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Updating conservation metagenomics on the gut microbiome of threatened mammals

iScience 2025年

作者： Le Wang Guangping Huang Guoliang Li Shibin Yuan fuwen wei Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 China Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education) China West Normal University Nanchong 637002 China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

During the past two decades, much work has characterized the composition and function of the gut microbiome on diverse wildlife in the framework of conservation metagenomics. While promising for conservation, translating theory into practice remains challenging and requires progress. Here, we summarize the progress of gut microbiomes of threatened mammals from ecology and evolution to conservation practice, and propose an integrative framework for future conservation metagenomics within which multi-dimension, multi-scale, multi-technology and multi-omics can be comprehensively considered to advance our understanding of the patterns and underpinnings of wildlife gut microbiomes. We also propose microbiome banking to archive endangered species' biological information and microbial entities. Moreover, a reference framework for cutting-edge gut metagenomics research on the giant panda is outlined, demonstrating the field’s potential. Finally, while microbiome manipulation shows promise, it remains experimental—demanding stringent safety protocols, vigilant oversight, and thorough risk assessment to ensure responsible application.

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The giant panda is cryptic

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2021年第1期11卷 1-10页

作者： Nokelainen, Ossi Scott-Samuel, Nicholas E. Nie, Yonggang wei, fuwen Caro, Tim Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Biol & Environm Sci POB 35 Jyvaskyla 40014 Finland Univ Bristol Sch Psychol Sci Bristol Avon England Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Univ Bristol Sch Biol Sci Bristol BS8 1TQ Avon England Univ Calif Davis Ctr Populat Biol 1 Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic mammal, but the function of its black-and-white coloration is mysterious. Using photographs of giant pandas taken in the wild and state-of-the-art image analysis, we confirm the counterintuitive hypothesis that their coloration provides camouflage in their natural environment. The black fur blends into dark shades and tree trunks, whereas white fur matches foliage and snow when present, and intermediate pelage tones match rocks and ground. At longer viewing distances giant pandas show high edge disruption that breaks up their outline, and up close they rely more on background matching. The results are consistent across acuity-corrected canine, feline, and human vision models. We also show quantitatively that the species animal-to-background colour matching falls within the range of other species that are widely recognised as cryptic. Thus, their coloration is an adaptation to provide background matching in the visual environment in which they live and simultaneously to afford distance-dependent disruptive coloration, the latter of which constitutes the first computational evidence of this form of protective coloration in mammals.

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Why wild giant pandas frequently roll in horse manure

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2020年第51期117卷 32493-32498页

作者： Zhou, Wenliang Yang, Shilong Li, Bowen Nie, Yonggang Luo, Anna Huang, Guangping Liu, Xuefeng Lai, Ren wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Anim Models & Human Dis Mech Kunming Inst Zool Key Lab Bioact Peptides Yunnan Prov Kunming 650223 Yunnan Peoples R China Northeast Forestry Univ Coll Wildlife & Protected Area Harbin 150040 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet Kunming 650223 Yunnan Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beijing Zoo Beijing Key Lab Capt Wildlife Technol Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Attraction to feces in wild mammalian species is extremely rare. Here we introduce the horse manure rolling (HMR) behavior of wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Pandas not only frequently sniffed and wallowed in fresh horse manure, but also actively rubbed the fecal matter all over their bodies. The frequency of HMR events was highly correlated with an ambient temperature lower than 15 degrees C. BCP/BCPO (beta-caryophyllene/caryophyllene oxide) in fresh horse manure was found to drive HMR behavior and attenuated the cold sensitivity of mice by directly targeting and inhibiting transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), an archetypical cold-activated ion channel of mammals. Therefore, horse manure containing BCP/BCPO likely bestows the wild giant pandas with cold tolerance at low ambient temperatures. Together, our study described an unusual behavior, identified BCP/BCPO as chemical inhibitors of TRPM8 ion channel, and provided a plausible chemistry-auxiliary mechanism, in which animals might actively seek and utilize potential chemical resources from their habitat for temperature acclimatization.

