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Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2022年第8期7卷 E657-E669页

作者： Peden, Amy E. Cullen, Patricia Francis, Kate Louise Moeller, Holger Peden, Margaret M. Ye, Pengpeng Tian, Maoyi Zou, Zhiyong Sawyer, Susan M. Aali, Amirali Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdoun, Meriem Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi Abebe, Getachew Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adane, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Tigist Demssew Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adewole, Ololade Grace Adhikari, Sangeet Adnan, Mohammad Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Bachelor Afzal, Saira Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aithala, Janardhana P. Aji, Budi Akhlaghdoust, Meisam Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alemayehu, Astawus Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Liaqat Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almidani, Louay Almustanyir, Sami Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad Amiri, Sohrab Amiri, Hoda Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anvari, Davood Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arja, Asrat Arulappan, Judie Arumugam, Ashokan Aryannejad, Armin Asgary, Saeed Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Attia, Sameh Aujayeb, Avinash Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Azari, Samad Jafari, Amirhossein Azari Azizi, Hosein Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Balta, Asaminew Birhanu Banach, Maciej Banik, Palash Chandra Bansal, Hansi Bardhan, Mainak Barone-Adesi, Francesco Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Saurav Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Bekel, Abebe Ayalew Bekele, UNSW Sydney Kensington NSW 2052 Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Populat Hlth Dept Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Populat Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales George Inst Global Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Ctr Social Res Hlth Sydney NSW Australia James Cook Univ Sch Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci Townsville NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Global Womens Hlth Div Newtown NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Injury Div Newtown NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Dept Injury Newtown NSW Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Ctr Adolescent Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Imperial Coll London Sch Publ Hlth London England Imperial Coll London Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth London England Imperial Coll London WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training London England George Inst Global Hlth TGI UK London England Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr Beijing Peoples R China Harbin Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Harbin Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Child & Adolescent Hlth Beijing Peoples R China Univ Melbourne Dept Paediat Parkville Vic Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Ctr Adolescent Hlth Parkville Vic Australia Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci E Learning Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Nursing Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Med Informat Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Clinial Res Dev Unit Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Policy Res Ctr Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Informat Management Dept Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Phys Therapy Shiraz Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehra

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morb...

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214337 [58%] were transport related) and 31.1 million DALYs (of which 16.2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34.4% (from 17.5 to 11.5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47.7% (from 15.9 to 8.3 per 100000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80.5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39.4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the

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Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022年第9期7卷 796-829页

作者： Sheena, Brittney S. Hiebert, Lindsey Han, Hannah Ippolito, Helen Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdoli, Amir Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Adane, Mesafint Molla Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie Ahadinezhad, Bahman Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ashar Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, vahid Alkhayyat, Motasem Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altawalah, Haya Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anoushiravani, Amir Ansar, Adnan Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Argaw, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Zeleke Gebru Arshad, Muhammad Artamonov, Anton A. Ashraf, Tahira Atlaw, Daniel Ausloos, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Jafari, Amirhossein Azari Azarian, Ghasem Bagheri, Sayna Bahadory, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Barati, Nastaran Barrow, Amadou Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa Boloor, Archith Bosetti, Cristina Braithwaite, Dejana Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Butt, Zahid A. Camera, Luis Alberto Chakinala, Raja Chandra Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Chen, Shu Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cowie, Benjamin C. Culbreth, Garland T. dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debela, Sisay Abebe Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Evans Sch Publ Policy & Governance Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Family Med Seattle WA USA Task Force Global Hlth Coalit Global Hepatitis Eliminat Decatur GA USA Hiroshima Univ Dept Epidemiol Infect Dis Control & Prevent Hiroshima Japan Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Adv Technol Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth & Community Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Med Eth & Law Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Ophthalm Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Expt Med Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Paediat Ctr Excellence Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Pediat Chron Kidney Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Fac Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pharmacol Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Human Dev Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Dept Comp Sci Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept Sulaymaniyah Iraq Bahir Dar Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Sch Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Dept Med Lab Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia James Cook Univ Publ Hlth

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and...

