Aimed at achieving ideal morphology, illuminating morphology-performance relationship, and further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary polymer solar cells (TSCs), a ternary system is designed ba...
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Aimed at achieving ideal morphology, illuminating morphology-performance relationship, and further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary polymer solar cells (TSCs), a ternary system is designed based on PTB7-Th: PffBT4T-2OD:PC71BM in this work. The PffBT4T-2OD owns large absorption cross section, proper energy levels, and good crystallinity, which enhances exciton generation, charge dissociation and transport and suppresses charge recombination, thus remarkably increasing the short-circuit current density (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF). Finally, a notable PCE of 10.72% is obtained for the TSCs with 15% weight ratio of PffBT4T-2OD. As for the working mechanism, it confirmed the energy transfer from PffBT4T-2OD to PTB7-Th, which contributes to the improved exciton generation. And morphology characterization indicates that the devices with 15% PffBT4T-2OD possess both appropriate domain size (25 nm) and enhanced domain purity. Under this condition, it affords numerous D/A interface for exciton dissociation and good bicontinuous nanostructure for charge transport simultaneously. As a result, the device with 15% PffBT4T-2OD exhibits improved exciton generation, enhanced charge dissociation possibility, elevated hole mobility and inhibited charge recombination, leading to elevated Jsc (19.02 mA cm(-2)) and FF (72.62%) simultaneously. This work indicates that morphology optimization as well as energy transfer plays a significant role in improving TSC performance.
A novel distributed adaptive output feedback control strategy is developed to solve the cooperative output regulation problem of heterogeneous general linear multi-agent systems(MASs) under switching topology. The pro...
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A novel distributed adaptive output feedback control strategy is developed to solve the cooperative output regulation problem of heterogeneous general linear multi-agent systems(MASs) under switching topology. The proposed control strategy avoids using the minimal non-zero eigenvalue of Laplacian matrix when calculating gain matrix, and the communication topology is assumed to contain a directed spanning tree only frequently. It is shown that individual agents could track external signal asymptotically and achieve disturbance rejection. Ultimately, a simulation is presented to exemplify the effectualness of the main result.
Background/Aim: Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) stra...
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Background/Aim: Probiotics have been suggested as prophylactic measure in colon carcinogenesis. This study aimed at determining the potential prophylactic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134 (LGG) strain on colorectal carcinogenesis via measuring its effect on Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) inflammatory pathway and apoptosis. Materials and methods: 64 Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into four as follows;Group 1 (Healthy control), Group 2 (LGG), Group 3 (cancer control Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)) and Group 4 (LGG + DMH). LGG was administered orally to LGG and LGG + DMH groups. Colon carcinogenesis was chemically induced in LGG + DMH and DMH groups by weekly injection of 40 mg/kg DMH. Animals were sacrificed after 25 weeks of experiment and tumor characteristics assessed. The change in expression of NF kappa B-p65, COX-2, TNF alpha, Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS, VEGF alpha, beta-catenin, Casp3 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results: LGG treatment significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume in LGG + DMH treatment group compared to DMH cancer control group. Also, LGG treatment reduced the expression of beta-catenin and the inflammatory proteins NF kappa B-p65, COX-2 and TNF alpha;the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, casp3 and p53 compared with DMH group. Conclusion: LGG have a potential protection effect against colon carcinogenesis;inducing apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation, and may hold a promise as bio-therapeutic dietary agent. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Recently, engineering blasting is widely applied in projects such as rock mineral mining, construction of underground cavities and field-leveling excavation. Dynamic mechanical performance of rocks has been gradually ...
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Recently, engineering blasting is widely applied in projects such as rock mineral mining, construction of underground cavities and field-leveling excavation. Dynamic mechanical performance of rocks has been gradually attached importance both in China and abroad. Concrete and rock are two kinds of the most frequently used engineering materials and also frequently used as experimental objects currently. To compare dynamic mechanical performance of these two materials, this study performed dynamic compression test with five different strain rates on concrete and rock using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ( SHPB) to obtain basic dynamic mechanical parameters of them and then summarized the relationship of dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and strain rate of two materials. Moreover, specific energy absorption is introduced to confirm dynamic damage mechanisms of concrete and rock materials. This work can not only help to improve working efficiency to the largest extent but also ensure the smooth development of engineering, providing rich theoretical guidance for development of related engineering in the future.
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