关键词： giant panda horse feces TRPM8 temperature

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“野生动物”的概念框架和术语定义

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生物多样性 2020年第5期28卷 541-549页

作者：曾岩平晓鸽魏辅文中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会北京100101 中国科学院动物研究所北京100101 中国科学院动物进化与遗传交叉卓越中心昆明650223

"野生动物"(wild animal)一词不止在我国,在全球的英语使用者中也有不同的含义。通过梳理相关研究、国内法和国际法背景下的定义和适用范围,结合人类对动物繁殖和生活条件的控制情况,本文提出了"野生动物"的二维概... 详细信息

"野生动物"(wild animal)一词不止在我国,在全球的英语使用者中也有不同的含义。通过梳理相关研究、国内法和国际法背景下的定义和适用范围,结合人类对动物繁殖和生活条件的控制情况,本文提出了"野生动物"的二维概念框架,梳理了动物从"野生"到"驯化"的12个连续状态。以下状态即未经中长期人工选择的动物类群应被视为野生动物:(1)其在荒野自然或人工环境(如城市或乡村)中自由生存繁殖,无论是否存在人工投喂、经救护或辅助生殖后被放归的个体;(2)被捕捉圈养在人工环境中生活,或源自野外但在圈养条件下出生的个体;(3)直系血亲(《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》解释为世系前四代)仍有野外来源的人工繁育后代;(4)放生、逃逸或引入到自然环境中的人工繁育个体。在野生动物物种保护的目标和语境之下,经过长期人工选择的驯化动物,无论其是否在人类控制下生活,如家养猫狗、家禽家畜或模式实验动物,以及流浪猫狗、放生禽畜和野化家养动物等都不是"野生动物"。但对于一些经过一定程度的人工选择,所处人类控制情况和对野外种群的影响各异(如经过多代人工繁育的驯养动物、因人类活动导致的外来动物等),其是否需被作为野生动物管理,则需要根据生态安全、物种管理、立法目标等特别设定监管范围。《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》的保护对象可以考虑为:受到人类威胁濒临灭绝的,或者具有重要生态作用的野生动物物种,其状态可不限于是在野外还是人工控制条件下。其他动物的管理,可根据遗传资源保护、疫病防控、动物福利和生态安全等需要,另外设立《动物福利法》《生物安全法》等,并和已有的法律法规如《动物防疫法》《渔业法》等做好衔接。本文还就《野生动物保护法》可能采用的"野生动物"定义提出建议。

关键词：野生动物二维概念框架野生动物保护法

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中国兽类学四十年的发展与展望

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兽类学报 2021年第5期41卷 483-486页

作者：王德华魏辅文张知彬王祖望中国科学院动物研究所山东大学生命科学学院中国科学院大学

2020年是中国动物学会兽类学分会成立和《兽类学报》创刊40周年。近40年来中国兽类学在各个领域都有了健康快速地发展,特别是分类学与区系演化、种群生态学、生理生态学、行为生态学、保护生态学、保护遗传学、分子进化、栖息地评估等... 详细信息

2020年是中国动物学会兽类学分会成立和《兽类学报》创刊40周年。近40年来中国兽类学在各个领域都有了健康快速地发展,特别是分类学与区系演化、种群生态学、生理生态学、行为生态学、保护生态学、保护遗传学、分子进化、栖息地评估等领域。本期有11篇论文,分别对我国这些领域的发展进行了总结,并对未来的发展提出了展望。野生哺乳动物疫病及其传播规律、兽类在生态系统中的地位和作用、保护生理学、保护宏基因组学等是需要加强发展的领域。

关键词：中国兽类学发展历程研究进展

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Ecological civilization: China's effort to build a shared future for all life on Earth

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 8-12页

作者： fuwen wei Shuhong Cui Ning Liu Jiang Chang Xiaoge Ping Tianxiao Ma Jing Xu Ronald R.Swaisgood Harvey Locke CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Endangered Species Scientific Commission of the People's Republic of China San Diego Zoo Global Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative

After hundreds of years of technological revolution and rapid development, humanity has reached a moment of crisis in its relationship with nature [1]. To find better solutions to address global challenges, holistic thinking is required to integrate environmental goals with human activities. Some of these approaches include sustainable development (SD), the planetary boundaries (PB) and, in China,ecological civilization (EC) based on the unity of nature and man (UNM)[2].

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Defining the balance point between conservation and development

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CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019年第2期33卷 231-238页

作者： Tian, Dexin Xie, Yan Barnosky, Anthony D. wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Stanford Univ Jasper Ridge Biol Preserve Stanford CA 94395 USA Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet Kunming 650223 Yunnan Peoples R China

In the face of the current global ecological crisis and the threats it poses to human survival and security, the fundamental solution is to resolve the deep contradiction between conservation and economic development. We considered the 3 key and basic questions of why to protect, how much to protect, and where to protect natural areas. Human survival depends on functioning ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide. In this regard, conserving core biodiversity conservation priority areas (BCPAs) can provide maximum conservation benefit. The goals of protected area (PA) systems globally and nationally must be clearly defined so as to sustain the survival and development of people and to coordinate and balance other objectives with this goal at the center. There is an urgent need to study, calculate, and define the extent of the natural world to ensure the well-being of people. We call this area over which natural areas of land and sea extend across the world or a country nature proportion (N%). Especially, a minimum area that ensures human survival should be protected, and we suggest that this area should cover core BCPAs so that it can achieve the maximum conservation benefit. These recommendations could be applied at global or national levels. The Chinese government proposes "developing a protected-area system composed mainly of national parks," and it has unified the administration of PAs into a central management authority. At this key time in the reform of the PA system, should this proposal be adopted, conservation will garner the greatest social consensus and support, and planning at the national level for BCPA coverage will be improved. We believe these recommendations are critical for China and other countries and extremely important for the world because they will pave the way toward a balance between nature conservation and human development as the projected human population reaches 10 billion by 2050.