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-ofsample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4 center dot 1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 center dot 7 to 4 center dot 5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31 center dot 3% (29 center dot 0 to 33 center dot 9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76 center dot 8% (76 center dot 2 to 77 cente

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Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2022年第12期10卷 E1715-E1743页

作者： Lozano, Rafael Haakenstad, Annie Yearwood, Jamal Akeem Fullman, Nancy Bintz, Corinne Bienhoff, Kelly Weaver, Marcia R. Nandakumar, Vishnu Joffe, Jonah N. LeGrand, Kate E. Knight, Megan Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdoli, Amir Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Ali Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aji, Budi Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola Alam, Khurshid Al Hamad, Hanadi Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amu, Hubert Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrade, Pedro Prata Anjum, Afifa Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Ariffin, Hany Arulappan, Judie Aryan, Zahra Ashraf, Tahira Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayano, Getinet Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Badiye, Ashish D. Baig, Atif Amin Bairwa, Mohan Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Baliga, Shrikala Banik, Palash Chandra Baernighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Belete, Rebuma Bell, Arielle Wilder Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhaskar, Sonu Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Biondi, Antonio Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Bonny, Aime Brenner, Hermann Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Busse, Reinhard Butt, Zahid A. Butt, Nadeem Shafique Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Alberto Camera, Luis Cardenas, Rosario Carneiro, Vera L. A. Catala-Lopez, Ferran Chandan, Joht Singh Charan, Jaykaran Chavan, Prachi P. Chen, Simiao Chen, Shu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Cirillo, Massimo Corso, Barbara dadras, Omid Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dangel, William James Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Davletov, Kairat Deuba, Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Div Allergy & Infect Dis Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Harvard Univ Dept Global Hlth & Populat Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Brigham & Womens Hosp Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Ctr Primary Care Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Dept Global Hlth & Social Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Cardiol Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Gen Internal Med Boston MA 02115 USA Gates Ventures Dept Nutr Seattle WA USA Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Jurid & Econ Studies Rome Italy Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Natl Inst Hlth Res Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Sierra Sur Postgrad Dept Miahuatlan De Porfirio D Mexico Natl Res Council Mexico Mexico City DF Mexico Olabisi Onabanjo Univ Dept Sociol Ago Iwoye Nigeria Univ Texas Galveston Dept Obstet & Gynecol Galveston TX USA Univ Texas Galveston Off Hlth Policy & Legislat Affairs Galveston TX USA Stellenbosch Univ DSI NRF Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelling & Anal Stellenbosch South Africa Stellenbosch Univ Div Epidemiol & Biostat Cape Town South Africa Univ Management & Technol Dept Life Sci Lahore Pakistan King Edward Mem Hosp Dept Community Med Lahore Pakistan Inst Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Lahore Pakistan Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Policy Populat & Hlth Res Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Hlth Policy & Populat Res Ctr CIPPS Mexico City DF Mexico U

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injur...

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19.6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17.9-21.3), as well as among the young (22.5, 19.9-24.7), working (17.2, 15.2-19.1), and post-working (15.1, 13.2-17.0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30.7 (28.6-33.0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83.4 (82.4-84.3) on average in highSDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40.4-89.0), working (33.8-82.8), and post-working (30.4-79.1) group

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Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET 2024年第10466期404卷 1955-1988页

作者： Comfort, Haley McHugh, Theresa A. Schumacher, Austin E. Harris, Ashley May, Erin A. Paulson, Katherine R. Gardner, William M. Fuller, John E. Frisch, Meghan E. Taylor, Heather Jean Leever, Andrew T. Teply, Corey Verghese, Nicholas Alexander Alam, Tahiya Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdissa, Daba Abdoun, Meriem Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abebe, Mesfin Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R. M. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adema, Bulcha Guye Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Danish Ahmad Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ajami, Marjan Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albashtawy, Mohammed Alemi, Sharifullah Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almidani, Louay Almustanyir, Sami Altirkawi, Khalid A. Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Amani, Reza Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amiri, Sohrab Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anoushiravani, Amir Ansar, Adnan Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Francis Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Artamonov, Anton A. Aryal, Umesh Raj Asemi, Zatollah Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Asresie, Melash Belachew Atlaw, Daniel Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan Aujayeb, Avinash Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayatollahi, Haleh Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M. S. Azzam, Ahmed Y. Darshan, B. B. Ba Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Appl Math Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Epidemiol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Pharm Seattle WA 98195 USA Aleta Wondo Gen Hosp Dept Clin Governance & Qual Improvement Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Informat Management Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Neurosicence Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Neurosurg Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Childrens Med Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pediat Cardiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Internal Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Master Publ Hlth Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Neurol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Biol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Alexandria Univ Dept Epidemiol Alexandria Egypt Alexandria Univ Trop Hlth Dept Alexandria Egypt Marshall Univ Dept Surg Huntington WV USA Tanta Univ Dept Trop Med & Infect Dis Tanta Egypt Dept Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Jimma Ethiopia Diabet Res Ctr Dept Hlth Jimma Ethiopia Univ Setif Algeria Dept Med Setif Algeria Dept Hlth Set

