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National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990-2021, and forecasts up to 2050

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LANCET 2024年第10469期404卷 2278-2298页

作者： Ng, Marie Dai, Xiaochen Cogen, Rebecca M. Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdollahi, Arash Abdullahi, Auwal Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abukhadijah, Hana J. Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Noah Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Akrami, Ashley E. Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Ta'ani, Omar Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Alqahatni, Saleh A. Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Al-Wardat, Mohammad Aly, Hany Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anil, Abhishek Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Ardekani, Ali Areda, Demelash Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Atreya, Alok Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzopardi, Peter S. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Baig, Atif Amin Bako, Abdulaziz T. Bansal, Kannu Barnighausen, Till Winfried Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Bemanalizadeh, Maryam Beran, Azizullah Beyene, Habtamu B. Bhaskar, Sonu Bilgin, Cem Bleyer, Archie Borhany, Hamed Boyko, Edward J. Braithwaite, Dejana Bryazka, Dana Bugiardini, Raffaele Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A. Barsbay, Mehtap Cakmak Campos-Nonato, Ismael Cembranel, Francieli Cerin, Ester Chacon-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, An-Tian Chen, Guangjin Chi, Gerald Ching, Patrick R. Cho, So Mi Jemma Choi, Dong-Woo Chong, Bryan Chung, Sheng-Chia Cindi, Zinhle Cini, Karly I. Columbus, Alyssa Couto, Rosa A. S. Criqui, Michael H. Cruz-Martins, Natalia Da'ar, Omar B. dadras, omid Dai, Zhaoli Darcho, Samuel Demissie Dash, Nihar Ranjan Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diaz, Daniel Diaz, Michael J. Thanh Chi Do Dolatshahi, Mahsa D'Oria, Mario Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai Dowou, Robert Kokou Dube, John Dumuid, Dorothea Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian E'mar, Abdel Rahman El Arab, Rabie Adel El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat Elhadi, Muhammed Eltaha, Chadi Falzone, Luca Farrokhpour, Hossein Fazeli, Patrick Feigin, Valery L. Fekadu, Ginenus Ferreira, Nuno Fischer, Florian Francis, Kate Louise Gadanya, Mukta Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background Over the past several decades, the overweight and obesity epidemic in the USA has resulted in a significant health and economic burden. Understanding current trends and future trajectories at both national and state levels is crucial for assessing the success of existing interventions and informing future health policy changes. We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2050 for children and adolescents (aged 5-24 years) and adults (aged >= 25 years) at the national level. Additionally, we derived state-specific estimates and projections for older adolescents (aged 15-24 years) and adults for all 50 states and Washington, DC. Methods In this analysis, self-reported and measured anthropometric data were extracted from 134 unique sources, which included all major national surveillance survey data. Adjustments were made to correct for self-reporting bias. For individuals older than 18 years, overweight was defined as having a BMI of 25 kg/m(2) to less than 30 kg/m(2) and obesity was defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher, and for individuals younger than 18 years definitions were based on International Obesity Task Force criteria. Historical trends of overweight and obesity prevalence from 1990 to 2021 were estimated using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. A generalised ensemble modelling approach was then used to derive projected estimates up to 2050, assuming continuation of past trends and patterns. All estimates were calculated by age and sex at the national level, with estimates for older adolescents (aged 15-24 years) and adults aged (>= 25 years) also calculated for 50 states and Washington, DC. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were derived from the 2 center dot 5th and 97 center dot 5th percentiles of the posterior distributions of the respective estimates. Findings In 2021, an estimated 15 center dot 1 million (95% UI 13 center dot 5-16 center dot 8) children and young adolescents (age

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Electrocardiographic changes after high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy in pemphigus patients

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JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT 2018年第8期29卷 802-805页

作者： Pishgahi, Mehdi Dadkhahfar, Sahar Robati, Reza M. Kheradmand, Zohreh Shahidi-dadras, Mohammad Zargari, omid Elpern, David J. Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Shohada E Tajrish Hosp Dept Cardiol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Skin Res Ctr Tehran Iran Dana Clin Rasht Iran Skin Clin Williamstown MA USA

