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Reproductive competition and fecal testosterone in wild male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY 2012年第5期66卷 721-730页

作者： Nie, Yonggang Swaisgood, Ronald R. Zhang, Zejun Liu, Xiaobin wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res San Diego CA 92112 USA China W Normal Univ Inst Rare Animals & Plants Nanchong 637002 Sichuan Peoples R China Foping Natl Nat Reserve Foping 723400 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is notoriously difficult to study in the wild, but its interesting reproductive ecology makes the effort worthwhile. Perhaps more than most species, the panda is energy-limited, which alters the cost/benefit analysis of its reproductive ecology. Using global positioning system/very high frequency radiocollars to locate mating aggregations, we used behavioral observations and fecal testosterone assays to gain insight into male panda reproductive effort and strategies, and test theories relating to reproductive competition. Male pandas initially competed fiercely for access to females that were about to be fertile, but once male competitive status was determined, aggression rates declined. Contact aggression was only observed during the first 2 days of mating aggregations;thereafter, it was replaced with noncontact aggression and avoidance. Agonistic interactions were highly asymmetrical, with contest losers (subordinates) showing less aggression and more avoidance than contest winners (dominants), both before and after contest outcome was established. The competitively superior male displayed mate-guarding tactics and secured all observed copulations. Contrary to theoretical predictions, testosterone levels did not predict aggression levels or contest winners and also were not affected by winning or losing a contest. Body size appeared to be the primary determinant of contest outcome. We discuss our findings in light of theoretical predictions, such as those arising from the "challenge hypothesis," in the context of the giant panda's foraging and nutritional ecology.

关键词： Giant panda Reproductive behavior Fecal testosterone Aggression Competition Challenge hypothesis

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Measures of Giant Panda Habitat Selection Across Multiple Spatial Scales for Species Conservation

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JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2012年第5期76卷 1092-1100页

作者： Qi, Dunwu Zhang, Shanning Zhang, Zejun Hu, Yibo Yang, Xuyu Wang, Hongjia wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Inst Zool Beijing 100101 Peoples R China China Wildlife Conservat Assoc Beijing 100714 Peoples R China China W Normal Univ Inst Rare Anim & Plants Nanchong 637002 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Forestry Dept Wildlife Conservat Div Chengdu 610081 Sichuan Peoples R China

Examining ecological processes across spatial scales is crucial as animals select and use resources at different scales. We carried out field surveys in September 2005, March-September 2006, and April 2007, and used ecological niche factor analysis to determine habitat preferences for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) across 4 spatial scales: daily movement, core range, home range, and seasonal elevational migration. We found that giant pandas prefer conifer forest and mixed forest at higher than average elevation (2,157 m) of study area in the 4 scale models. However, we also observed significant scale differences in habitat selection. The strength of habitat preference increased with scale for the 2 disturbed forests (sparse forest and fragmented forest), and decreased with scale for 0-30 degrees gentle slope and south-and north-facing aspect. Furthermore, habitat suitability patterns were scale-dependent. These findings highlight the need to determine species-environment associations across multiple scales for habitat management and species conservation. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society.

关键词： ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) giant panda habitat selection hierarchy scale spatial heterogeneity

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Giant panda scent-marking strategies in the wild: role of season, sex and marking surface

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ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR 2012年第1期84卷 39-44页

作者： Nie, Yonggang Swaisgood, Ronald R. Zhang, Zejun Hu, Yibo Ma, Yisheng wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100101 Peoples R China San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res San Diego CA USA W China Normal Univ Inst Rare Anim & Plants Nanchong Peoples R China

