Although the Chinese government and international organizations have spent millions of dollars estimating the population size of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), the outcomes of such surveys have been debated be...
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Although the Chinese government and international organizations have spent millions of dollars estimating the population size of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), the outcomes of such surveys have been debated because the methods used had uncertain ability to differentiate individuals. Our work in Wanglang Reserve was the first attempt at using fecal microsatellite analysis to enumerate giant pandas (Zhan et al. 2006), and we found the molecular enumeration for the reserve more than doubled that estimated in the third National Survey. Recently, Garshelis et al. (2008) challenged our DNA estimate on the grounds that our study lacked geographic closure and that genotyping errors confounded our results. We challenge both assertions. First, we realize the violation of the assumption of geographic closure is a common problem for noninvasive genetic capture-recapture studies;therefore, we tried in our methodology to minimize geographic closure effects. We conclude that immigration did not greatly affect our main conclusions because of a geographic barrier circling the study area, the limited mobility of giant pandas, and the same sampling intensity was applied to the whole study area. Second, internationally accepted standards were applied to our molecular analysis and appropriate laboratory procedures were taken to produce reliable genotypes. Although we did not report an estimate of genotyping error in our previous work (Zhan et al. 2006), genotyping error rates have now been estimated, but are still pending publication. Based on the Wanglang result, we raised the possibility that there might be more giant pandas in the wild than previously thought. If our prediction is shown to be correct, we do not believe the new estimate will serve to downgrade current endangered status of the giant panda, because population numbers remain very low and panda habitats are fragmented (even more so since the 2008 earthquake). For future conservation of giant pandas, we suggest mor
Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the wh...
Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes.
Based on a regular,causal descriptor controlled plant,the fault detection for a class of descriptor systems with both multiple measurement and control packet dropouts is *** independent Bernoulli distributed white seq...
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Based on a regular,causal descriptor controlled plant,the fault detection for a class of descriptor systems with both multiple measurement and control packet dropouts is *** independent Bernoulli distributed white sequences are used to describe the multiple measurement and control packet *** problem of fault detection for networked systems can be formulated as an H filtering problem in terms of H *** a fault detection filter which has a given H performance is designed.A sufficient condition for the existence of the filter is established by means of linear matrix *** last a numerical example shows the validity of the proposed method.
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