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Finite element analysis of corn kernel damage: a viscoelastic model approach for impact-induced damage prediction

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025年第7期105卷 3993-4004页

作者： Zhao, Xuelin Zhang, Qiang fang, xuwen Zhang, Jinsong Feng, Weijing Zhang, Li Zhou, Deyi Yu, Chunsheng Wang, Hao Gao, Xiaodi Zhou, Haigen Wu, Xinling Jilin Univ Coll Biol & Agr Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

BACKGROUNDIn the present study, we address the quality degradation of corn during post-harvest processing by developing a viscoelastic composite model to predict kernel damage during post-harvest processing. The model, based on high-resolution scanning and inverse modeling techniques, provides an accurate representation of the complex internal components of corn kernels, which allows for the analysis of their stress response and damage susceptibility trends under different impact *** results show that the viscoelastic model has a relative error of 2.4% compared to the drop test data, thus demonstrating that the viscoelastic model has a very high accuracy in predicting impact damage and is able to accurately localize the flour-like endosperm as the main region of impact damage. The model showed a high correlation (0.99) between predicted and experimental damage rates by response surface *** damage during processing is reduced by reducing the proportion of flour-like endosperm in maize kernels. A new method for reducing damage during food handling and processing operations is proposed, providing an important reference for improving kernel durability and contributing to the development of gentler processing techniques to improve the quality of maize products. (c) 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

关键词： viscoelastic composite model collision damage finite element method burgers model high moisture corn kernel

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Corn Stover-derived nanocellulose and lignin-modified particles: Pickering emulsion stabilizers and potential quercetin sustained-release carriers

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025年第PT 2期465卷 142021页

作者： Wu, Xinling Zhang, Qiang Zhou, Deyi Zhang, Li Zhou, Haigen Gao, Xiaodi fang, xuwen Huo, Chao Zhang, Jinsong Jilin Univ Coll Biol & Agr Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

Pickering emulsions (PEs) have wide applications in delivering nutraceuticals. However, the impact of extracting nanocellulose from corn stover on stabilizing PEs and delivering nutraceuticals remains unclear. In this study, four types of nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC), and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNF) were successfully prepared from corn stover, an agricultural waste. Among them, LCNC and LCNF exhibited stable reticulated microstructures, lower crystallinity, and excellent thermal stability. Besides, lignin enhanced the nanoparticles' hydrophobicity, promoting the formation of more ideally amphiphilic particles, resulting in denser emulsions at the oil-water interface. Furthermore, emulsions stabilized by LCNC and LCNF demonstrated remarkable resistance to quercetin degradation under UV light exposure (with residual level exceeding 90 %) and improved quercetin's bioaccessibility during the in vitro digestion tests, achieving the highest bioaccessibility of 48.3 %. This study provided an innovative perspective on utilizing stover-derived materials for stabilizing PEs and delivering lipophilic nutrients.

关键词： Corn Stover nanocellulose Lignin Pickering emulsion Quercetin delivery In vitro digestion

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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (4S)-5-(2-Methoxy-2-oxoethylamino)-5-oxo- 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamido) Pentanoic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2005年第6期24卷 706-710页

作者： LIXun xuwen-fang CollegeofPharmacy ShandongUniversityJinan250012China

The crystal structure of (4S)-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylamino)-5-oxo-4-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzamido) pentanoic acid 5 (C18H24N2O9, Mr = 412.39) has been determined by single- crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 27.665(9), b = 5.1444(16), c = 13.907(4) ?, β = 98.401(5)o, V = 1958.0(11) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.399 g/cm3, μ = 0.113 mm-1, F(000) = 872, R = 0.0606 and wR = 0.1405 (I > 2σ(I)). The results con- firmed that 5 could be assigned to the tautomeric form. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between O(5)–H(5)…O(7), N(2)–H(2)…O(6) and N(1)–H(1)…O(4) have been observed.

关键词： synthesis APN pentanoic acid crystal structure

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Predicting Wave-induced Ripple Geometry and Bottom Friction Factor

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JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH 2018年第SP1期83卷 148-154页

作者： Xiao, Qianlu Li, Ruijie Li, Chunhui fang, xuwen Hohai Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Coastal Disaster & Def Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Harbor Coastal & Offshore Engn Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Marine Sci Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The ripples induced by waves are prevalent in the offshore area. The accurate prediction of the ripple characteristics and bottom friction factors is the foundation of the research on the wave deformation, sediment transport and the evolution of shoreline. In this paper, the formulas commonly used for the calculation of the wave-induced ripples are analyzed and evaluated by using the published experimental data from the laboratory experiment and the field observation. The coordinated property of the bed form and the flow condition is considered, and a new prediction method is proposed to calculate the ripple equilibrium geometry such as length, height and steepness. The discriminant function including the wave critical Shields parameters is introduced to take the effect of the bed load transport into account. The formula of wave friction factor is derived theoretically, and the estimation of roughness height is improved by the sand ripples formulas. The results show that the proposed formulas can give a better description of the ripple characteristics when the bed load sediment move in different state. The critical Shields parameters influence greatly on the calculation ripple geometry. Moreover, the new ripple prediction can be used to calculate bottom friction factors efficiently.