Background Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends-in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted-is imperative for continuing progres...

Background Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends-in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted-is imperative for continuing progress in pregnancy loss reduction. This analysis, completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, methodically accounted for different stillbirth definitions with the aim of comprehensively estimating all stillbirths at 20 weeks or longer for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods We extracted data on stillbirths from 11 412 sources across 185 of 204 countries and territories, including 234 surveys, 231 published studies, 1633 vital statistics reports, and 10 585 unique location-year combinations from vital registration systems. Our final dataset comprised 11 different definitions, which were adjusted to match two gestational age thresholds: 20 weeks or longer (reference) and 28 weeks or longer ( for comparisons). We modelled the ratio of stillbirth rate to neonatal mortality rate with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression for each location and year, and then used final GBD 2021 assessments of fertility and all-cause neonatal mortality to calculate total stillbirths. Secondary analyses evaluated the number of stillbirths missed with the more restrictive gestational age definition, trends in stillbirths as a function of Socio-demographic Index, and progress in reducing stillbirths relative to neonatal deaths. Findings In 2021, the global stillbirth rate was 23 center dot 0 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 19 center dot 7-27 center dot 2) per 1000 births (stillbirths plus livebirths) at 20 weeks' gestation or longer, compared to 16 center dot 1 (13 center dot 9-19 center dot 0) per 1000 births at 28 weeks' gestation or longer. The global neonatal mortality rate in 2021 was 17 center dot 1 (14 center dot 8-19 center dot 9) per 1000 livebirths, corresponding to 2 center dot 19 million (1 cent

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Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET 2021年第10292期397卷 2337-2360页

作者： Reitsma, Marissa B. Reitsma, Marissa B. Kendrick, Parkes J. Ababneh, Emad Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdoli, Amir Abedi, Aidin Abhilash, E. S. Abila, Derrick Bary Aboyans, Victor Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Advani, Shailesh M. Aghaali, Mohammad Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Haroon Aji, Budi Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al-Aly, Ziyad Alanzi, Turki M. Alhabib, Khalid F. Ali, Liaqat Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Ancuceanu, Robert Anderson, Jason A. Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Antony, Benny Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Arian, Nicholas D. Arora, Monika Asaad, Malke Ausloos, Marcel Awan, Asma Tahir Ayano, Getinet Aynalem, Getie Lake Azari, Samad Darshan, B. B. Badiye, Ashish D. Baig, Atif Amin Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein Banach, Maciej Banik, Palash Chandra Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Behzadifar, Masoud Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bennett, Derrick A. Bensenor, Isabela M. Berfield, Kathleen S. Sachiko Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bintoro, Bagas Suryo Biondi, Antonio Birara, Setognal Braithwaite, Dejana Brenner, Hermann Brunoni, Andre R. Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Alberto Camera, Luis Car, Josip Cardenas, Rosario Carreras, Giulia Carrero, Juan J. Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia Sofia Chang, Jung-Chen Chen, Simiao Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Cirillo, Massimo Costa, Vera Marisa Couto, Rosa A. S. dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura Damiani, Giovanni Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz Gela, Jiregna Darega Davletov, Kairat Molla, Meseret Derbew Dessie, Getenet Ayalew Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Dharma Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Surg Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Cleveland Clin Pathol & Lab Med Inst Cleveland OH 44106 USA Cleveland Clin Dept Internal Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Cleveland Clin Dept Cardiovasc Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Cleveland Clin Dept Internal Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Jurid & Econ Studies Rome Italy Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Publ Hlth & Infect Dis Rome Italy Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol & Mycol Jahrom Iran Univ Southern Calif Dept Orthopaed Surg Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Univ Southern Calif Dept Radiol Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur Dept Bot Kozhikode India Makerere Univ Dept Pathol Kampala Uganda Univ Manchester Fac Biol Med & Hlth Manchester Lancs England Dupuytren Univ Hosp Dept Cardiol Limoges France Univ Limoges Limoges France Birzeit Univ Inst Community & Publ Hlth Ramallah Palestine Univ Coll Hosp Coll Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Coll Hosp Dept Community Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Coll Hosp Dept Med Ibadan Nigeria NIH Social Behav Res Branch Bldg 10 Bethesda MD 20892 USA Georgetown Univ Dept Oncol Washington DC USA Qom Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Qom Iran Univ Technol Sydney Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res ACPPHR Sydney NSW Australia Univ Technol Sydney Sch Hlth Sydney NSW Australia MAHSA Univ Fac Pharm Kuala Langat Malaysia Univ Nottingham Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England Univ Lincoln Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England COMSATS Inst Informat Technol Dept Biosci Islamabad Pakistan Jenderal Soedirman Univ Fac Med & Publ Hlth Purwokerto Indonesia Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth ICOH Africa Dept Publ Hlth Jos Nigeria Fed Minist Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Garki Nigeria Washington Univ John T Milliken Dept Inte

