Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glasser's disease and is a major source of economic losses in the swine industry each year. To enhance the production of an inactivated vaccine against H. parasuis, t...
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Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glasser's disease and is a major source of economic losses in the swine industry each year. To enhance the production of an inactivated vaccine against H. parasuis, the availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) must be carefully controlled to ensure a sufficiently high cell density of H. parasuis. In the present study, the real-time viable cell density of H. parasuis was calculated based on the capacitance of the culture. By assessing the relationship between capacitance and viable cell density/NAD concentration, the NAD supply rate could be adjusted in real time to maintain the NAD concentration at a set value based on the linear relationship between capacitance and NAD consumption. The linear relationship between cell density and addition of NAD indicated that 7.138 x 10(9) NAD molecules were required to satisfy per cell growth. Five types of NAD supply strategy were used to maintain different NAD concentration for H. parasuis cultivation, and the results revealed that the highest viable cell density (8.57, OD600) and cell count (1.57 x 10(10) CFU/mL) were obtained with strategy III (NAD concentration maintained at 30 mg/L), which were 1.46- and 1.45- times more, respectively, than cultures with using NAD supply strategy I (NAD concentration maintained at 10 mg/L). An extremely high cell density of H. parasuis was achieved using this NAD supply strategy, and the results demonstrated a convenient and reliable method for determining the real-time viable cell density relative to NAD concentration. Moreover, this method provides a theoretical foundation and an efficient approach for high cell density cultivation of other auxotroph bacteria.
Information Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET).By using content name as the addressing key instead of IP address to obtain data from adjacen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538645093
Information Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET).By using content name as the addressing key instead of IP address to obtain data from adjacent vehicles, ICN works better than traditional IP networks under high topology dynamics and intermittent connectivity. In this work, we for the first time propose Neighbor Cache Explore Routing based on Trajectory Prediction (PNCE), a content driven routing protocol which gives priority to inquiring the content in neighbors' cache. In PNCE, vehicles periodically notify neighbors of their local cache information and maintain a local table containing neighbors' cached contents, which contributes to select the nearest vehicle from the requester for forwarding *** results show that PNCE can significantly improve network performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, delay and Cache hit ratio, and maintain good scalability and strong robustness.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus driving the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to rapidly evolve. Because of the limited efficacy of vaccination in ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus driving the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to rapidly evolve. Because of the limited efficacy of vaccination in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), orally bioavailable and broadly efficacious antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Previously, we showed that the parent nucleoside of remdesivir, GS-441524, has potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Here, we report that esterification of the 5'-hydroxyl moieties of GS- 441524 markedly improved antiviral potency. This 5'-hydroxyl-isobutyryl prodrug, ATV006, demonstrated excellent oral bioavailability in rats and cynomolgus monkeys and exhibited potent antiviral efficacy against different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in vitro and in three mouse models. Oral administration of ATV006 reduced viral loads and alleviated lung damage when administered prophylactically and therapeutically to K18-hACE2 mice challenged with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. These data indicate that ATV006 represents a promising oral antiviral drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a factor of risk for psychosis and is associated with alterations in facial emotion *** symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are associated with deficits in facial emotion proces...
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Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a factor of risk for psychosis and is associated with alterations in facial emotion *** symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are associated with deficits in facial emotion processing, but research findings on schizotypy are mixed. This study examined the early stage of facial emotion processing in young adults with high levels of negative schizotypy (NS) and explored the impact of childhood maltreatment. On the basis of the Social and Physical Anhedonia subscales of the Chapman Psychosis-Proneness Scales, a total of 74 high-NS and 52 low-NS individuals were recruited to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the dot-probe task. The P100 and N170 components of event-related potentials were measured to assess the processing of four facial expressions of emotion. The high-NS group showed significantly reduced P100 amplitudes for all facial expressions. Angry and fearful expressions elicited larger N170 amplitudes than disgusted and happy expressions. Happy expressions elicited shorter N170 latencies than disgusted expressions. Compared to the high-NS group without CM, the high-NS group with CM had a longer latency of P100. Individuals with high NS, compared to individuals with low NS, have impaired fundamental visual processing, but intact processing of facial figurations. Childhood maltreatment may be a factor responsible for the pathological state of the visual pathway in high NS group.
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