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy on myocardial repolarization alterations, especially QT dispersion in anticipation of cardiovascular risks in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Methods: The current study is a prospective-controlled study on the electrocardiographic changes after methylprednisolone pulse therapy in 50 patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Results: A total of 50 patients (28 female and 22 male) were included in our study. The mean heart rate was significantly higher in male patients both before (92 +/- 10.80 versus 82.75 +/- 12.01 ms) and after pulse therapy (102.73 +/- 14.26 versus 91.07 +/- 15.02 ms) (p value < .01). The value of heart rate was significantly greater after receiving steroid pulse therapy. Corrected QT dispersion before pulse therapy was 19.92 +/- 8.2 ms that increased to 40.68 +/- 18.12 ms after treatment (p value < .001). Conclusion: Our study shows that there is a relationship between pulse steroid infusion and increased predisposition to the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. QT dispersion could be a good marker to assess this risk in these patients.

关键词： Arrhythmia pemphigus pulse therapy QT dispersion

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Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2025年第1期25卷 36-51页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe H. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Doxey, Matthew C. Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Bender, Rose Grace Vongpradith, Avina Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Burkart, Katrin Carter, Austin Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Estiningtyas, Qorinah Adnani, Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Alalalmeh, Samer O. Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Almazan, Joseph Uy Alqahtani, Jaber S. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Altartoor, Khaled Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H. Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Aujayeb, Avinash Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badar, Muhammad Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Bajcetic, Milica Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bardhan, Mainak Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Behnoush, Amir Hossein Beiranvand, Maryam Belete, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Beloukas, Apostolos Beran, Azizullah Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhargava, Ashish Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bitra, Veera R. Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Bogale, Eyob Ketema Boppana, Sri Harsha Borhany, Hamed Bouaoud, Souad Brown, Colin Stewart Buonsenso, Danilo Bustanji, Yasser Camera, Luis Alberto Casta Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Pediat Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Epidemiol Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Appl Math Seattle WA USA Seattle Indian Hlth Board Urban Indian Hlth Inst Seattle WA USA Yale Univ Sch Med New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Dermatol New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dept Genet New Haven CT USA Mem Univ Dept Med St John NF Canada Univ Setif Algeria Dept Med Setif Algeria Dept Hlth Setif Algeria Debre Berhan Univ Pediat Nursing Dept Debre Berhan Ethiopia Debre Berhan Univ Sch Nursing & Midwifery Debre Berhan Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ Dept Biostat Bale Robe Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ Dept Pharm Bale Robe Ethiopia Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Family & Community Hlth Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Inst Hlth Res Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Populat & Behav Sci Ho Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Microbiol & Immunol Ho Ghana Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Sci Res Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS IRCHA Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Obstet & Gynecol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Emergencies & Disasters Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pediat Cardiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Tehran Heart Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Adv Technol Cardiovasc Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr

Background Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to explore the fatal and non-fatal burden of the two diseases across all age groups, including a granular analysis of children younger than 5 years, in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods Mortality due to URIs and otitis media was estimated with use of vital registration and sample-based vital registration data, which are used as inputs to the Cause of Death Ensemble model to separately model URIs and otitis media mortality by age and sex. Morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian meta-regression tool using data from published studies identified via systematic reviews, population-based survey data, and cause-specific URI and otitis media mortality estimates. Additionally, we assessed and compared the burden of otitis media as it relates to URIs and examined the collective burden and contributing risk factors of both diseases. Findings The global number of new episodes of URIs was 12 center dot 8 billion (95% uncertainty interval 11 center dot 4 to 14 center dot 5) for all ages across males and females in 2021. The global all-age incidence rate of URIs decreased by 10 center dot 1% (-12 center dot 0 to -8 center dot 1) from 1990 to 2019. From 2019 to 2021, the global all-age incidence rate fell by 0 center dot 5% (-0 center dot 8 to -0 center dot 1). Globally, the incidence rate of URIs was 162 484 center dot 8 per 100 000 population (144 834 center dot 0 to 183 289 center dot 4) in 2021, a decrease of 10 center dot 5% (-12 center dot 4 to -8 center dot 4) from 1990, when the incidence rate was 181 552 center dot 5 per 100 000 population (160 827 center dot

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Global, regional, and national burden of suicide, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2025年第3期10卷 E189-E202页