关键词： biodiversity conservation priority areas China human well-being minimum protected area national park nature proportion N% protected area quantitative link area protegida area protegida minima areas de prioridad para la conservacion de la biodiversidad bienestar humano China conexion cuantitativa N% parque nacional proporcion de naturaleza

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腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在基层医院用于剖宫产的临床观察

中外健康

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中外健康 2024年第2期1卷 4-6页

作者：韦福文临桂西城医院广西桂林541100

分析腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于基层医院剖宫产的临床效果。选择临桂西城医院2021年1月—2023年12月期间实施剖宫产的产妇242例作为研究对象,均是足月单胎产妇,以麻醉方式的差异分组,即A组和B组,A组121例产妇单纯地实施硬膜外麻醉,B组121... 详细信息

分析腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于基层医院剖宫产的临床效果。选择临桂西城医院2021年1月—2023年12月期间实施剖宫产的产妇242例作为研究对象,均是足月单胎产妇,以麻醉方式的差异分组,即A组和B组,A组121例产妇单纯地实施硬膜外麻醉,B组121例产妇联合实施腰麻和硬膜外麻醉,比较指标有麻醉起效时间、麻醉恢复时间、新生儿窒息程度(Apgar评分)、产妇运动感觉阻滞情况、麻醉效果及不良反应发生情况。结果显示,B组麻醉起效时间和麻醉恢复时间均更短,新生儿Apgar评分更高(P<0.05);B组运动阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞完善时间及感觉阻滞完善时间均更短(P<0.05);B组麻醉效果明显优于A组(P<0.05);A组和B组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究发现在基层医院剖宫产中联合应用腰麻和硬膜外麻醉,麻醉效果更为理想,不良反应少,值得推广普及。

关键词：剖宫产腰麻硬膜外麻醉基层医院不良反应

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Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas

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SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020年第9期6卷 5751-5751页

作者： Hu, Yibo Thapa, Arjun Fan, Huizhong Ma, Tianxiao Wu, Qi Ma, Shuai Zhang, Dongling Wang, Bing Li, Min Yan, Li wei, fuwen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool CAS Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens), an endangered Himalaya-endemic mammal, has been classified as two subspecies or even two species - the Himalayan red panda (A. fulgens) and the Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani) - based on differences in morphology and biogeography. However, this classification has remained controversial largely due to lack of genetic evidence, directly impairing scientific conservation management. Data from 65 whole genomes, 49 gamma-chromosomes, and 49 mitochondrial genomes provide the first comprehensive genetic evidence for species divergence in red pandas, demonstrating substantial inter-species genetic divergence for all three markers and correcting species-distribution boundaries. Combined with morphological evidence, these data thus clearly define two phylogenetic species in red pandas. We also demonstrate different demographic trajectories in the two species: A. styani has experienced two population bottlenecks and one large population expansion over time, whereas A. fulgens has experienced three bottlenecks and one very small expansion, resulting in very low genetic diversity, high linkage disequilibrium, and high genetic load.

关键词： Phylogenetic

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Conservation metagenomics: a new branch of conservation biology

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第2期62卷 168-178页

作者： fuwen wei Qi Wu Yibo Hu Guangping Huang Yonggang Nie Li Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Multifaceted approaches are required to monitor wildlife populations and improve conservation efforts. In the last decade,increasing evidence suggests that metagenomic analysis offers valuable perspectives and tools for identifying microbial communities and functions. It has become clear that gut microbiome plays a critical role in health, nutrition, and physiology of wildlife, including numerous endangered animals in the wild and in captivity. In this review, we first introduce the human microbiome and metagenomics, highlighting the importance of microbiome for host fitness. Then, for the first time, we propose the concept of conservation metagenomics, an emerging subdiscipline of conservation biology, which aims to understand the roles of the microbiota in evolution and conservation of endangered animals. We define what conservation metagenomics is along with current approaches, main scientific issues and significant implications in the study of host evolution, physiology,nutrition, ecology and conservation. We also discuss future research directions of conservation metagenomics. Although there is still a long way to go, conservation metagenomics has already shown a significant potential for improving the conservation and management of wildlife.

关键词： microbiome conservation biology conservation metagenomics endangered animal

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