Scent marking entails significant energetic and opportunity costs that demand efficiency. Signal detection theory offers a theoretical framework that generates testable hypotheses regarding where animals should place scent signals in the environment in a way that maximizes their probability of detection by target receivers while minimizing costs of production and distribution. Solitary and reliant on chemical communication, the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, offers an interesting model to test these ideas. We studied scent-marking patterns in wild giant pandas in the Foping Nature Reserve by surveying areas containing a high density of scent posts. Pandas did not deploy scent marks randomly in this environment, but targeted trees with specific characteristics that promoted signal persistence, range and/or likelihood of detection. Variables affecting selection of scent-marking sites included bark roughnesss, presence of moss on the tree trunk, tree diameter and distance to the trail. That pandas should be efficient with their use of chemosignals comes as no surprise, as mounting evidence is suggesting that many aspects of giant panda life history are constrained by their energetically poor diet. We also found seasonal and sex differences in marking patterns, indicating a role for scent marking in reproduction and competition. Males scent-marked throughout the year, whereas females scent-marked predominantly during the mating season, suggesting functional differences in scent marking between the sexes. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ailuropoda melanoleuca chemical communication giant panda scent marking seasonality signal detection signalling theory

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Genetic consequences of historical anthropogenic and ecological events on giant pandas

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ECOLOGY 2013年第10期94卷 2346-2357页

作者： Zhu, Lifeng Hu, Yibo Qi, Dunwu Wu, Hua Zhan, Xiangjiang Zhang, Zhejun Bruford, Michael W. Wang, Jinliang Yang, Xuyu Gu, Xiaodong Zhang, Lei Zhang, Baowei Zhang, Shanning wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Cardiff Univ Organisms & Environm Div Cardiff Sch Biosci Cardiff CF10 3AX S Glam Wales Zool Soc London Inst Zool London NW1 4RY England Sichuan Forestry Dept Wildlife Conservat Div Chengdu 610081 Sichuan Peoples R China China Wildlife Conservat Assoc Beijing 100714 Peoples R China

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was taken to the brink of extinction in the 1980s through a combination of deforestation, large-scale loss of bamboo in the core of its range, poaching, and zoo collection, causing over 1000 deaths from the 1950s. It was thought that the drastic population decline was likely to impose a severe impact on population viability. Here, based on temporal genotyping of individuals, we show that this rapid decline did not significantly reduce the overall effective population size and genetic variation of this species, or of the two focal populations (Minshan and Qionglai) that declined the most. These results are contrary to previously assumptions, probably because the population decline has not produced the expected negative impact due to the short time scale involved (at most 10 generations), or because previous surveys underestimated the population size at the time of decline. However, if present-day habitat fragmentation and limited migration of giant pandas remains, we predict a loss of genetic diversity across the giant pandas' range in the near future. Thus, our findings highlight the substantial resilience of this species when facing demographic and environmental stochasticity, but key conservation strategies, such as enhancing habitat connectivity and habitat restoration should be immediately implemented to retain the extant genetic variation and maintain long-term evolutionary potential of this endangered species.

关键词： Ailuropoda melanoleuca anthropogenic effects bamboo flowering effective population size endangered species genetic diversity giant panda habitat loss poaching population decline

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Erratum to: Vol. 35 No. 1 Publisher’s Erratum

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第2期35卷 466-467页

作者： Shuangyan He Mingxia He Jürgen Fischer Dongliang Yuan Peng Xu Tengfei Xu Xianping Yang Leonid Sokoletsky Xiaodao wei Fang Shen Juhong Zou Maohua Guo Songxue Cui Wu Zhou Dalu Gao Guangzhen Jin Xianqing Lü fuwen Qiu Wendong Fang Aijun Pan Jing Cha Shanwu Zhang Jiang Huang Tao Wang Yongzhou Cheng Xiaoyan Chen Zhaopu Liu Xiaohua Long Zhishuai Hou Haishen Wen Jifang Li Feng He Qun Liu Jinhuan Wang Biao Guan Qinglong Wang Md. Shahjahan Md. Farajul Kabir Kizar Ahmed Sumon Lipi Rani Bhowmik Harunur Rashid Shu Li Kefu Yu Jianxin Zhao Yuexing Feng Tianran Chen Shun Zhou Yichao Ren Christopher M. Pearce Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Qinfeng Gao Fang Wang Liming Liu Rongbin Du Xiaoling Zhang Shichun Sun Song Feng Jianing Lin Song Sun Fang Zhang Zhipeng Zhang Xuexi Tang Haitian Tang Jingjing Song Jian Zhou Hongjun Liu Qixiang Wang Kuimei Qian Xia Liu Yuwei Chen Chengjun Sun Fenghua Jiang wei Gao Xiaoyun Li Yanzhen Yu Xiaofei Yin Yong Wang Haibing Ding Zhongmin Sun Yongqiang Wang Pengcheng Yan Hui Guo Jianting Yao Jiro Tanaka Hiroshi Kawai Na Song Muyan Chen Tianxiang Gao Takashi Yanagimoto Xia Lu Sheng Luan Jie Kong Longyang Hu Yong Mao Shengping Zhong Yan Liu weihong Zhao Caiyan Li Hui Miao Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao China Institute for Space Sciences Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Ocean College Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCAW) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application SOA Beijing China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education Qingdao China Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Sado Marine Biological Station Faculty of Science Niigata University Sado Niigata Japan Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Wageningen University Wageningen University and Research Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chittagong Bangladesh Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Black and white and read all over: the past, present and future of giant panda genetics