作者： Weaver, Nicole Davis Bertolacci, Gregory J. Rosenblad, Emily Ghoba, Sama Cunningham, Matthew Ikuta, Kevin S. Moberg, Madeline E. Mougin, Vincent Han, Chieh Wool, Eve E. Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Al Hamad, Hanadi Al-Ajlouni, Yazan Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alomari, Mahmoud A. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Amindarolzarbi, Alireza Amiri, Sohrab Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Saeid Arabloo, Jalal Areda, Demelash Artamonov, Anton A. Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bahramian, Saeed Banach, Maciej Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Bashiru, Hameed Akande Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Batra, Kavita Batra, Ravi Bayati, Mohsen Benjet, Corina Benzian, Habib Bertuccio, Paola Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini Bills, Corey B. Boppana, Sri Harsha Borges, Guilherme Borhany, Hamed Bustanji, Yasser Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Castelpietra, Giulio Caye, Arthur Cenderadewi, Muthia Chandika, Rama Mohan Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K. Charalampous, Periklis Chen, Yifan Chimoriya, Ritesh Chopra, Hitesh Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chutiyami, Muhammad Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa dadras, omid Dai, Xiaochen Dalal, Koustuv Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Darcho, Samuel Demissie Soltani, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro Debopadhaya, Shayom Degenhardt, Louisa Delgado-Enciso, Ivan Dervisevic, Emina Diaz, Michael J. Dongarwar, Deepa Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dumith, Samuel C. Duraisamy, Senbagam Eboreime, Ejemai Efendi, Ferry Ekholuenetale, Mic Univ Washington Sch Med Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background Deaths from suicide are a tragic yet preventable cause of mortality. Quantifying the burden of suicide to understand its geographical distribution, temporal trends, and variation by age and sex is an essential step in suicide prevention. We aimed to present a comprehensive set of global, regional, and national estimates of suicide burden. Methods We produced estimates of the number of deaths and age-standardised mortality rates of suicide globally, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, and disaggregated these results by age and sex. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 estimates of deaths attributable to suicide were broken down into two comprehensive categories: those by firearms and those by other specified means. For this analysis, we also produced estimates of mean age at the time of death from suicide, incidence of suicide attempts compared with deaths, and age-standardised rates of suicide by firearm. We acquired data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, and mortality surveillance that included 23 782 study-location-years of data from GBD 2021. Point estimates were calculated from the average of 1000 randomly selected possible values of deaths from suicide by age, sex, and geographical location. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were derived from the 2 center dot 5th and 97 center dot 5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution. Findings Globally, 746 000 deaths (95% UI 692 000-800 000) from suicide occurred in 2021, including 519 000 deaths (485 000-556 000) among males and 227 000 (200 000-255 000) among females. The age-standardised mortality rate has declined over time, from 14 center dot 9 deaths (12 center dot 8-15 center dot 7) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 9 center dot 0 (8 center dot 3-9 center dot 6) per 100 000 in 2021. Regionally, mortality rates due to suicide were highest in eastern Europe (19 center dot 2 [17 center dot 5-20 center dot 8] per 100 000), southe

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Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by Uncorrected Refractive Error: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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EYE 2024年第11期38卷 2083-2101页