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide t...

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1.14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1.13-1.16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7.41 trillion (7.11-7.74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27.5% [26. 5-28.5] reduction) and females (37.7% [35.4-39.9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0.99 billion (0.98-1.00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7.69 million (7.16-8.20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20.2% [19.3-21.1] of male deaths). 6.68 million [86.9%] of 7.69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7.69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial prog

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET NEUROLOGY 2021年第10期20卷 795-820页

作者： Feigin, Valery L. Stark, Benjamin A. Johnson, Catherine Owens Roth, Gregory A. Bisignano, Catherine Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd-Allah, Foad Abedi, Vida Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me Abushouk, Abdelrahman, I Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Sepideh Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aji, Budi Akbarpour, Samaneh Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, Jason A. Ansar, Adnan Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo Arabloo, Jalal Arnlov, Johan Artanti, Kurnia Dwi Aryan, Zahra Asgari, Samaneh Ashraf, Tahira Athar, Mohammad Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Banach, Maciej Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Basu, Sanjay Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Beghi, Ettore Beheshti, Mahya Bejot, Yannick Bell, Arielle Wilder Bennett, Derrick A. Bensenor, Isabela M. Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birhanu, Mulugeta M. Boloor, Archith Bonny, Aime Brauer, Michael Brenner, Hermann Bryazka, Dana Butt, Zahid A. dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carrero, Juan J. Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Catapano, Alberico L. Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Colozza, David Costa, Vera Marisa Costanzo, Simona Criqui, Michael H. dadras, Omid Dagnew, Baye Dai, Xiaochen Dalal, Koustuv Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura D'Amico, Emanuele Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Gela, Jiregna Darega Davletov, Kairat De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa Desai, Rupak Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Mand Auckland Univ Technol Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci Auckland New Zealand Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Cardiol Sch Med Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Neurol Surg Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Neurol Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA USA Res Ctr Neurol Dept Neurol 3 Moscow Russia Res Ctr Neurol Moscow Russia Adigrat Univ Dept Nursing Adigrat Ethiopia Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Dept Internal Med Rafsanjan Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Clin Res Dev Unit Rafsanjan Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Family Med Dept Rafsanjan Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Dept Neurol Rafsanjan Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Rafsanjan Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Adv Technol Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Prevent Metab Disorders Res Ctr Tehran Iran Cairo Univ Dept Neurol Cairo Egypt Geisinger Hlth Syst Dept Mol & Funct Genom Danville PA USA Geisinger Hlth Syst Dept Neurosci Danville PA USA Virginia Tech Biocomplex Inst Blacksburg VA USA Birzeit Univ Inst Community & Publ Hlth Ramallah Palestine Harvard Univ Harvard Med Sch Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Brigham & Womens Hosp Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Ctr Primary Care Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Dept Global Hlth & Social Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Cardiol Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Dept Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Dept Internal Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Gen Internal Med Boston MA 02115 USA Ain Shams Univ Dept Med Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Neurol Dept Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Dept Entomol Cairo Egypt Univ Coll Hosp Coll Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Coll Hosp Dept Community Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Coll

Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based ...

Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates

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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET ONCOLOGY 2022年第1期23卷 27-52页

作者： Alvarez, Elysia M. Force, Lisa M. Xu, Rixing Compton, Kelly Lu, Dan Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline Kocarnik, Jonathan M. Harvey, James D. Pennini, Alyssa Dean, Frances E. Fu, Weijia Vargas, Martina T. Keegan, Theresa H. M. Ariffin, Hany Barr, Ronald D. Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva John-Akinola, Yetunde O. Ketterl, Tyler G. Kutluk, Tezer Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique Mathur, Prashant Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich Sultan, Iyad Abbasi, Behzad Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdoli, Amir Abebe, Haimanot Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hassan Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Achappa, Basavaprabhu Acuna, Juan Manuel Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie Ahadinezhad, Bahman Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aiman, Wajeeha Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A. Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alemayehu, Yosef Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alkhayyat, Motasem Alluri, Sunitha Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anvari, Davood Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Argaw, Ayele Mamo Arshad, Muhammad Arulappan, Judie Aryannejad, Armin Asemi, Zatollah Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari Atashzar, Mohammad Reza Atorkey, Prince Atreya, Alok Attia, Sameh Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Quintanilla, Beatriz Pauli Univ Calif Davis Dept Pediat Sacramento CA 95817 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Internal Med Sacramento CA 95817 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Div Pediat Hematol Oncol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Pediat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Hematol Seattle WA 98195 USA Boston Univ Dept Dermatol Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Dept Comp Sci 111 Cummington St Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Malaya Dept Paediat Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Univ Malaya Univ Malaya Med Ctr Kuala Lumpur Malaysia McMaster Univ Dept Pediat Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Pathol & Mol Med Hamilton ON Canada Children Republican Clin Hosp Oncol Dept Ulan Ude Russia Natl Canc Inst Dept Paediat Maharagama Sri Lanka Univ Ibadan Dept Hlth Promot & Educ Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Fac Publ Hlth Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Commun Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Med Ibadan Nigeria Seattle Childrens Hosp Div Pediat Hematol Oncol Seattle WA USA NN Blokhin Natl Med Res Ctr Oncol Dept Surg 2 Tumors Thoracoabdominal Localizat Moscow Russia Hacettepe Univ Dept Pediat Oncol Ankara Turkey Indian Council Med Res Natl Ctr Dis Informat & Res Bengaluru India Canc Inst Dept Med Oncol Chennai Tamil Nadu India RiesSearch LLC Rockville MD USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Global Pediat Med 332 N Lauderdale St Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Oncol 332 N Lauderdale St Memphis TN 38105 USA King Hussein Canc Ctr Pediat Serv Amman Jordan King Hussein Canc Ctr Dept Cell Therapy & Appl Genom Amman Jordan Univ Jordan Dept Pediat Amman Jordan Univ Jordan Dept Physiotherapy Amman Jordan Univ Tehran Med Sci Urooncol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran M

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact...

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2

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Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990-2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET HIV 2024年第12期11卷 E807-E822页

作者： Carter, Austin Zhang, Meixin Khai Hoan Tram Walters, Magdalene K. Jahagirdar, Deepa Brewer, Edmond D. Novotney, Amanda Lasher, Dylan Mpolya, Emmanuel A. Vongpradith, Avina Ma, Jianing Verma, Megan Frank, Tahvi D. He, Jiawei Byrne, Sam Lin, Christine Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Pease, Spencer A. Comfort, Haley May, Erin A. Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agide, Feleke Doyore Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmed, Ibrar Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed, Ayman Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Mosa, Amjad S. Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Alalalmeh, Samer O. Alam, Nazmul Alam, Noore Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alayu, Daniel Shewaye AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Almazan, Joseph Uy Altaf, Awais Altwalbeh, Diala Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amani, Reza Amera, Tewodros Getnet Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Anwar, Saleha Anwer, Razique Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Ardekani, Ali Areda, Er Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Asika, Marvellous O. Asmerom, Haf Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends a...

