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Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2022年第8期7卷 E657-E669页

作者： Peden, Amy E. Cullen, Patricia Francis, Kate Louise Moeller, Holger Peden, Margaret M. Ye, Pengpeng Tian, Maoyi Zou, Zhiyong Sawyer, Susan M. Aali, Amirali Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdoun, Meriem Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi Abebe, Getachew Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adane, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Tigist Demssew Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adewole, Ololade Grace Adhikari, Sangeet Adnan, Mohammad Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Bachelor Afzal, Saira Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aithala, Janardhana P. Aji, Budi Akhlaghdoust, Meisam Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alemayehu, Astawus Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Liaqat Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almidani, Louay Almustanyir, Sami Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad Amiri, Sohrab Amiri, Hoda Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anvari, Davood Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arja, Asrat Arulappan, Judie Arumugam, Ashokan Aryannejad, Armin Asgary, Saeed Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Attia, Sameh Aujayeb, Avinash Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Azari, Samad Jafari, Amirhossein Azari Azizi, Hosein Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Balta, Asaminew Birhanu Banach, Maciej Banik, Palash Chandra Bansal, Hansi Bardhan, Mainak Barone-Adesi, Francesco Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Saurav Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Bekel, Abebe Ayalew Bekele, UNSW Sydney Kensington NSW 2052 Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Populat Hlth Dept Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Populat Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales George Inst Global Hlth Sydney NSW Australia Univ New South Wales Ctr Social Res Hlth Sydney NSW Australia James Cook Univ Sch Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci Townsville NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Global Womens Hlth Div Newtown NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Injury Div Newtown NSW Australia George Inst Global Hlth Dept Injury Newtown NSW Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Ctr Adolescent Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Imperial Coll London Sch Publ Hlth London England Imperial Coll London Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth London England Imperial Coll London WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training London England George Inst Global Hlth TGI UK London England Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr Beijing Peoples R China Harbin Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Harbin Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Child & Adolescent Hlth Beijing Peoples R China Univ Melbourne Dept Paediat Parkville Vic Australia Murdoch Childrens Res Inst Ctr Adolescent Hlth Parkville Vic Australia Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci E Learning Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Nursing Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Med Informat Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Clinial Res Dev Unit Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Policy Res Ctr Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Informat Management Dept Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Phys Therapy Shiraz Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehra

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morb...

Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214337 [58%] were transport related) and 31.1 million DALYs (of which 16.2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34.4% (from 17.5 to 11.5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47.7% (from 15.9 to 8.3 per 100000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80.5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39.4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the

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Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2022年第9期7卷 796-829页

作者： Sheena, Brittney S. Hiebert, Lindsey Han, Hannah Ippolito, Helen Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdoli, Amir Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Adane, Mesafint Molla Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie Ahadinezhad, Bahman Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ashar Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, vahid Alkhayyat, Motasem Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altawalah, Haya Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anoushiravani, Amir Ansar, Adnan Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Argaw, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Zeleke Gebru Arshad, Muhammad Artamonov, Anton A. Ashraf, Tahira Atlaw, Daniel Ausloos, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Jafari, Amirhossein Azari Azarian, Ghasem Bagheri, Sayna Bahadory, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Barati, Nastaran Barrow, Amadou Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa Boloor, Archith Bosetti, Cristina Braithwaite, Dejana Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Butt, Zahid A. Camera, Luis Alberto Chakinala, Raja Chandra Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Chen, Shu Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Cortesi, Paolo Angelo Cowie, Benjamin C. Culbreth, Garland T. dadras, Omid Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi De la Hoz, Fernando Pio Debela, Sisay Abebe Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Evans Sch Publ Policy & Governance Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Family Med Seattle WA USA Task Force Global Hlth Coalit Global Hepatitis Eliminat Decatur GA USA Hiroshima Univ Dept Epidemiol Infect Dis Control & Prevent Hiroshima Japan Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Adv Technol Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth & Community Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Med Eth & Law Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Ophthalm Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Expt Med Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Paediat Ctr Excellence Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Pediat Chron Kidney Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Fac Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pharmacol Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Human Dev Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Dept Comp Sci Sulaymaniyah Iraq Univ Human Dev Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept Sulaymaniyah Iraq Bahir Dar Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Sch Hlth Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ Dept Med Lab Sci Bahir Dar Ethiopia James Cook Univ Publ Hlth

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and...

