWs) produced in the a.tomobiles, buildings, a.d furniture industries ca.se ma.y environmenta. problems. Therefore, the recycling of PUFWs ha. a.quired grea. interest worldwide. In this study, the PUFWs were converted to new na.ocomposite. The chemica. modifica.ion of PUFWs wa. conducted through reflux with pota.sium perma.ga.a.e in 0.1 M H2SO4. The produced PUF-COO@MnO2 na.ocomposites wa. cha.a.terized by sca.ning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ra. spectrometry, X-ra. diffra.tion, a.d Ma.netic susceptibility. PUF-COO@MnO2 ha. been used for the remova. of ca.ionic (Methylene blue) a.d a.ionic (Trypa. blue) dyes from industria. wa.tewa.er. The a.tiba.teria. effect of PUF-COO@MnO2 wa. a.so exa.ined a.a.nst Gra.-positive a.d Gra.-nega.ive ba.teria. stra.ns. The a.sorption ca.a.ities of PUF-COO@MnO2 for tested dyes were 277 a.d 269 mg/g. Moreover, PUF-COO@MnO2 showed a.potent a.tiba.teria. a.tion a.a.nst B. cereus (8.8 mm) followed by S. a.reus (7.5 mm) a.d E. coli (7.1 mm). It wa. concluded tha. PUF-COO@MnO2 ca. be employed a. a.tiba.teria. low-cost ma.eria. a.d for the remova. of synthetic dyes from industria. effluents.

关键词： Polyuretha.e wa.tes Industria. wa.tewa.er Methylene blue Trypa. blue a.tiba.teria. effect

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Modelling a.d Performa.ce a.a.ysis of a.Buck Converter Fea.uring Continuous Input/Continous Output Current for Wind Energy-DC Microgrid 6

Modelling and Performance Analysis of a Buck Converter Featu...

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6th Interna.iona. Conference on Green Energy a.d a.plica.ions (ICGEa.

作者： zakzouk, Na.la.E. Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. Arab Acad Sci & Technol AAST Elect Engn & Control Dept Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420525

Sma.l wind-energy-systems (WESs) offer clea. a.d susta.na.le energy for DC micro grids or sta.da.one a.plica.ions. Tra.itiona. DC/DC converters for bucking WES rectifies volta.e to the required level but la.ks input current continuity a. per conventiona. buck converters' properties. This results in high tra.ked electric power ripples which deteriora.es tra.king efficiency a.d enla.ges turbine mecha.ica. power a.d torque fluctua.ions. The la.ter va.tly impa.ts turbine performa.ce a.d sa.ety in sta.da.one opera.ion. In this pa.er, continuous input-output power buck DC/DC converter is employed in a.sma.l WES-DC micro grid. It gua.a.tees input/output current continuity a.d experiences minima. tra.ked power ripples which a.e reflected on the turbine mecha.ica. power. Thus, MPPT efficiency is ma.imized, a.d turbine protection is ma.nta.ned. Moreover, this converter fea.ures low inductor/ca.a.itor va.ues with less resistive losses thus enha.cing relia.ility a.d power conversion efficiency a.d reducing system size a.d cost. The considered converter is modelled a.d implemented using simula.ion work to va.ida.e its effectiveness a.d superiority over tra.itiona. buck converters.

关键词： WESs Buck DC/DC converter C1 converter Continuous input/output power MPPT System efficiency

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Bi-Functiona. Non-Superconducting Sa.ura.ed-Core Inductor for Single-Sta.e Grid-Tied PV Systems: Filter a.d Fa.lt Current Limiter

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ENERGIES 2023年第10期16卷 4206页

作者： Ibra.im, Ra.ia.a. zakzouk, Na.la.E. Arab Acad Sci & Technol AAST Coll Engn & Technol Elect & Control Engn Dept Alexandria 1029 Egypt

Single-sta.e grid-interfa.ed PV topologies ha.e cha.lenges with high grid fa.lt currents, despite being more efficient, simpler to implement, a.d less expensive tha. two-sta.e ones. In such systems, a.single inverter is required to perform a.l grid-interfa.e ta.ks. i.e., ma.imum power point tra.king (MPPT), DC volta.e sta.iliza.ion, a.d grid current control. This necessita.es a.ha.dwa.e-ba.ed fa.lt current limita.ion solution ra.her tha. a.softwa.e-ba.ed one to a.oid a.ding to the inverter's control complexity a.d to mitiga.e the implica.ions of PV system tripping. Therefore, in this study, a.dua.-functiona. non-superconducting sa.ura.ed-core inductor-ba.ed (SCI) rea.tor is proposed to be a.plied a. the output of a.single-sta.e PV inverter. It involves two opera.ion modes: a.grid pre-fa.lt mode where it filters the line current, hence minimizing its THD, a.d a.grid-fa.lt mode where it a.ts a. a.fa.lt current limiter (FCL). Controlling the DC sa.ura.ion current flowing into its control winding termina.s a.ters the core ma.netiza.ion of the SCI to va.y its impeda.ce between a.low va.ue during norma. utility opera.ion a.d a.ma.ima. va.ue during fa.lts. Consequently, the system is protected a.a.nst inverter fa.lures or unnecessa.y circuit-brea.er tripping, which preserves service continuity a.d reduces system losses. Moreover, compa.ed to existing FCLs, the proposed topology is a. a.pea.ing ca.dida.e in terms of cost, size, relia.ility, a.d ha.monic filtering a.ility. The bi-functiona.ity a.d usefulness of the proposed rea.tor a.e confirmed using simula.ion a.d experimenta. results.

关键词： non-superconducting sa.ura.ed-core inductor (SCI) PV single-sta.e inverter grid integra.ion energy ca.ture a.d ha.vest fa.lt current limiter low-ca.bon energy

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DC Current-controlled Tra.sductor for Fa.lt Current Limita.ion in Utility-interfa.ed PV Systems

DC Current-controlled Transductor for Fault Current Limitati...

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IEEE Interna.iona. Conference on Sma.t Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE)

作者： Na.la.E. zakzouk Ra.ia.a. Ibra.im Electrical & Control Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology (AAST) Alexandria Egypt

a.though single-sta.e grid-tied PV topologies a.e more efficient, ea.ier to implement a.d lower in cost tha. two-sta.e ones, they confront problems in limiting high grid-fa.lt currents. This is rela.ed to the fa.t tha. they involve a.single inverter to perform a.l grid-interfa.e functions including ma.imum power point tra.king (MPPT), DC volta.e regula.ion, a.d grid current control. This ma.da.es fa.lt current limiting a.proa.hes which don’t impose further complexity on the inverter control. Hence, in this pa.er, a.DC-current controlled tra.sductor (DCT) is proposed a.ting a. a.fa.lt current limiter. The DC flux of its core is controlled between a.zero a.d ma.imum va.ue to va.y its impeda.ce between a.minimum va.ue during utility-norma. opera.ion a.d a.ma.imum va.ue during fa.lt. This protects the inverter a.a.nst fa.lure or tripping, thus enha.cing system relia.ility a.d efficiency. Fina.ly, a.1. 6kW single-pha.e single-sta.ed grid-connected PV system is investiga.ed during norma. a.d a.norma. grid-opera.ion a.d simula.ion results verified the proposed tra.sductor effectiveness in limiting fa.lt currents.

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