关键词： Wave ripples waves bed forms critical shields parameters bottom friction factor

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Impact analysis of different axis layouts of detached breakwater on flow and sediment transport

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ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2021年第8期14卷 1-11页

作者： Yu, Haitao Luo, Feng Li, Ruijie Liu, Yanran fang, xuwen Li, Yuting Hohai Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Coastal Disaster & Def Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Harbour Coastal & Offshore Engn Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Oceanog Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Nanjing Environm Monitoring Ctr Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Marine Monitoring & Informat Serv Ctr Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China Nanjing Normal Univ Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

An incorporation and application of a two-dimensional, unstructured grid hydrodynamic model with a suspended sediment transport module is presented in the study. The model has a satisfactory verification with available measured data. After the verification, the variation of tidal current field and the seabed evolution are simulated. Based on the simulation results, the paper compares and analyzes the effects of different axis layouts of detached breakwater on flow field and seabed evolution. The results show that after the construction of the breakwater, the flow velocity of the both sides of the breakwater decreases, the flow velocity of the east entrance increases, and the erosion and siltation of sediment are consistent with the change of the flow field. In addition, the smaller the angle between the breakwater axis and the depth contour is, the smaller the impact on the change of the tidal current field and sediment erosion and siltation is.

关键词： Detached breakwater Axis layout Flow and sediment transport Hydrodynamic model

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Numerical investigation of combustion optimization in a tangential firing boiler considering steam tube overheating

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2019年 154卷 87-101页

作者： Yu, Cong Xiong, Wei Ma, Huan Zhou, Jianxin Si, Fengqi Jiang, Xiaoming fang, xuwen Southeast Univ Sch Energy & Environm Key Lab Energy Thermal Convers & Control Minist Educ Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China Datang Nanjing Environm Protect Technol Co Ltd Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China Maanshan Dangtu Power Generat Co Ltd Maanshan 243102 Peoples R China

A comprehensive numerical study of the combustion optimization of a 660-MW tangentially fired boiler under the constraint of steam tube overheating is presented. To obtain the chemical products and the heat flux at the heating surfaces, a three-dimensional (3D) combustion model was established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. In addition, a 1D + 1D thermal hydraulic model was developed using MATLAB to describe the heating process inside the tubes. Detailed mapping methods were also provided to connect the mesh systems in CFD and MATLAB. As a result, the tube wall temperature can be calculated by considering the coupled heat transfer on the gas and steam sides. The simulation results reveal that under full load conditions, the upward tilting of the separated over-fire air (SOFA) burners can reduce the formation of CO and NOx, which helps achieve higher boiler efficiency. However, when the SOFA tilt angle increases from +20 degrees to +30 degrees, 0.16% of the outer surfaces of the final re-heater would exceed the allowable temperature of the TP347H material;additionally, the improvement in the boiler efficiency and decrease in NOx formation are much less. Thus, considering the unit's safe operation, the optimal SOFA tilt angle for combustion optimization should be +20 degrees.

关键词： Tangential firing boiler Coupled simulation Combustion efficiency NOx emission Steam tube overheating

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Optimising maize threshing by integrating DEM simulation and interpretive enhanced predictive modelling

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BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2024年 244卷 93-106页

作者： fang, xuwen Zhang, Jinsong Zhao, Xuelin Zhang, Li Zhou, Deyi Yu, Chunsheng Hu, Wei Zhang, Qiang Jilin Univ Coll Biol & Agr Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

Maize threshing is a complex and dynamic process, and optimisation of operating parameters is essential to improve threshing quality and efficiency. In this study, machine learning was combined with interpretability analysis to investigate the dynamic effects of operating parameters on maize threshing quality and to optimise the threshing process. The maize cob model used to simulate threshing was validated by stacking angle and tensile test. Real-time drum operating parameters and threshing quality data obtained through Discrete Element Method (DEM) threshing simulation were used to train a threshing quality prediction network. The prediction accuracy was improved by incorporating an attention mechanism into the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model with an optimised Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0041. The global feature importance and dynamic Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) value analyses demonstrated that rotational speed is a key determinant of unthreshed and damaged rates and that its effect varies significantly at different stages of the threshing process. Guided by these analyses, a staged speed adjustment experiment was conducted. Specifically, an increase in rotational speed during the initial threshing phase markedly lowered the initial unthreshed rate for medium and high-speed groups to 6.63% and 2.73%, respectively, a significant improvement over the 67.70% observed in the low-speed group. The final damage rate in the high-speed group decreased by 9.79% relative to the low-speed group. This dynamic analysis approach provides a novel paradigm for optimising complex agricultural processes under varying conditions, offering interpretable insights for precise process control and improvement.