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-ofsample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4 center dot 1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 center dot 7 to 4 center dot 5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31 center dot 3% (29 center dot 0 to 33 center dot 9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76 center dot 8% (76 center dot 2 to 77 cente

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Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2022年第12期10卷 E1715-E1743页

作者： Lozano, Rafael Haakenstad, Annie Yearwood, Jamal Akeem Fullman, Nancy Bintz, Corinne Bienhoff, Kelly Weaver, Marcia R. Nandakumar, Vishnu Joffe, Jonah N. LeGrand, Kate E. Knight, Megan Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdoli, Amir Abeldano Zuniga, Roberto Ariel Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Ali Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aji, Budi Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola Alam, Khurshid Al Hamad, Hanadi Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Liaqat Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amu, Hubert Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrade, Pedro Prata Anjum, Afifa Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Ariffin, Hany Arulappan, Judie Aryan, Zahra Ashraf, Tahira Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayano, Getinet Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Badiye, Ashish D. Baig, Atif Amin Bairwa, Mohan Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Baliga, Shrikala Banik, Palash Chandra Baernighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Belete, Rebuma Bell, Arielle Wilder Bhagat, Devidas S. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhaskar, Sonu Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Biondi, Antonio Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Bonny, Aime Brenner, Hermann Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Busse, Reinhard Butt, Zahid A. Butt, Nadeem Shafique Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Alberto Camera, Luis Cardenas, Rosario Carneiro, Vera L. A. Catala-Lopez, Ferran Chandan, Joht Singh Charan, Jaykaran Chavan, Prachi P. Chen, Simiao Chen, Shu Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Cirillo, Massimo Corso, Barbara dadras, Omid Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dangel, William James Alberto Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Davletov, Kairat Deuba, Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Div Allergy & Infect Dis Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Harvard Univ Dept Global Hlth & Populat Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Brigham & Womens Hosp Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Ctr Primary Care Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Dept Global Hlth & Social Med Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Cardiol Boston MA 02115 USA Harvard Univ Div Gen Internal Med Boston MA 02115 USA Gates Ventures Dept Nutr Seattle WA USA Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Jurid & Econ Studies Rome Italy Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Natl Inst Hlth Res Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr SSRC Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Sierra Sur Postgrad Dept Miahuatlan De Porfirio D Mexico Natl Res Council Mexico Mexico City DF Mexico Olabisi Onabanjo Univ Dept Sociol Ago Iwoye Nigeria Univ Texas Galveston Dept Obstet & Gynecol Galveston TX USA Univ Texas Galveston Off Hlth Policy & Legislat Affairs Galveston TX USA Stellenbosch Univ DSI NRF Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelling & Anal Stellenbosch South Africa Stellenbosch Univ Div Epidemiol & Biostat Cape Town South Africa Univ Management & Technol Dept Life Sci Lahore Pakistan King Edward Mem Hosp Dept Community Med Lahore Pakistan Inst Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Lahore Pakistan Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Policy Populat & Hlth Res Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Hlth Policy & Populat Res Ctr CIPPS Mexico City DF Mexico U

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injur...

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19.6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17.9-21.3), as well as among the young (22.5, 19.9-24.7), working (17.2, 15.2-19.1), and post-working (15.1, 13.2-17.0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30.7 (28.6-33.0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83.4 (82.4-84.3) on average in highSDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40.4-89.0), working (33.8-82.8), and post-working (30.4-79.1) group

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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET ONCOLOGY 2022年第1期23卷 27-52页