作者： Little, Julie-Anne Congdon, Nathan G. Resnikoff, Serge Braithwaite, Tasanee Leasher, Janet Naidoo, Kovin Fricke, Tim Tapply, Ian Fernandes, Arthur G. Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria Arrigo, Alessandro Leveziel, Nicolas Taylor, Hugh R. Sedighi, Tabassom Flaxman, Seth Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia Bikbov, Mukkharram M. Bron, Alain Cheng, Ching-Yu Del Monte, Monte A. Ehrlich, Joshua R. Ellwein, Leon B. Friedman, David Furtado, Joao M. Gazzard, Gus George, Ronnie Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Jonas, Jost B. Kahloun, Rim Kempen, John H. Khairallah, Moncef Khanna, Rohit C. Kim, Judy E. Lansingh, Van Charles Nangia, Vinay Nowak, Michal Pesudovs, Konrad Peto, Tunde Ramulu, Pradeep Topouzis, Fotis Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Bourne, Rupert R. A. Little, Julie-Anne Congdon, Nathan G. Resnikoff, Serge Braithwaite, Tasanee Leasher, Janet L. Naidoo, Kovin S. Tahhan, Nina Fricke, Timothy Tapply, Ian Fernandes, Arthur G. Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria Arrigo, Alessandro Leveziel, Nicolas Briant, Paul Svitil Vos, Theo Taylor, Hugh R. Sedighi, Tabassom Flaxman, Seth Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Dolatabadi, Zahra Abbasi Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdollahi, Mohammad Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abrha, Woldu Aberhe Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adal, Tadele Girum Girum Adamu, Lawan Hassan Adderley, Nicola J. Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekiya, Tayo Alex Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadzadeh, Hooman Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Alahdab, Fares Albashtawy, Mohammed AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alemu, Tsegaye Alfaar, Ahmad Samir Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Abid Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Almidani, Louay Alzoubi, Karem H. Androudi, Sofia Anguita, Rodrigo Anil, Abhishek Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Damelash Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atinafu, Ulster Univ Biomed Sci Res Inst Coleraine BT52 1SA Londonderry North Ireland Queens Univ Belfast Belfast Antrim North Ireland Orbis Int New York NY USA Sun Yat Sen Univ Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr Guangzhou Peoples R China Brien Holden Vis Inst Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Fac Med Sydney NSW Australia Kings Coll London Sch Life Course & Populat Sci London England Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust Med Eye Unit London England Nova Southeastern Univ Coll Optometry Ft Lauderdale FL USA Univ KwaZulu Natal UKZN African Vis Res Inst Durban South Africa Univ New South Wales Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Sydney NSW Australia Australian Coll Optometry Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Cambridge Univ Hosp Dept Ophthalmol Cambridge England Fed Univ Sao Paolo Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Calgary Calgary AB Canada Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Sch Med Milan Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst Dept Ophthalmol Milan Italy Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Sci Inst Hosp San Raffaele Milan Italy Univ Poitiers Poitiers France CHU Poitiers Poitiers France Univ Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth Carlton Vic Australia Anglia Ruskin Univ Vis & Eye Res Inst Cambridge England Univ Oxford Dept Comp Sci Oxford England Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Dept Ophthalmol Milan Italy Ufa Eye Res Inst Ufa Russia Univ Hosp Dijon France Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Singapore Eye Res Inst Singapore Singapore Univ Michigan Singapore Singapore Kellogg Eye Ctr Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA Univ Michigan Inst Social Res Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA NEI Bethesda MD 20892 USA Harvard Med Sch Mass Eye & Ear Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Med Sch Sao Paulo Brazil UCL Inst Ophthalmol Bethesda MD USA NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Bethesda MD USA Sankara Nethralaya Med Res Fdn Chennai 600006 Tamil Nadu I

BACKGROUND: Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a readily treatable cause of visual impairment (VI). This study provides updated estimates of global and regional vision loss due to URE, presenting temporal change for VISION 2020 METHODS: Data from population-based eye disease surveys from 1980-2018 were collected. Hierarchical models estimated prevalence (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]) of blindness (presenting visual acuity (VA) < 3/60) and moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI;3/60 <= presenting VA < 6/18) caused by URE, stratified by age, sex, region, and year. Near VI prevalence from uncorrected presbyopia was defined as presenting near VA < N6/N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance (VA >= 6/12). RESULTS: In 2020, 3.7 million people (95%UI 3.10-4.29) were blind and 157 million (140-176) had MSVI due to URE, a 21.8% increase in blindness and 72.0% increase in MSVI since 2000. Age-standardised prevalence of URE blindness and MSVI decreased by 30.5% (30.7-30.3) and 2.4% (2.6-2.2) respectively during this time. In 2020, South Asia GBD super-region had the highest 50.. years age-standardised URE blindness (0.33% (0.26-0.40%)) and MSVI (10.3% (8.82-12.10%)) rates. The age-standardized ratio of women to men for URE blindness was 1.05:1.00 in 2020 and 1.03:1.00 in 2000. An estimated 419 million (295-562) people 50..had near VI from uncorrected presbyopia, a.75.3% (74.6-76.0) increase from 2000 CONCLUSIONS: The number of cases of VI from URE substantively grew, even as age-standardised prevalence fell, since 2000, with a continued disproportionate burden by region and sex. Global population ageing will increase this burden, highlighting urgent need for novel approaches to refractive service delivery.

