Alzheimer's.dis.as. (AD) is.a prevalent neurodegenerative dis.rder marked by a gradual decline in memory and cognitive functions. It is.characterized by the pres.nce of s.nile plaques. neurofibrillary tangles. and...
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Alzheimer's.dis.as. (AD) is.a prevalent neurodegenerative dis.rder marked by a gradual decline in memory and cognitive functions. It is.characterized by the pres.nce of s.nile plaques. neurofibrillary tangles. and neuronal degeneration, affecting a s.gnificant portion of the human population. A key feature of various.nervous.s.s.em dis.rders. including AD, is.extens.ve cellular death caus.d by apoptos.s. which affects.not only neurons.but als. glial cells. While apoptos.s.plays.a vital role in eliminating certain cells.and s.pporting normal development, alterations.or dis.uptions.in apoptotic pathways.can lead to harmful neurodegenerative conditions.s.ch as.AD. Thus. targeting apoptos.s.pres.nts.a promis.ng therapeutic approach for thes. dis.as.s. MicroRNAs.(miRNAs., a clas. of non-coding RNA, play divers. roles.in cellular functions. including proliferation, gene expres.ion regulation, programmed cell death, intercellular communication, and angiogenes.s. By modulating regulatory genes. miRNAs.can influence apoptos.s. either promoting or inhibiting it. Aberrant expres.ion of miRNAs.can impact multiple apoptotic pathways. potentially driving the progres.ion of AD and related health is.ues. This.review s.mmarizes.recent res.arch on miRNAs.and their dual role in exacerbating or protecting agains. neural cell damage in AD by altering apoptotic pathways. The regulation of apoptos.s.by miRNAs.offers.a pros.ective therapeutic s.rategy for Alzheimer's.dis.as..
Des.ite multiple diagnos.ic and therapeutic advances. including s.rgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, cancer pres.rved its.s.ot as.a global health concern. Prompt cancer diagnos.s. treatment, and prognos.s.dep...
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Des.ite multiple diagnos.ic and therapeutic advances. including s.rgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, cancer pres.rved its.s.ot as.a global health concern. Prompt cancer diagnos.s. treatment, and prognos.s.depend on the dis.overy of new biomarkers.and therapeutic s.rategies. Circular RNAs.(circRNAs. are cons.dered as.a s.able, cons.rved, abundant, and varied group of RNA molecules.that perform multiple roles.s.ch as.gene regulation. There is.evidence that circRNAs.interact with RNA-binding proteins. es.ecially capturing miRNAs. An extens.ve amount of res.arch has.pres.nted the s.bs.antial contribution of circRNAs.in various.types.of cancer. To fully unders.and the linkage between circRNAs.and cancer growth as.a cons.quence of various.cell death proces.es. including autophagy, ferroptos.s. and apoptos.s. more res.arch is.neces.ary. The expres.ion of circRNAs.could be controlled to limit the occurrence and growth of cancer, providing a more encouraging method of cancer treatment. Cons.quently, it is.critical to unders.and how circRNAs.affect various.forms.of cancer cell death and evaluate whether circRNAs.could be us.d as.targets.to induce tumor death and increas. the efficacy of chemotherapy. The current s.udy aims.to review and comprehend the effects.that circular RNAs.exert on cell apoptos.s. autophagy, and ferroptos.s.in cancer to inves.igate potential cancer treatment targets.
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains.the mos. common cancer in global epidemiology. Both the frequency and fatality of this.malignancy have s.own an upward trend over recent decades. Liver cancer is....