关键词： Simulation Neural network forecast Game theory Agricultural optimisation Interpretable models Data-driven agriculture

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Seabed erosion and deposition formulas applied to a 2D hydrodynamic harbor engineering simulation

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ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2022年第6期15卷 1-19页

作者： Li, Yuting fang, xuwen Li, Ruijie Song, Zhiyao Peng, Guoqiang Chen, Peng Nanjing Normal Univ Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm Minist Educ PRC Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Normal Univ State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Normal Univ Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Coll Ocean & Earth Sci Xiamen 361102 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Key Lab Coastal Disaster & Def Minist Educ Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Oceanog Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Coll Harbour Coastal & Offshore Engn Nanjing 210098 Peoples R China Shaanxi Normal Univ Sch Geog & Tourism Xian 710062 Peoples R China

In coastal engineering, predicting seabed erosion and deposition can help understand hydrodynamic changes of the coastal area. The present work aims to address the prevalent challenge that there is often a shortage of measured data in coastal areas. In this paper, a new seabed erosion and deposition formula with four forms is proposed and combined with 2D hydrodynamic harbor engineering simulation of Daishan Island situated in Zhejiang province, China. The simulation shows that (1) in the open channel, the proposed new formula considers the friction coefficient before and after trenching, thus providing a more accurate prediction result;(2) in the sheltered channels, the proposed new formula can roughly estimate the deposition intensity;(3) in the basin entrance, the proposed new formula provides an estimation better aligned with reality than existing formulae. Meanwhile, the recovery saturation coefficient is not a constant;it can be set at 0.31 in the obtained formulas for calculations during the back silting, and at 0.11 during scouring. Therefore, the proposed new formula provides an improved solution to prediction of seabed erosion and deposition and is applicable to Daishan coastal area in different situations.

关键词： Tidal current and sediment Channel deposition Seabed erosion and deposition Erosion and deposition formula

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Maize kernel damage dynamic prediction in threshing through PSO-LSTM and discrete element modelling

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BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2024年 242卷 179-195页

作者： fang, xuwen Zhang, Jinsong Zhao, Xuelin Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Li Zhou, Deyi Yu, Chunsheng Hu, Wei Wang, Hao Jilin Univ Coll Biol & Agr Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

This study presents the development of a maize ear model and a predictive approach for kernel damage in maize threshing, integrating physical simulation and predictive analytics to understand better and forecast threshingrelated damage. First, a maize ear model was developed to analyse kernel damage during threshing. Through the angle of repose experiments, the optimal number of spheres for the kernel model was established as 65. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the kernel-cob bond strength, revealing an average relative error in the bonding force of 8.71%. Vogel impact energy modelling was applied to the kernel threshing process to determine kernel damage. The correlation between the speed of seed grain movement and the occurrence of damage was analysed by post-processing to identify locations with frequent kernel damage in the drum. In-depth data analysis of kernel damage in the threshing drum further elucidates the inherent relationship between kernel velocity and damage extent. The study then focused on applying neural networks to predict damage rates. The comparative evaluation shows that the PSO-LSTM model has better prediction accuracy than LSTM and RNN models, with the PSO-LSTM network achieving an RMSE of 0.096, a R2 of 99.96%, and a final damage rate of 2.41% in validation tests. Threshing experiments were conducted to verify the model, showing a 1.4% discrepancy between predicted and actual damage rates. This study proposes a kernel damage prediction model and provides new insights and directions for the structural design of threshing drums.

关键词： Maize threshing Kernel damage prediction Machine learning in agriculture Agricultural automation LSTM network

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Optimising maize threshing process with temporal proximity soft actor-critic deep reinforcement learning algorithm

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BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2024年 248卷 229-239页

作者： Zhang, Qiang fang, xuwen Gao, Xiaodi Zhang, Jinsong Zhao, Xuelin Yu, Lulu Yu, Chunsheng Zhou, Deyi Zhou, Haigen Zhang, Li Wu, Xinling Jilin Univ Coll Biol & Agr Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Jilin Jianzhu Univ Sch Emergency Sci & Engn Changchun 130118 Peoples R China

Maize threshing is a crucial process in grain production, and optimising it is essential for reducing post-harvest losses. This study proposes a model-based temporal proximity soft actor-critic (TP-SAC) algorithm to optimise the maize threshing process in the threshing drum. The proposed approach employs an LSTM model as a real-time predictor of threshing quality, achieving an R2 of 97.17% and 98.43% for damage and unthreshed rates on the validation set. In actual threshing experiments, the LSTM model demonstrates an average error of 5.45% and 3.83% for damage and unthreshed rates. The LSTM model is integrated with the TP-SAC algorithm, acting as the environment with which the TP-SAC interacts, enabling efficient training with limited real-world data. The TPSAC algorithm addresses the temporal correlation in the threshing process by incorporating temporal proximity sampling into the SAC algorithm's experience replay mechanism. TP-SAC outperforms the standard SAC algorithm in the simulated environment, demonstrating better sample efficiency and faster convergence. When deployed in actual threshing operations, the TP-SAC algorithm reduces the damage rate by an average of 0.91% across different feed rates compared to constant control. The proposed TP-SAC algorithm offers a novel and practical approach to optimising the maize threshing process, enhancing threshing quality.

关键词： Threshing quality optimisation Agricultural machinery Machine learning Agricultural automation Sensitivity analysis

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