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Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Rheumatology 2024年第3期6卷 e142-e155页

作者： Wu, Ai-Min Cross, Marita Elliott, James M. Culbreth, Garland T. Cousin, Ewerton Haile, Lydia M. Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Hagins, Hailey Kopec, Jacek A. Brooks, Peter M. Woolf, Anthony D. Kopansky-Giles, Deborah R. Walton, David M. Treleaven, Julia M. Dreinhoefer, Karsten E. Betteridge, Neil Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Aithala, Janardhana P. Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alimohamadi, Yousef Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Antony, Benny Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Atomsa, Gamechu Hunde Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y. Baghdadi, Soroush Balogun, Saliu A. Balta, Asaminew Birhanu Banach, Maciej Banakar, Morteza Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Bekele, Alehegn Bensenor, Isabela M. Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bilchut, Awraris Hailu Briggs, Andrew M. Buchbinder, Rachelle Cao, Chao Chaurasia, Akhilanand Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee Coberly, Kaleb dadras, omid Dai, Xiaochen de Luca, Katie Dehghan, Azizallah Dong, Huan-Ji Ekholuenetale, Michael Elhadi, Muhammed Eshetu, Habitu Birhan Eskandarieh, Sharareh Etaee, Farshid Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Fares, Jawad Fatehizadeh, Ali Feizkhah, Alireza Ferreira, Manuela L. Ferreira, Nuno Fischer, Florian Franklin, Richard Charles Ganesan, Balasankar Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu Gerema, Urge Gholami, Ali Ghozy, Sherief Gill, Tiffany K. Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Golinelli, Davide Graham, Simon Matthew Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Harlianto, Netanja I. Hartvigsen, Jan Hasanian, Mohammad Hassen, Mohammed Bheser Hay, Simon I. Hebert, Jeffrey J. Heidari, Golnaz Hoveidaei, Amir Human Hsiao, Alexander Kevin Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Iwu, Chidozie C.D. Jacob, Louis Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Jin, Yingzhao Jonas, Jost B. Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma Kandel, Himal Khader, Yousef Saleh Khajuria, Himanshu Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Moien A.B. Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khateri, Sorour Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza Khonji, Mohammad Saeid Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health Sydney NSW Australia Kolling Institute of Medical Research University of Sydney Northern Sydney Local Health District St Leonards NSW Australia Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences Northwestern University Chicago IL United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Arthritis Research Canada Richmond BC Canada US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Birmingham AL United States Centre for Health Policy University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Bone and Joint Research Group Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro United Kingdom Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Research and Innovation Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College Toronto ON Canada Department of Physical Therapy University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia School of Physical Therapy Western University London ON Canada School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin) Berlin Germany London United Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran Clinical Research Development Unit Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW

Background: Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. We present the most current estimates of neck pain prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by age, sex, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods: Systematic reviews identified population-representative surveys used to estimate the prevalence of and YLDs from neck pain in 204 countries and territories, spanning from 1990 to 2020, with additional data from opportunistic review. Medical claims data from Taiwan (province of China) were also included. Input data were pooled using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor and multiplying by projected population estimates. We present 95% UIs for every metric based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of 100 draws of the posterior distribution. Findings: Globally, in 2020, neck pain affected 203 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 163–253) people. The global age-standardised prevalence rate of neck pain was estimated to be 2450 (1960–3040) per 100 000 population and global age-standardised YLD rate was estimated to be 244 (165–346) per 100 000. The age-standardised prevalence rate remained stable between 1990 and 2020 (percentage change 0·2% [–1·3 to 1·7]). Globally, females had a higher age-standardised prevalence rate (2890 [2330–3620] per 100 000) than males (2000 [1600–2480] per 100 000), with the prevalence peaking between 45 years and 74 years in male and female sexes. By 2050, the estimated global number of neck pain cases is projected to be 269 million (219–322), with an increase of 32·5% (23·9–42·3) from 2020 to 2050. Decomposition analysis of the projections showed population growth was the primary contributing factor, followed by population ageing. Interpretation: Although age-standardi

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Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET NEUROLOGY 2023年第8期22卷 685-711页