作者： Alvarez, Elysia M. Force, Lisa M. Xu, Rixing Compton, Kelly Lu, Dan Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline Kocarnik, Jonathan M. Harvey, James D. Pennini, Alyssa Dean, Frances E. Fu, Weijia Vargas, Martina T. Keegan, Theresa H. M. Ariffin, Hany Barr, Ronald D. Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva John-Akinola, Yetunde O. Ketterl, Tyler G. Kutluk, Tezer Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique Mathur, Prashant Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich Sultan, Iyad Abbasi, Behzad Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdoli, Amir Abebe, Haimanot Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hassan Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Achappa, Basavaprabhu Acuna, Juan Manuel Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie Ahadinezhad, Bahman Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aiman, Wajeeha Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A. Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alemayehu, Yosef Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alkhayyat, Motasem Alluri, Sunitha Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini, Saeed Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anvari, Davood Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Argaw, Ayele Mamo Arshad, Muhammad Arulappan, Judie Aryannejad, Armin Asemi, Zatollah Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari Atashzar, Mohammad Reza Atorkey, Prince Atreya, Alok Attia, Sameh Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Quintanilla, Beatriz Pauli Univ Calif Davis Dept Pediat Sacramento CA 95817 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Internal Med Sacramento CA 95817 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Div Pediat Hematol Oncol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Pediat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Hematol Seattle WA 98195 USA Boston Univ Dept Dermatol Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Dept Comp Sci 111 Cummington St Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Malaya Dept Paediat Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Univ Malaya Univ Malaya Med Ctr Kuala Lumpur Malaysia McMaster Univ Dept Pediat Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci Hamilton ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Pathol & Mol Med Hamilton ON Canada Children Republican Clin Hosp Oncol Dept Ulan Ude Russia Natl Canc Inst Dept Paediat Maharagama Sri Lanka Univ Ibadan Dept Hlth Promot & Educ Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Fac Publ Hlth Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Commun Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Ibadan Dept Med Ibadan Nigeria Seattle Childrens Hosp Div Pediat Hematol Oncol Seattle WA USA NN Blokhin Natl Med Res Ctr Oncol Dept Surg 2 Tumors Thoracoabdominal Localizat Moscow Russia Hacettepe Univ Dept Pediat Oncol Ankara Turkey Indian Council Med Res Natl Ctr Dis Informat & Res Bengaluru India Canc Inst Dept Med Oncol Chennai Tamil Nadu India RiesSearch LLC Rockville MD USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Global Pediat Med 332 N Lauderdale St Memphis TN 38105 USA St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Oncol 332 N Lauderdale St Memphis TN 38105 USA King Hussein Canc Ctr Pediat Serv Amman Jordan King Hussein Canc Ctr Dept Cell Therapy & Appl Genom Amman Jordan Univ Jordan Dept Pediat Amman Jordan Univ Jordan Dept Physiotherapy Amman Jordan Univ Tehran Med Sci Urooncol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran M

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact...

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. Thi...

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET 2024年第10466期404卷 1955-1988页

作者： Comfort, Haley McHugh, Theresa A. Schumacher, Austin E. Harris, Ashley May, Erin A. Paulson, Katherine R. Gardner, William M. Fuller, John E. Frisch, Meghan E. Taylor, Heather Jean Leever, Andrew T. Teply, Corey Verghese, Nicholas Alexander Alam, Tahiya Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdissa, Daba Abdoun, Meriem Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abebe, Mesfin Abedi, Aidin Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R. M. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adema, Bulcha Guye Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Danish Ahmad Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ajami, Marjan Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albashtawy, Mohammed Alemi, Sharifullah Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almidani, Louay Almustanyir, Sami Altirkawi, Khalid A. Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Amani, Reza Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amhare, Abebe Feyissa Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amiri, Sohrab Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anoushiravani, Amir Ansar, Adnan Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Francis Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Artamonov, Anton A. Aryal, Umesh Raj Asemi, Zatollah Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Asresie, Melash Belachew Atlaw, Daniel Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan Aujayeb, Avinash Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayatollahi, Haleh Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M. S. Azzam, Ahmed Y. Darshan, B. B. Ba Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Appl Math Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Epidemiol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Pharm Seattle WA 98195 USA Aleta Wondo Gen Hosp Dept Clin Governance & Qual Improvement Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Informat Management Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Neurosicence Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Neurosurg Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Students Sci Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Childrens Med Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pediat Cardiol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Internal Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Master Publ Hlth Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Iranian Res Ctr HIV AIDS Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Neurol Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Biol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Alexandria Univ Dept Epidemiol Alexandria Egypt Alexandria Univ Trop Hlth Dept Alexandria Egypt Marshall Univ Dept Surg Huntington WV USA Tanta Univ Dept Trop Med & Infect Dis Tanta Egypt Dept Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Jimma Ethiopia Diabet Res Ctr Dept Hlth Jimma Ethiopia Univ Setif Algeria Dept Med Setif Algeria Dept Hlth Set

Background Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends-in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted-is imperative for continuing progres...