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MOLECULAR ECOLOGY 2012年第23期21卷 5660-5674页

作者： wei, fuwen Hu, Yibo Zhu, Lifeng Bruford, Michael W. Zhan, Xiangjiang Zhang, Lei Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Cardiff Univ Cardiff Sch Biosci Organisms & Environm Div Cardiff CF10 3AX S Glam Wales

Few species attract much more attention from the public and scientists than the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a popular, enigmatic but highly endangered species. The application of molecular genetics to its biology and conservation has facilitated surprising insights into the biology of giant pandas as well as the effectiveness of conservation efforts during the past decades. Here, we review the history of genetic advances in this species, from phylogeny, demographical history, genetic variation, population structure, noninvasive population census and adaptive evolution to reveal to what extent the current status of the giant panda is a reflection of its evolutionary legacy, as opposed to the influence of anthropogenic factors that have negatively impacted this species. In addition, we summarize the conservation implications of these genetic findings applied for the management of this high-profile species. Finally, on the basis of these advances and predictable future changes in genetic technology, we discuss future research directions that seem promising for giant panda biology and conservation.

关键词： adaptation conservation genetics evolution giant panda molecular ecology

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Baiji genomes reveal low genetic variability and new insights into secondary aquatic adaptations

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Zhou, Xuming Sun, Fengming Xu, Shixia Fan, Guangyi Zhu, Kangli Liu, Xin Chen, Yuan Shi, Chengcheng Yang, Yunxia Huang, Zhiyong Chen, Jing Hou, Haolong Guo, Xuejiang Chen, Wenbin Chen, Yuefeng Wang, Xiaohong Lv, Tian Yang, Dan Zhou, Jiajian Huang, Bangqing Wang, Zhengfei Zhao, wei Tian, Ran Xiong, Zhiqiang Xu, Junxiao Liang, Xinming Chen, Bingyao Liu, weiqing Wang, Junyi Pan, Shengkai Fang, Xiaodong Li, Ming wei, fuwen Xu, Xun Zhou, Kaiya Wang, Jun Yang, Guang Nanjing Normal Univ Coll Life Sci Jiangsu Key Lab Biodivers & Biotechnol Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Beijing 100101 Peoples R China BGI Shenzhen Shenzhen 518083 Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Dept Histol & Embryol State Key Lab Reprod Med Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Copenhagen Dept Biol DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark King Abdulaziz Univ Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

The baiji, or Yangtze River dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer), is a flagship species for the conservation of aquatic animals and ecosystems in the Yangtze River of China;however, this species has now been recognized as functionally extinct. Here we report a high-quality draft genome and three re-sequenced genomes of L. vexillifer using Illumina short-read sequencing technology. Comparative genomic analyses reveal that cetaceans have a slow molecular clock and molecular adaptations to their aquatic lifestyle. We also find a significantly lower number of heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the baiji compared to all other mammalian genomes reported thus far. A reconstruction of the demographic history of the baiji indicates that a bottleneck occurred near the end of the last deglaciation, a time coinciding with a rapid decrease in temperature and the rise of eustatic sea level.