作者： Wunrow, Han Yong Bender, Rose G. Vongpradith, Avina Sirota, Sarah Brooke Swetschinski, Lucien R. Novotney, Amanda Gray, Authia P. Ikuta, Kevin S. Sharara, Fablina Wool, Eve E. Aali, Amirali Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Ashkan Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adamu, Lawan Hassan Adane, Tigist Demssew Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekiya, Tayo Alex Adnan, Mohammad Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agodi, Antonella Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadzade, Mohadese Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Akinosoglou, Karolina Aklilu, Addis Akonde, Maxwell Alahdab, Fares Al-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Albelbeisi, Ahmed Hassan Alemayehu, Tsegaye Begashaw B. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, Vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Ancuceanu, Robert Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Atalell, Kendalem Asmare Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atlaw, Daniel Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Attia, Sameh Awoke, Tewachew Ayalew, Melese Kitu Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu Ayele, Alemu Degu Azadnajafabad, Sina Azizian, Khalil Badar, Muhammad Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Mahboube Bagherieh, Sara Bahadory, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Barac, Aleksandra Barati, Shirin Bardhan, Mainak Basharat, Zarrin Bashiri, Azadeh Basnyat, Buddha Bassat, Quique Basu, Saurav Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Bedi, Neeraj Behnoush, Amir Hossein Bekel, Abebe Ayalew Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Univ Washington Dept Appl Math Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98105 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA 98105 USA Univ Washington Dept Pharm Seattle WA 98105 USA Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Div Infect Dis Los Angeles CA 90025 USA Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Appl Biomed Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Biotechnol Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Tanta Univ Trop Med Dept Tanta Egypt Johns Hopkins Univ Cardiovasc Dept Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Radiol Dept Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Cardiovasc Med Baltimore MD 21218 USA Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Med Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Informat Management Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Med Mycol & Parasitol Shiraz Iran Univ Human Dev Med Lab Sci Sulaymaniyah Iraq Baxshin Hosp Baxshin Res Ctr Sulaymaniyah Iraq Yasuj Univ Med Sci Lab Technol Sci Dept Yasuj Iran Yasuj Univ Med Sci Dept Nursing Yasuj Iran Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Dept Family & Community Hlth Ho Ghana Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Childrens Med Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pediat Cardiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Fac Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Cardiovasc Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pharmacol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Neurol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Psychiat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Microbiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Fac Med Tehran Iran Karolinska Univ Hosp Dept Biosci & Nutr Huddinge Sweden Univ Sharjah Clin Sci Dept Sharjah U Arab Emirates Univ Sharjah Dept Basic Med S

Background Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we aimed to assess incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990 to 2019, for 204 countries and territories. Methods We modelled meningitis mortality using vital registration, verbal autopsy, sample-based vital registration, and mortality surveillance data. Meningitis morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian compartmental model, using data from the published literature identified by a systematic review, as well as surveillance data, inpatient hospital admissions, health insurance claims, and cause-specific meningitis mortality estimates. For aetiology estimation, data from multiple causes of death, vital registration, hospital discharge, microbial laboratory, and literature studies were analysed by use of a network analysis model to estimate the proportion of meningitis deaths and cases attributable to the following aetiologies: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and a residual other pathogen category. Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 236 000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 204 000-277 000) and 2.51 million (2.11-2.99) incident cases due to meningitis globally. The burden was greatest in children younger than 5 years, with 112 000 deaths (87 400-145 000) and 1.28 million incident cases (0.947-1.71) in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates decreased from 7.5 (6.6-8.4) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 3.3 (2.8-3.9) per 100 000 population in 2019. The highest propo

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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EYE 2024年第11期38卷 2156-2172页