Background Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends-in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted-is imperative for continuing progress in pregnancy loss reduction. This analysis, completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, methodically accounted for different stillbirth definitions with the aim of comprehensively estimating all stillbirths at 20 weeks or longer for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods We extracted data on stillbirths from 11 412 sources across 185 of 204 countries and territories, including 234 surveys, 231 published studies, 1633 vital statistics reports, and 10 585 unique location-year combinations from vital registration systems. Our final dataset comprised 11 different definitions, which were adjusted to match two gestational age thresholds: 20 weeks or longer (reference) and 28 weeks or longer ( for comparisons). We modelled the ratio of stillbirth rate to neonatal mortality rate with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression for each location and year, and then used final GBD 2021 assessments of fertility and all-cause neonatal mortality to calculate total stillbirths. Secondary analyses evaluated the number of stillbirths missed with the more restrictive gestational age definition, trends in stillbirths as a function of Socio-demographic Index, and progress in reducing stillbirths relative to neonatal deaths. Findings In 2021, the global stillbirth rate was 23 center dot 0 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 19 center dot 7-27 center dot 2) per 1000 births (stillbirths plus livebirths) at 20 weeks' gestation or longer, compared to 16 center dot 1 (13 center dot 9-19 center dot 0) per 1000 births at 28 weeks' gestation or longer. The global neonatal mortality rate in 2021 was 17 center dot 1 (14 center dot 8-19 center dot 9) per 1000 livebirths, corresponding to 2 center dot 19 million (1 cent

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET 2022年第10352期400卷 563-591页

作者： Khanh Bao Tran Lang, Justin J. Compton, Kelly Xu, Rixing Acheson, Alistair R. Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline Kocarnik, Jonathan M. Penberthy, Louise Aali, Amirali Abbas, Qamar Abbasi, Behzad Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdoli, Gholamreza Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Absalan, Abdorrahim Abtew, Yonas Derso Ali, Hiwa Abubaker Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Achappa, Basavaprabhu Acuna, Juan Manuel Addison, Daniel Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adnan, Mohammad Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Advani, Shailesh M. Afrin, Sumia Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Aggarwal, Manik Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aiman, Wajeeha Ajami, Marjan Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa Aklilu, Addis Akonde, Maxwell Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alessy, Saleh Ali Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Alimohamadi, Yousef Alipour, vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alkhayyat, Motasem Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali Almustanyir, Sami Alonso, Nivaldo Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Al-Rifai, Rami H. Hani Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah Al-Tammemi, Alaa B. Altawalah, Haya Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Dehkordi, Javad Javad Aminian Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Ancuceanu, Robert Anderson, Jason A. Animut, Yaregal Animut Anoushiravani, Amir Anoushirvani, Ali Arash Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansha, Mustafa Geleto Antony, Benny Antwi, Maxwell Hubert Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anwer, Razique Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aremu, Olatunde Argaw, Ayele Univ Auckland Dept Mol Med & Pathol Auckland New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Ctr Dept Clin Hematol AndToxicol Auckland New Zealand Publ Hlth Agcy Canada Ctr Surveillance & Appl Res Ottawa ON Canada Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Div Allergy & Infect Dis Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Div Pediat Hematol Oncol Seattle WA 98195 USA Boston Univ Hlth Informat Lab Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Dept Comp Sci 111 Cummington St Boston MA 02215 USA Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Med 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA Mashhad Univ Med Sci Fac Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Educ Dev Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Learning Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Nursing Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Appl Biomed Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Biotechnol Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Dept Med Informat Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Clin Res Dev Unit Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Policy Res Ctr Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Hlth Informat Management Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Res Ctr Hlth Sci Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Environm Hlth Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Radiol Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Shiraz Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci Dept Med Mycol & Parasitol Shiraz Iran Univ Bahrain Dept Biol Manama Bahrain Univ Tehran Med Sci Uro Oncol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Un

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Gl...

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9

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Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990-2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET HIV 2024年第12期11卷 E807-E822页

作者： Carter, Austin Zhang, Meixin Khai Hoan Tram Walters, Magdalene K. Jahagirdar, Deepa Brewer, Edmond D. Novotney, Amanda Lasher, Dylan Mpolya, Emmanuel A. Vongpradith, Avina Ma, Jianing Verma, Megan Frank, Tahvi D. He, Jiawei Byrne, Sam Lin, Christine Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Pease, Spencer A. Comfort, Haley May, Erin A. Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Abdoun, Meriem Aziz, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adhikari, Kishor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Aghamiri, Shahin Agide, Feleke Doyore Agodi, Antonella Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmed, Ibrar Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Ahmed, Ayman Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse Akinosoglou, Karolina Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Mosa, Amjad S. Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Alalalmeh, Samer O. Alam, Nazmul Alam, Noore Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alayu, Daniel Shewaye AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Abid Ali, Liaqat Ali, Waad Al-Ibraheem, Akram Almazan, Joseph Uy Altaf, Awais Altwalbeh, Diala Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan Amani, Reza Amera, Tewodros Getnet Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Anil, Abhishek Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Anwar, Saleha Anwer, Razique Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Ardekani, Ali Areda, Er Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse Ashraf, Tahira Asika, Marvellous O. Asmerom, Haf Univ Washington Dept Hlth Metr Sci Sch Med Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA

Background As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends a...