Background As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In this analysis, we assess the current burden of HIV in 204 countries and territories and forecast HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality up to 2050 to allow countries to plan for a sustained response with an increasing number of people living with HIV globally. Methods We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 analytical framework to compute age-sex-specific HIV mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates for204 countries and territories (1990-2021). We aimed to analyse all available data sources, including data on the provision of HIV programmes reported to UNAIDS, published literature on mortality among people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified by a systematic review, household surveys, sentinel surveillance antenatal care clinic data, vital registration data, and country-level case report data. We calibrated a mechanistic simulation of HIV infection and natural history to available data to estimate HIV burden from 1990 to 2021 and generated forecasts to 2050 through projection of all simulation inputs into the future. Historical outcomes (1990-2021) were simulated at the 1000-draw level to support propagation of uncertainty and reporting of uncertainty intervals (UIs). Our approach to forecasting utilised the transmission rate as the basis for projection, along with new rate-of-change projections of ART coverage. Additionally, we introduced two new metrics to our reporting: prevalence of unsuppressed viraemia (PUV), which represents the proportion of the population without a suppressed level of HIV (viral load <1000 copies per mL), and period lifetime probability of HIV acquisition, which quantifies the hypothetical

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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

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LANCET 2021年第10308期398卷 1317-1343页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Cogswell, Ian E. Cunningham, Brandon Ezoe, Satoshi Harle, Anton C. Maddison, Emilie R. McCracken, Darrah Nomura, Shuhei Simpson, Kyle E. Stutzman, Hayley N. Tsakalos, Golsum Wallace, Lindsey E. Zhao, Yingxi Zende, Rahul R. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdelmasseh, Michael Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E. S. Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R. M. Adhikari, Tara Ballav Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Ajami, Marjan Aji, Budi Akalu, Yonas Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alemayehu, Yosef Alhassan, Robert Kaba Alinia, Cyrus Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Almustanyir Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Angell, Blake Anjomshoa, Mina Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Antony, Catherine M. Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aripov, Timur Arrigo, Alessandro Ashraf, Tahira Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awan, Asma Tahir Ayano, Getinet Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Azhar, Gulrez Shah Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Bahrami, Mohammad Amin Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Barati, Nastaran Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Baune, Bernhard T. Bayati, Mohsen Benzian, Habib Berman, Adam E. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bodolica, Virginia Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. Breusov, Alexey V. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Callander, Emily Joy Camera, Luis Alberto Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Catala-Lopez, Ferran Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe dadras, Omid Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Dai, Xiaochen Dalal, Koustuv Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davitoiu, Dragos Virg Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Tokyo Dept Global Hlth Policy Tokyo Japan Keio Univ Dept Hlth Policy & Management Tokyo Japan Univ Oxford Nuffield Dept Med Oxford England Univ Oxford Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth Oxford England Univ Oxford George Inst Global Hlth Oxford England Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Jurid & Econ Studies Rome Italy Marshall Univ Dept Surg Huntington WV USA Univ Southern Calif Dept Orthopaed Surg Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Univ Southern Calif Radiol Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Univ Southern Calif Dept Radiol Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Near East Univ Dept Biostat Nicosia Cyprus Madda Walabu Univ Dept Biostat & Hlth Informat Bale Robe Ethiopia Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur Dept Bot Kozhikode India Karolinska Univ Hosp Dept Lab Med Huddinge Sweden Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Management & Econ Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Natl Inst Hlth Res Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Environm Hlth Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Metabol & Genom Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Philippine Inst Dev Studies Dept Res Quezon City Philippines Aarhus Univ Dept Publ Hlth Aarhus Denmark Nepal Hlth Frontiers Kathmandu Nepal King Edward Mem Hosp Dept Community Med Lahore Pakistan Inst Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Lahore Pakistan Univ Technol Sydney Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res Sydney NSW Australia Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Adv Technol Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Virtual Sch Med Educ & Man

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health finan...

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this tot

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