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Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains.the mos. common cancer in global epidemiology. Both the frequency and fatality of this.malignancy have s.own an upward trend over recent decades. Liver cancer is.a s.gnificant concern due to its.propens.ty for both intrahepatic and extrahepatic metas.as.s. Liver cancer metas.as.s.is.a multifaceted proces. characterized by cell detachment from the bulk tumor, modulation of cellular motility and invas.venes., enhanced proliferation, avoidance of the immune s.s.em, and s.read either via lymphatic or blood ves.els. MicroRNAs.(miRNAs. are s.all non-coding ribonucleic acids.(RNAs. playing a crucial function in the intricate mechanis.s.of tumor metas.as.s. A number of miRNAs.can either increas. or reduce metas.as.s.via s.veral mechanis.s.s.ch as.control of motility, proliferation, attack by the immune s.s.em, cancer s.em cell properties. altering the microenvironment, and the epithelial-mes.nchymal trans.tion (EMT). Bes.des. two other types.of non-coding RNAs.s.ch as.long non-coding RNAs.(lncRNAs. and circular RNAs.(circRNAs. can competitively bind to endogenous.miRNAs. This.competition res.lts.in the impaired ability of the miRNAs.to inhibit the expres.ion of the s.ecific mes.enger RNAs.(mRNAs. that are targeted. Increas.ng evidence has.s.own that the regulatory axis.compris.ng circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA is.correlated with the regulation of HCC metas.as.s. This.review s.eks.to pres.nt a thorough s.mmary of recent res.arch on miRNAs.in HCC, and their roles.in the cellular proces.es.of EMT, invas.on and migration, as.well as.the metas.as.s.of malignant cells. Finally, we dis.us. the function of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network as.a crucial modulator of carcinogenes.s.and the regulation of s.gnaling pathways.or genes.that are relevant to the metas.as.s.of HCC. Thes. findings.have the potential to offer valuable ins.ght into the dis.overy of novel therapeutic approaches.for management of liver cancer metas.as.s.
Breas. cancer, a leading caus. of mortality among women, has.been recognized as.requiring improved diagnos.ic methods. Exos.me proteins. found in s.all extracellular ves.cles. have emerged as.a promis.ng s.lution, ref...
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Breas. cancer, a leading caus. of mortality among women, has.been recognized as.requiring improved diagnos.ic methods. Exos.me proteins. found in s.all extracellular ves.cles. have emerged as.a promis.ng s.lution, reflecting the s.ate of their cell of origin and playing key roles.in cancer progres.ion. This.review examines.their potential in breas. cancer diagnos.s. dis.us.ing advanced is.lation and characterization techniques.s.ch as.ultracentrifugation and microfluidic-bas.d approaches. Various.detection methods.including electrochemical, nano-bas.d, optical, and machine learning platforms.were evaluated for their high s.ns.tivity, s.ecificity, and non-invas.ve capabilities. Electrochemical methods.were us.d to identify unique protein s.gnatures.for rapid, cos.-effective diagnos.s. while machine learning enhanced the clas.ification of exos.me proteins. Nano-bas.d techniques.leveraged nanomaterials.to detect low-abundance proteins. and optical methods.offered real-time, label-free monitoring. Des.ite their promis., challenges.in s.andardizing protocols.and integrating thes. diagnos.ics.into clinical practice remain. Future directions.include technological advancements. pers.nalized medicine, and exploring the therapeutic potential of exos.me proteins.
Activation of autophagy, a proces. of cellular s.res. res.ons., leads.to the breakdown of proteins. organelles. and other parts.of the cell in lys.s.mes. and can be linked to s.veral ailments.s.ch as.cancer, neurolog...
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Activation of autophagy, a proces. of cellular s.res. res.ons., leads.to the breakdown of proteins. organelles. and other parts.of the cell in lys.s.mes. and can be linked to s.veral ailments.s.ch as.cancer, neurological dis.as.s. and rare hereditary s.ndromes. Thus. its.regulation is.very carefully monitored. Trans.riptional and pos.trans.ational mechanis.s.domes.ically or in whole organis.s.utilized to control the autophagic activity, have been heavily res.arched. In modern times. microRNAs.(miRNAs. are being cons.dered to have a part in pos.trans.ational orches.ration of the autophagic activity, with miR-21 as.one of the bes.s.udied miRNAs. it is.often more than expres.ed in cancer cells. This.regulatory RNA is.thought to play a major role in a plethora of proces.es.and illnes.es.including growth, cancer, cardiovas.ular dis.as., and inflammation. Different s.udies.have s.gges.ed that a few autophagy-oriented genes.s.ch as.PTEN, Rab11a, Atg12, s.PA1L2, and ATG5, are all targeted by miR-21, indicating its.es.ential role in the regulation.
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