作者： Pesudovs, Konrad Lansingh, Van Charles Kempen, John H. Tapply, Ian Fernandes, Arthur G. Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria Arrigo, Alessandro Leveziel, Nicolas Resnikoff, Serge Taylor, Hugh R. Sedighi, Tabassom Flaxman, Seth Bikbov, Mukkharram M. Braithwaite, Tasanee Bron, Alain Cheng, Ching-Yu Del Monte, Monte A. Ehrlich, Joshua R. Ellwein, Leon B. Friedman, David Furtado, Joao M. Gazzard, Gus George, Ronnie Hartnett, M. Elizabeth Jonas, Jost B. Kahloun, Rim Khairallah, Moncef Khanna, Rohit C. Leasher, Janet Little, Julie-Anne Nangia, Vinay Nowak, Michal Peto, Tunde Ramulu, Pradeep Topouzis, Fotis Tsilimbaris, Mitiadis Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ningli Bourne, Rupert Briant, Paul Svitil Vos, Theo Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mozhan Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abrha, Woldu Aberhe Abualruz, Hasan Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Adal, Tadele Girum Girum Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Aghamiri, Shahin Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Alfaar, Ahmad Samir Ali, Abid Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Altaf, Awais Amu, Hubert Androudi, Sofia Anguita, Rodrigo Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Francis Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Damelash Arefnezhad, Reza Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atinafu, Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ayatollahi, Haleh Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babamohamadi, Hassan Bagherieh, Sara Bahurupi, Yogesh Baig, Atif Amin Banik, Biswajit Bardhan, Mainak Basu, Saurav Batra, Kavita Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Bazvand, Fatemeh Beyene, Addisu Shunu Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bikbov, Mukharram Bineshfar, Niloufar Birck, Marina G. Bitra, Veera R. Burkart, Katrin Bustanji, Yasser Butt, Zahid A. dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano Alberto Ca Univ New South Wales Med & Hlth Sydney NSW Australia HelpMeSee Inst Mexicano Oftalmol Santiago De Queretaro Mexico Univ Miami Gables FL USA Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Harvard Med Sch Dept Ophthalmol Massachusetts Eye & Ear Shepens Eye Res Inst Boston MA 02115 USA Comprehens Specialized Hosp Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Med Ctr MCM Addis Ababa Ethiopia MyungSun Med Coll Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addis Ababa Univ Dept Ophthalmol Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight Souls Bellevue WA USA Addenbrookes Hosp Cambridge England Fed Univ Sao Paolo Sao Paulo SP Brazil Univ Calgary Calgary AB Canada Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Sch Med Milan Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst Dept Ophthalmol Milan Italy Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst Milan Italy Univ Poitiers Poitiers France CHU Poitiers Poitiers France Brien Holden Vis Inst Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Fac Med Sydney NSW Australia Univ Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth Carlton Vic Australia Anglia Ruskin Univ Vis & Eye Res Inst Cambridge England Univ Oxford Dept Comp Sci Oxford England Ufa Eye Res Inst Ufa Russia Kings Coll London Sch Life Course & Populat Sci London England Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust Med Eye Unit London England Univ Hosp Dijon France Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Singapore Eye Res Inst Singapore Singapore Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Kellogg Eye Ctr Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Inst Social Res Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA NEI Bethesda MD 20892 USA Harvard Med Sch Mass Eye & Ear Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Med Sch Sao Paulo Brazil Inst Ophthalmol UCL London England NIHR Biomed Res Ctr London England Sankara Nethralaya Med Res Fdn Chennai 600006 Tamil Nadu India Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Heidelberg Univ Med Fac Mannheim Dept Ophthalmol Heidelberg Germany Associated Ophthalmologi

BACKGROUND: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity <6/18, >= 3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. RESULTS: In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by -27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.

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Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022年第9期7卷 796-829页

作者： Sheena, Brittney S. Hiebert, Lindsey Han, Hannah Ippolito, Helen Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdoli, Amir Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Adane, Mesafint Molla Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie Ahadinezhad, Bahman Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ashar Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, Vahid Alkhayyat, Motasem Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altawalah, Haya Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anoushiravani, Amir Ansar, Adnan Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Argaw, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Zeleke Gebru Arshad, Muhammad Artamonov, Anton A. Ashraf, Tahira Atlaw, Daniel Ausloos, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Jafari, Amirhossein Azari Azarian, Ghasem Bagheri, Sayna Bahadory, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Barati, Nastaran Barrow, Amadou Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa Boloor, Archith Bosetti, Cristina Braithwaite, Dejana Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Butt, Zahid A. Camera, Luis Alberto Chakinala, Raja Chandra Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Chen, Shu Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cowie, Benjamin C. Culbreth, Garland T. dadras, omid Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debela, Sisay Abebe Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Evans Sch Publ Policy & Governance Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Family Med Seattle WA USA Task Force Global Hlth Coalit Global Hepatitis Eliminat Decatur GA USA Hiroshima Univ Dept Epidemiol Infect Dis Control & Prevent Hiroshima Japan Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Adv Technol Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth & Community Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Med Eth & Law Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Ophthalm Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Expt Med Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Paediat Ctr Excellence Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Pediat Chron Kidney Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Fac Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pharmacol Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Human Dev Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Dept Comp Sci Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept Sulaymaniyah Iraq Bahir Dar Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Sch Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Dept Med Lab Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia James Cook Univ Publ Hlth

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-ofsample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4 center dot 1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 center dot 7 to 4 center dot 5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31 center dot 3% (29 center dot 0 to 33 center dot 9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76 center dot 8% (76 center dot 2 to 77 cente

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