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Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial b...

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2012年中国西部动物学首届学术研讨会

作者： ZHANG Zejun James K.SHEPPARD Ronald R.SWAISGOOD WANG Guan NIE Yonggang wei wei Zhao Naxun wei fuwen Institute of Rare Animals and Plants China West Normal University Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoologythe Chinese Academy of Sciences Foping National Nature Reserve

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)at GPS-level *** pandas(2 male,2 female)were tracked in Foping Reserve,China for an average of305 days(+54.8 se)between *** home ranges were larger than those of previous VHF tracking studies,with a bimodal distribution of space-use and distinct winter and summer centers of *** range sizes were larger in winter than in summer,although there was considerable individual *** tracked pandas exhibited individualistic,unoriented,and multiphasic movement paths with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed,linear,large-scale movements between *** adult female panda made two long-distance movements during the mating *** moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation(>2000 m)summer habitats in May,when temperatures averaged 17.5℃(±0.3 se),and these large-scale movements took<1 month to *** peak in panda mean elevation occurred in July,after which they began slow,large-scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in *** remain close to rivers and streams during winter,possibly due to their proximity to favored foraging *** movement path tortuosity and first-passage-time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use around 700 *** a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges,particularly in winter,we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.

关键词： Giant panda GPS telemetry Movements Habitat use Spatial heterogeneity

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Ranging behavior of the François’langur(Trachypithecus francoisi)in limestone habitats of Nonggang,China

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 157-164页

作者： Qihai ZHOU Chengming HUANG Ming LI fuwen wei Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Sciences Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina National Zoological Museum Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Ranging behavior is an important aspect of animal behavior that researchers use to investigate ecological influences on individual *** collected data on the ranging behavior of one group of François’langurs(Trachypithecus francoisi)between August 2003 and July 2004 in a limestone habitat within Nonggang Nature Reserve,*** evaluated the influences of food availability,water resources and sleeping sites on ranging *** the study period,the total home range size for the study group was 64.5 or(69.3 ha if the lacunae within the borders in which langurs were not observed were included),and the mean daily path length was 541 *** are well within the range of variation reported in Trachypithecus *** monthly range size was between 9.8 and 23.3 ha,and monthly range size correlated negatively with young leaf *** langurs tended to use a larger range size during young leaf-lean *** langurs did not use their home range uniformly,and 74%of their activities occurred within 35%of their home *** most heavily used quadrats in the home range were located near the most frequently used sleeping sites,suggesting that sleeping sites have a significant influence on the ranging behavior of François’langurs in limestone habitats.

关键词： François’langur limestone habitat ranging behavior Trachypithecus francoisi

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Distribution of Sleeping Sites of the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, China

Distribution of Sleeping Sites of the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monk...

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第八届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Dayong Li Cyril C. Grueter Baoping Ren Ming Li Zhengsong Peng fuwen wei College of Life Sciences China West Normal University637009 NanchongChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina Anthropological Institute and MuseumUniversity of Zurich8057 ZurichSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina College of Life SciencesChina West Normal University637009 NanchongChina

Sleeping site locations are important to free-ranging primate *** are strategically selected by primates so as to optimize security,comfort and foraging *** were collected on the distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) between September 2005 and September 2006 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve,*** identified 54 sleeping sites,which were used 137 times during the study *** sleeping sites were distributed throughout the monkey group's total home *** preferrred certain sleeping sites over others: 63% of the sleeping sites were used two or more times in 13 *** reused locations in an unpredictable long-term pattern,but avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive *** order to reduce the time and energetic costs of travel,monkeys preferred sleeping near commonly used feeding *** recorded 124 feeding sites in the home range,which were used 174 times.27 sleeping sites were also feeding sites,and all remaining sleeping sites were close to feeding *** study suggests that the availability and location of immediate sources of food was a key factor in the choice of sleeping sites.

关键词： Rhinopithecus bieti Sleeping site Home range Feeding site

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