Background As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In this analysis, we assess the current burden of HIV in 204 countries and territories and forecast HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality up to 2050 to allow countries to plan for a sustained response with an increasing number of people living with HIV globally. Methods We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 analytical framework to compute age-sex-specific HIV mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates for204 countries and territories (1990-2021). We aimed to analyse all available data sources, including data on the provision of HIV programmes reported to UNAIDS, published literature on mortality among people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified by a systematic review, household surveys, sentinel surveillance antenatal care clinic data, vital registration data, and country-level case report data. We calibrated a mechanistic simulation of HIV infection and natural history to available data to estimate HIV burden from 1990 to 2021 and generated forecasts to 2050 through projection of all simulation inputs into the future. Historical outcomes (1990-2021) were simulated at the 1000-draw level to support propagation of uncertainty and reporting of uncertainty intervals (UIs). Our approach to forecasting utilised the transmission rate as the basis for projection, along with new rate-of-change projections of ART coverage. Additionally, we introduced two new metrics to our reporting: prevalence of unsuppressed viraemia (PUV), which represents the proportion of the population without a suppressed level of HIV (viral load <1000 copies per mL), and period lifetime probability of HIV acquisition, which quantifies the hypothetical

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Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET 2024年第10471期404卷 2543-2583页

作者： Arndt, Michael Benjamin Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abdelmasseh, Michael Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abidi, Hassan Abiodun, Olumide Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abtew, Yonas Derso Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Acuna, Juan Manuel Adamu, Kidist Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afrashteh, Fatemeh Afzal, Saira Agodi, Antonella Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. A. Ajami, Marjan Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akonde, Maxwell Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Thaher, Yazan Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Syed Shujait Alimohamadi, Yousef Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almustanyir, Sami Alomari, Mahmoud A. Al-Tammemi, Alaa B. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amin, Tarek Tawfik Amiri, Sohrab Amu, Hubert Amugsi, Dickson A. Anagaw, Tadele Fentabel Fentabil Ancuceanu, Robert Angappan, Dhanalakshmi Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Antriyandarti, Ernoiz Anvari, Davood Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Ariffin, Hany Aripov, Timur Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arumugam, Ashokan Aryastami, Ni Ketut Asaad, Malke Asemi, Zatollah Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atomsa, Gamechu Hunde Atorkey, Prince Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew Azadnajafabad, Sina Azevedo, Rui M. S. Darshan, B. B. Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Nasser Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Balasubramanian, Madhan Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Banach, Maciej Banik, Palash Chandra Barchitta, Martina Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barr, Ronald D. Barrow, Amadou Barua, Lingkan Bashiri, Azadeh Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Saurav Bekele, Al Univ Coast Dept Econ Sci Barranquilla Colombia

Background The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen b...

Background The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen by the World Health Assembly in 2012 as key indicators of maternal and child health, but there has yet to be a comprehensive report on progress for the period 2012 to 2021. We aimed to evaluate levels, trends, and observed-to-expected progress in prevalence and attributable burden from 2012 to 2021, with prevalence projections to 2050, in 204 countries and territories. Methods The prevalence and attributable burden of each target indicator were estimated by age group, sex, and year in 204 countries and territories from 2012 to 2021 in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, the most comprehensive assessment of causes of death, disability, and risk factors to date. Country-specific relative performance to date was evaluated with a Bayesian meta-regression model that compares prevalence to expected values based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of societal development status. Target progress was forecasted from 2021 up to 2050 by modelling past trends with meta-regression using a combination of key quantities and then extrapolating future projections of those quantities. Findings In 2021, a few countries had already met some of the GNTs: five for exclusive breastfeeding, four for stunting, 96 for child wasting, and three for child overweight, and none met the target for low birthweight or anaemia in females of reproductive age. Since 2012, the annualised rates of change (ARC) in the prevalence of child overweight increased in 201 countries and territories and ARC in the prevalence of anaemia in females of reproductive age decreased considerably in 26 countries. Between 2012 and 2021, SDI was strongly associated with indicator prevalence, apart from exclusive breastfeeding (vertical bar r-vertical ba

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